Buletin Peternakan
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Evaluating Current Increased Price and Fattening Cost of BX Cattle with ESCAS Cost on Slaughtered Cattle Price and their Welfare
Full text linkThe Australian Brahman Cross (BX) cattle industry is very modern. They have created a comprehensive system guided by the principles of animal welfare. The importation of BX cattle by companies in Indonesia will be bound by the Exporter Supply Chain Assurance System (ESCAS) regulations. This study aimed to evaluate the current increased price and fattening cost of feeder Brahman Cross (BX) cattle along with ESCAS additional cost on the price of slaughtered cattle and their welfare. Based on the results, the animal welfare assessment in the feedlot for 120 days were considered good, with the average value in the first month 86.40%, then in the second month 88.50%, in the third month 92.14%, and the fourth month 94.29%. Based on the calculations result of the Activity Based Costing (ABC) method in each supply chain, it is known that procurement costs, including the purchase of feeders, contributed to 94,0% of the total costs, while other costs were handling costs 2.70%, cost of ESCAS 1.56%, selling cost 1.52%, and the lowest, maintenance cost 0.24%. Therefore, to fatten Australian BX cattle, special strategies are needed, such as: optimizing stock in the feedlot; efficiency cost in feed ingredients without reducing quality; applying animal welfare rules to minimize handling costs and selecting vendors who want the lower price in providing ESCAS support facilities and establishing regular maintenance of the ESCAS supporting tools
Reproductive Success Rate and Blood Urea Nitrogen Status of Garut Ewes Fed Sorghum-Indigofera in Majalengka District - West Java
Full text linkThe body's Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) concentration could be used as diagnostic information for interpreting animal nutritional status, improving nutritional management, and preventing metabolic disorders in ewes during the reproductive phase. This study aimed to evaluate the reproductive success rate and changes in the BUN status of Garut ewes fed sorghum-Indigofera in Majalengka District – West Java, Indonesia. Twenty-eight multiparous Garut ewes with an average body weight of 30 kg, aged 2-3 years or parity from 3rd to 4th, and non-pregnant were separated into two feed treatment groups; divided field grass (FG) and sorghum-Indigofera (SI) mixed feed. This study was designed using a Complete Randomized Design (CRD). After one month of feed acclimatization, all ewes were served an estrus synchronization protocol and mated naturally. A pregnancy test was carried out on the 28th day after mating using ultrasonography (USG). Seven blood samples were taken (1 time in the pre-mating phase and three times each in the pregnancy and lactation phases), and the BUN parameter was analyzed. The results showed that SI feed increased the number of ewes pregnant and giving birth compared to FG (10 vs. 9 and 9 vs. 6, respectively). Meanwhile, the average value of the BUN content of ewes in both FG and SI treatments during the premating, pregnancy, and lactation phases did not show any differences (p>0.05). The concentration of BUN is still in normal condition even though it has decreased from pre-mating until the lactation phase. It can be concluded that Sorghum-Indigofera mixed feed could increase reproductive success. However, the average value of BUN in the two types of feed treatment experienced the same status change in all reproductive phases. Both can overcome the energy deficit problem if they have sufficient feed
Effectiveness Performance of Sodium Hypochlorite (NaOCl) to Increase Hatchability of KUB Chicken Eggs in Artificial Hatchery
Full text linkThis study aims to determine the effect of 40°C warm water and sodium hypochlorite solution (NaOCl) on the hatchability of KUB chickens through artificial hatchery. The NaOCl concentrations used in this study were 0.25% and 0.5%. The hatching eggs used are the production of KUB hens which are kept intensively in the UPBS Poultry Departmen, Assessment Institute for Agricultural Technology (AIAT) of North Sumatra. The research procedures applied in this study were collection of hatching eggs, fumigation of machines and equipment, setting of machines and hatching eggs, washing of eggs with cherry leaf extract and hatching of eggs for 21 days. During the hatching process, observations were made on the variables that had been determined. The observed variables were egg shape index, egg weight loss, shell temperature and hatchability. The method used was a completely randomized design (CRD) with 3 treatments and 300 replications. The results showed that the shape index of the eggs that hatched in this study was 76.71 - 77.38%, the P2 treatment experienced the most stable weight loss compared to other treatments. The conclusion in this study P2 (0.25% NaOCl) effective in the highest egg hatchability
Effect of Phyllosilicates As Toxin Binder On Productivity, Intestinal Morphology, and Liver Toxicity in Broiler Fed Afb1 Contaminated Feed
