Buletin Peternakan
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Effect of Beta-Mannanase Supplementation on Growth Performance, Fecal Consistency, and Carcass Characteristics of Weanling Pigs
Full text linkThe study aimed to investigate the effect of beta-mannanase supplementation on growth performance, fecal consistency, and carcass characteristics of weanling pigs. A total of 100 weaned piglets (initial body weight = 7 ± 0.5 kg) were divided into 2 dietary treatments of (T1) control diet; and (T2) beta-mannanase supplemented diet. Each treatment was replicated 5 times with a pen of 10 piglets each following a completely randomized design. Feed and water were supplied ad libitum during the 30- day feeding trial. Fecal scores per pen were determined every morning on a daily basis; 1 pig per replicate was randomly selected for carcass evaluation. The results showed that there were no significant differences (P>0.05) in feed conversion ratio, fecal consistency scores, dressing percentage, and loin eye area between T1 and T2. Treatment T1 produced a greater body weight and gained weight faster compared to T2. In conclusion, beta-mannanase supplementation did not improve growth performance, fecal consistency, and carcass characteristics in weanling pigs. The amount of beta-mannanase was not enough to degrade the non-starch polysaccharides of the soybean meal
Substitution Effect of Rice Bran with Coffee Pulp Meal on Feed Efficiency and Percentages of Viscera Organs of Broilers
Full text linkResearch on animal feed has often focused on finding alternative feed ingredients to replace conventional ones in order to reduce feed costs. By-products from processing crops and food products have received much attention as feed alternatives because of their consistent and mass production, one of them is a waste of coffee. This research was conducted to evaluate the substitution effect of rice bran with coffee pulp meal on feed efficiency and viscera organs of broiler. The 100 broilers (Hubbard strain) and placed randomly into 4 treatments (R0 = ration with rice bran 21% + 0% coffee pulp meal; R1 = ration with 14% rice bran + 7% coffee pulp meal; R2 = ration with 7% rice bran + 14% coffee pulp meal; R3 = ration with 0% rice bran + 21% coffee pulp meal and each treatment consisted of 5 replications, five broilers each. The broilers were arranged by completely randomized design; a Tukey test was used to compare mean different of the treatments. Substitution effect of Rice Bran with Coffee Pulp Meal on ration had significant effect on decreasing feed efficiency and significantly increase the weight percentage of heart, gizzard, pancreas, and intestine (P0.05) Tukey test showed that the higher proportion of coffee hull meal the feed consumption and body gain non-significant to R0, R1 and R2. On the other hand feed efficiency of R3 significantly lower compared to R0, R1and R2. The higher the percentage of liver, gizzard, pancreas and intestine weight. However, there was no significant effect on caecum weight percentage. The conclution was: Utilization coffee pulp meal had significant effect on decreasing feed efficiency and significantly increase the weight percentage of heart, gizzard, pancreas, and intestin
Economic Sustainability Through Agritourism in Rural Communities: The Case of Native Chicken Beauty Contest in Isabela, Philippines
Full text linkAgritourism is a promising industry in the Philippines. It is one among the backbones of Philippine economy. This study assessed the impact of the native chicken beauty contest as an agritourism initiatives in Isabela, Philippines based on the perceptions of 639 farmers and stakeholders. The participants are coming from different municipalities of the province. Data were gathered through an adapted survey. Findings revealed that the respondents have a positive perception on the impact of the initiatives in the aspect of economy. They believe that the initiative improves their financial status, and that they received strategic and financial support from the government through their political leaders. On the other hand, the participants’ concern was about peoples’ participations to the development and implementation of the initiatives, proper development of community image for branding towards international recognition. Hence, a policy on inter-agency and inter-cultural monitoring board is highly recommended
Polymorphism of CSN2 Gene Exon 7 in Indonesian Dairy Goat Breeds
Full text linkMilk production and composition are the main factors in the dairy industry. However, these traits are influenced by several factors, such as genetic factors. The CSN2 gene exon 7 is one of the genes that can affect the protein composition of goat milk. Several studies on the CSN2 gene exon seven have been conducted on Italian and Indian goat breeds, and their genetic variations have been found. Studies about CSN2 gene exon seven polymorphisms in Indonesia have been completed but found no variations. Therefore, this study aims to find genetic variations of CSN2 gene exon 7 using the Sanger Sequencing Method. Ninety-five blood samples of 66 Sapera, 15 Saanen, and 14 Etawa Grade goats were collected from the Livestock Research Center, Ciawi. Genetic diversity was calculated using PopGene32 programs. The results found two polymorphic SNPs in all three dairy goat breeds, namely g.8946C>T and g.8956G>A. Three genotypes found in SNP g.8946C>T are CC, CT, and TT, while a new SNP g.8956G>A found two genotypes (GG and GA). In conclusion, SNPs g.8946C>T and g.8956G>A are polymorphic. Additional research should be conducted to determine whether there is any association between these 2 SNPs and milk production and quality
The Optimal Condition of Dry-Heat Stabilization using Oven on Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Activity of Rice Bran: A Meta-Analysis
Full text linkRice bran, a beneficial by-product of rice milling, is a rich source of nutrition, containing bioactive compounds such as phenolic compounds and exhibiting high antioxidant activity. Due to these properties, rice bran is a valuable ingredient for functional foods and animal feed. However, its short shelf life caused by rapid rancidity often hinders its use. Dry heating is an effective method to increase the longevity of rice bran. It can be stabilized by heating rice bran to the appropriate temperature, retaining its nutritional value and prolonging its shelf life. This meta-analysis aimed to determine the optimal temperature and time duration for dry-heat stabilization using an oven on Free Phenolic Content (FPC), Bound Phenolic Content (BPC), Total Phenolic Content (TPC), and Antioxidant Activity (AA) of rice bran. A total of 7 articles and 34 experiments were included after applying specified screening criteria. Results indicated that temperature and time duration of dry-heat stabilization had a significant effec
Sustainability Indicators of Kalang Buffalo Production Systems in Swamp Ecosystems in South Kalimantan
Full text linkThis study aims to identify problems, identify and analyze stakeholders and determine indicators (qualitative and quantitative) for the sustainability of kalang buffalo production systems in swamp ecosystems in South Kalimantan. The kalang buffalo is a type of mud buffalo that is reared using the kalang system. In the local language, kalang is an enclosure built in the middle of swamp waters. This study is expected to be a source of information for academics, farmers, communities and policymakers in South Kalimantan Province regarding the strategic function of Kalang buffalo for the people of South Kalimantan. Data collection was done by describing the problem and determining relevant stakeholders. The literature study was conducted with expert discussion. FGDs were also conducted to explore important issues, followed by SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats) analysis and to determine relevant issues. Situation analysis and secondary data showed that the Kalang buffalo population is declining. Stakeholder identification identified the central and local governments as primary stakeholders; secondary stakeholders were scientists/academics, butchers, sellers, and consumers. The primary stakeholders selected were buffalo farmers, central and local governments, while secondary stakeholders consisted of scientists/academics, butchers, farmer sellers, and consumers. The selected indicators on the EES issue are economic indicators such as gross margin (GM), body weight, weaning weight, and reproduction (calf crop (%)); environmental indicators such as total grazing land use and waste disposal; and social indicators such total of buffalo, feeding procedures, mating system, cages, record keeping, time allocation for maintenance, social status and land use conflicts
Association and Polymorphism of the APOA5 Gene Related to Carcass Characteristics and Lamb Quality in Sheep
Full text linkThe apolipoprotein A-V (APOA5) gene is a candidate gene that plays an important role in carcass characteristics and lamb quality. This study aimed to association and polymorphism of the APOA5 gene with carcass characteristics and lamb quality in sheep. The breed of sheep were used 100 sheep consisting of Thin Tailed Sheep (TTS) (n=55), Compass Agrinac Sheep (CAS) (n=10), Garut Sheep (GS) (n=18), Garut Composite Sheep (GCS) (n=8), and Barbados cross sheep (BCS) (n=9). Identification of APOA5 gene polymorphism was performed using PCR-RFLP method and association study was performed using GLM analysis. The results showed that the APOA5 (g.26929941 C>T) gene polymorphism was polymorphic in TTS, CAS, GS, and GCS, while BCS was monomorphic. The APOA5 gene has three genotypes (CC, CT, and TT). Association showed that the APOA5 was a significantly (PT) was also significant (P<0.05) associated with lamb quality of the pH dan tenderness. The TT genotype showed greater carcass length and pH than the CC and CT genotypes. The CT genotype showed a greater percentage of carcass and tenderness than the CC and TT genotypes. The APOA5 gene helps improve sheep carcass characteristics and lamb quality
Evaluation of Body Weight, Morphometry, and Physiology Status of Etawah Crossbred Doeling on Two Different Farms Management