Full text linkAflatoxin B1 is a toxin produced by the fungus Aspergillus flavus which reduces the development and function of organs in broilers. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of adding binder toxin from different bentonite to feed contaminated with AFB1 on productivity, intestinal morphology, and liver toxicity in broilers. A total of 60-day old chick male broilers were placed in 12 pens. Each treatment consisted of three replicates, each replicate containing five broilers. Treatment in the study consisted of P0 (control, basal diet, without the addition of AFB1), P1 (P0 + 100 µg/kg AFB1 + 4 g/kg calcium bentonite Type A), P2 (P0 + 100 µg/kg AFB1 + 4 g/kg calcium bentonite Type B), and P3 (P0 + 100 µg/kg AFB1 + 4 g/kg calcium bentonite Type B + kerolite + saponite). Treatment diets were given to broilers from day 22 to 35 (finisher phase). The results showed that the toxin binder on AFB1 contaminated feed had no effect on feed consumption, body weight gain and feed conversion (p>0.05). Addition of toxin binder on AFB1 contaminated feed increased the relative weight of the duodenum (p=0.024), although P3 was not significantly different. Treatments had no effect on villus length, crypt depth, and ratio of villus length to crypt depth (p>0.05), but decreased villus width (p=0.013). The addition of toxin binder tended to decrease the villus area (p=0.055). SGOT and SGPT did not show differences between treatments. AFB1 contamination with the addition of toxin binder showed signs of toxicity on liver histopathological observations. Based on the research, it can be concluded that the addition of binder toxin in feed contaminated with AFB1 can reduce the negative effect on the development of intestinal villus and chemical effect to the liver. Toxin binder Type B has the best efficacy for reduce the negative effec
Sperm Longevity and Motility in Ringer’s Lactate Solution with Addition of Egg Yolk among Five Phenotypes of Kokok Balenggek Chicken
Full text linkThe application of cryopreservation to preserve germplasm in such specific breed requires preliminary studies, primarily related to the resistance of spermatozoa to low temperatures (4 – 5 °C) as measured by their motility and longevity. In this study, semen taken from five phenotypes of Kokok Balengeek Chicken (KBC) (Biriang, Jalak, Kinantan, Kuriak, and Taduang) was used to evaluate the effect of Ringer’s Lactate-egg yolk diluent on longevity and motility of spermatozoa. The treatments consisted of Ringer’s Lactate (RL) solution added with egg yolk at a concentration of 1% (RLKT1), 3% (RLKT3), and 5% (RLKT5). Evaluation of fresh semen showed that the spermatozoa of Jalak had the highest motility, namely 75.63 ± 0.5% (P<0.05). Post-dilution longevity and motility observations were carried out at 0, 24, 48, and 72 h, significantly decreasing each time (P<0.05). The lowest range of reduction was found in Jalak spermatozoa diluted with RL with longevity of 7.75 ± 0.70 days. Overall, the RL diluent showed the highest motility after 24 h, namely 41.13 ± 2.27%. Adding egg yolks to Ringer's Lactate solution could not maintain the motility of KBC spermatozoa when stored at 4-5°C for 48-72 h
Appropriate Primer Selection Improves Molecular Bird Sexing Accuracy
Full text linkBirds sexing utilize the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technique is increasingly being used by researchers and breeders. The PCR technique has high sensitivity, but its success is influenced by the specificity of the DNA template with the oligo primer used. This study aimed to evaluate 5 types of PCR primers P2/P8, 2550F/2718R, CHD1F/CHD1R, 1237L/1272H, and CHD1LF/CHD1LR to determine the sex of Phasianidae, Anatidae, Muscicapidae, and Psittacidae families. This research was conducted by tested primers mentioned above to amplify the target gene chromodomain helicase DNA binding 1 (CHD1) on DNA samples of each pair of males and females from four bird families, respectively. The results indicated that CHD1LF/CHD1LR PCR primer gave the best results and was recommended to determine the sex of four families tested. Some of other primers tested in this study failed to amplify targeted gene correctly, it is important to use appropriate primer to increase bird sexing accuracy
Physical Quality of Complete Pellets Feed Containing Peanut Waste (Arachis hypogaea) and Its Effects on Rabbit Growth Performance
Full text linkThis study aimed to evaluate the physical quality of complete pellets with the addition of peanut waste and the effect of its administration on the performance of rabbits. A total of 20 local male rabbits aged 12 weeks with an average body weight of 1335.60 ± 280.53 g are divided into five groups based on body weight, and then used in this study which is performed in randomized block design (RBD). The rabbits are fed on the commercial pellets as a control diet (P0) and feed pellets containing peanut waste at the level of 5% (P1), peanut waste 10% (P2), and peanut waste 15% (P3). The results show that the physical quality of the pellets was not significantly different (p>0.05) in all treatments. Feeding complete pellets with the addition of peanut waste rabbits performances show no significant difference in performance (p>0.05) in all treatments. In conclusion, complete pellets with the addition of peanut was can resemble the physical quality of commercial pellets (control), maintain performance
Energy Metabolism of Sheep Supplemented with Complete Rumen Modifier (CRM)
Full text linkThis study aimed to examine the effect of supplementing the Complete Rumen Modifier (CRM) which consisted of 30% Morinda citrifolia leaf flour, 30% Camellia sinensis leaf dregs flour, 30% Ipomoea batatas leaf flour, 3% S. cerevisiae, 3% metionin and 3% sulfur on the energy metabolism of 18 local male sheep aged 6-8 months. The experimental feed consisted of ammoniated rice straw and concentrate (40:60) weighing 4% DM body weight. This study was subjected to a randomized complete block design (RCBD), analyzed six groups of initial weight of sheep allotted into three treatment groups: 0%, 1%, and 2% CRM of DM feed. The measured variables were energy intake (EI), digestible energy (DE), metabolizable energy (ME), energy retention (RE), and efficiency of RE to EI, RE to DE, and RE to ME. The results showed significant effects (P<0.01) of supplementing CRM in the feed on EI, DE, ME, RE, and efficiency of RE to EI, RE to DE, and RE to ME. The orthogonal polynomial test revealed that a higher dose of CRM supplementation in the feed has quadraterally increased (P<0.01) EI, DE, ME, and RE with peak points on 0,62%; 0,80%; 1,05%; 1,09%, respectively, and linearly increased (P<0.01) the efficiency of RE to EI, RE to DE, and RE to ME. It was concluded that the addition of CRM at the level of 2% was able to produce optimal energy efficiency in sheep
The Effect of Different Agroecological Zones on Body Weight Change, Litter Size, and Profitability of Bligon Goats in Bantul Regency, Special Region of Yogyakarta
Full text linkThis study aims to identify the differences in agroecological zones on changes in body weight, litter size, and profitability of Bligon goats in Bantul District, Special Region of Yogyakarta. This study involved 56 farmers consisting of 11 farmers in coastal areas (zone IV), 21 farmers in the lowlands (zone IV), and 24 farmers in hilly areas (zones I, II, and III). This study also used 120 does of Bligon goats consisting of 40 goats from each area. The farmers and Bligon goats were selected by purposive sampling technique in different agroecological zones classified based on the slope of the land. The design used was Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with the agroecological zones as a treatment factor. This study used a survey method. Data were analyzed descriptively and quantitatively using one-way ANOVA at the 5% level. The results showed that the body weight of Bligon goats from the beginning of kidding to three months or at the weaning period did not have a significant difference, and the litter size was also not significantly different. Profitability analysis using Revenue Cost Ratio (R/C Ratio) and Return on Investment (ROI) showed that farmers in coastal agroecological zones have higher profitability than those in lowland and hilly agroecological zones with a net cash flow of IDR 1,219,000, 00, R/C Ratio of 1.43, and ROI of 44.26. Based on this analysis, it can be concluded that changes in body weight and litter size of Bligon goats in different agroecological zones are the same. Based on the profitability analysis, all farmers in different agroecological zones benefit from raising Bligon goats, but the highest profitability is found in farmers in the coastal agroecological zon
Effect of Body Condition Score Limousine Crossbred Cow on Cattle Oestrus Response Synchronized using PGF2α Single Dose
Full text linkOne of the strategies to increase the cattle population in Indonesia is the AI (Artificial Insemination) method. The AI program's improvement of reproductive efficiency can use the oestrus synchronization method. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of body weight and body condition score on the oestrus synchronization response with the brand "lutelyse." This research was conducted in Senggreng Village, Sumberpucung District, Malang Regency, This research method uses experimental field experiments with a sampling technique of purposive sampling. This study took a sample of 21, aged 1,5 –5 years, synchronized with PGF2α as much as 5 ml, which was then carried out by observing oestrus behavior for 24 hours after synchronization. The results showed that, the percentage of oestrus in cows with body condition score (BCS) 4, which is 76.92%, is lower than cows with BCS 5, which is 100%. For the synchronization distance with the onset of oestrus in BCS 4 cattle, namely 3802.92 ± 1007.80 (minutes) and BCS 5, namely 4081 ± 884.91 (minutes) with the results of the conception rate of BCS 4 cattle of 38.46% and BCS 5 of 50%. Based on the results of the study, it was concluded that BCS 5 has a higher success pregnancy rate than BCS 4