Full text linkThis study aimed to evaluate the body weight (BW), morphometry, and physiological status of Etawah Crossbred Doeling (ECD) under different farms management. This study was performed in two farms, Garage (Tlogoadi village, Mlati subdistrict) and Bumiku Hijau (Margomulyo village, Seyegan subdistrict), both located in Yogyakarta and each farm used 6 ECD as the replications (12 animals in total). Parameters of the study consist of body weight (BW), morphometry (chest girth, hip height, body length, chest depth, ear length, ear width, and withers height), physiological status (respiration, pulse, and rectal temperature). The parameter was measured weekly for four consecutive weeks of observation. The results showed that the difference in farm management between Garage and Bumiku Hijau influenced on the BW, morphometry, and physiological status of ECD. The study showed that the BW and all morphometry from the Garage farm was higher than Bumiku Hijau farm (P<0.05). However, the physiological status (except for rectal temperature) from Garage farm was lower than Bumiku Hijau farm (P<0.05). It can be concluded that Garage farm implemented better good farming practices compared to Bumiku Hijau farm
Association of Growth Hormone Gen with KUB Chicken Productivity
Full text linkThis study aims to investigate the diversity of quantitative characteristics and GH genes, along with the association between GH genes and quantitative characteristics. The research material consisted of 96 KUB chickens aged DOC-2 months and corresponding blood samples. The t-test was utilized to determine differences in body weight, weight gain, and body measurements between male and female KUB chickens, and assess the diversity of the GH gene. T2-Hotelling analysis was employed to compare body measurements between male and female KUB chickens, while principal component analysis was used to identify size and shape characteristics. Male KUB chickens' average body weight, weight gain and body size were significantly (p<0.05) higher than females. The analysis of the growth hormone gene exhibited three genotypes: +/+ (0.51), +/- (0.35), and -/- (0.14). Additionally, two alleles were identified: (+) accounting for 0.68% and (-) accounting for 0.32%. The growth hormone gene MspI of KUB chickens demonstrated polymorphism, with X2 count (2.93) < X2 table 0.05 (3.84). The heterozygosity value in the KUB chicken population was 0.43, and the obtained PIC value was 0.38. The genotype +/+ of the growth hormone gene in KUB chickens was significantly higher (p<0.05) than genotypes +/- and -/-.In conclusion, male KUB chickens exhibited higher body weight, weight gain, and body measurements compared to female KUB chickens. The chest circumference served as the identifier for body size in both male and female KUB chickens, while the length of the upper body and tibia length distinguished the shape characteristics of male and female KUB chickens, respectively. KUB chickens' growth hormone gene MspI was associated with body weight, weight gain, and body measurements, with the (+/+) genotype being the most favorabl
The Effect of Feed Fermented Rubber Seeds with Rhizopus oligosporus and Neurospora stiophila on the Percentage of Abdominal Fat and Blood Profile of Native Chickens
Full text linkThe purpose of this study was to explore feed ingredients from rubber seed plantation waste and their effect on the percentage of abdominal fat and blood profile due to the high content of rubber seed oil and the presence of anti-nutrients (HCN). The concentrations of Rhizopus oligosporus and Neurospora stiophila inoculum were 109 CFU/g each. This study was subjected to a Nested Completely Randomized Design. The first factor was the type of microbial used. Factor II was inoculum dose (0%, 0.4%, 0.8%, 1.6%, and 3.2%). The best concentration of inoculum was used in the making of fermented rubber seeds to be given to native chickens. The application on native chickens used statistical analysis Completely Randomized Design consisting of 3 treatments, namely P1: feed without using fermented rubber seeds; P2: feed using 5% Neurospora fermented rubber seed; and P3: feed using 5% Rhizopus fermented rubber seed. Significantly different results continued with Duncan's test. The results showed that the type of fungi had no significant effect on the treatment, but increasing the dose of fungi inoculum up to 3.2% had a significant effect on decreasing the content of dry matter, HCN, and crude fiber in rubber seeds. Administration of Rhizopus and Neurospora inoculums had a significant effect on increasing abdominal fat when compared to control. The conclusion of this study was that the processing method before fermentation and the amount of fungal inoculum used during fermentation affected the nutritional and antinutritional content of HCN rubber seeds. The presence of fermented rubber seeds which had either Rhizopus oligosporus or Neurospora stiophila increased the percentage of abdominal fat. Native chickens which were given fermented rubber seeds with Neurospora showed a higher level of stress marked by increased blood lymphocyte