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Financial Performance of Dairy Cooveratives in West Java-Indonesia During the Covid-19 Pandemic and Foot-and-Mouth Disease Outbreak
Full text linkDairy cooperatives play an important role to collect milk production from dairy farmers, distribution of milk to the milk processing industry, concentrate supply services, credit guarantees, artificial insemination and animal health services, savings and loan services, and various other services carried out by cooperatives. This condition causes the dependence of dairy farmers on cooperatives to be quite high. External factors can influence cooperative resilience, such as the Covid-19 pandemic and Foot-and-Mouth Disease (FMD). Therefore, the purpose of this study was to analyze the performance of cooperative milk production, and to the financial performance of cooperatives in the post-pandem Covid-19 period and during FMD. The method used in this study was a survey method to KPBS Pangalengan which represents large cooperatives, KSU Tandangsari which represents medium-sized cooperatives, and KPS Bogor which represents small cooperatives. The analysis method used standard cooperative performance methods through regulations of the Deputy for Supervision of the Ministry of Cooperatives and Small and Medium Enterprises (KUKM) of the Republic of Indonesia Number 06/Per/Dep.6/IV/2016 and key perfomance index to assess the financial performance of cooperatives. The results of the study showed that the performance of cooperative milk production decreased by 19.45% during the Covid-19 pandemic to the FMD as a result of the dairy cow mortality rate of 20.14%. The financial performance of dairy cow cooperatives was in the adequate category, both during the Covid-19 pandemic and FMD, but there was a decline in the ratio in all aspects of financial performance during the FMD. Thus, the performance of milk production and the financial performance of dairy cooperatives was better during the Covid-19 pandemic than during the FMD period. Therefore, strengthening milk production by providing new dairy cows and strengthening finances is very important
The Quality of Frozen Buffalo Sperm Following Sexing using Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) Column and Swim-Up (SU) Methods
Full text linkThis study assesses the impact of two sperm sexing techniques, the Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) column method, and the swim-up (SU) method, on frozen buffalo spermatozoa quality. A total of 50 straws of frozen buffalo semen were used in this study. Spermatozoa quality was evaluated before (post thawing) and after the spermatozoa sexing process. Spermatozoa trapped in BSA upper fraction, BSA lower fraction, SU upper fraction, and SU lower fraction were separately evaluated. The parameters measured consisted of spermatozoa motility, viability, intact plasma membrane, intact acrosome cap, and spermatozoa DNA integrity. The results indicated that the quality of post-thawing buffalo spermatozoa remained relatively high, with motility at 41%, viability at 64.48%, intact plasma membrane at 55.42%, intact acrosome cap at 47.12%, and sperm DNA integrity at 74.94%. However, the use of the BSA column method significantly (p<0.05) decreased spermatozoa quality in both the upper and lower fractions, resulting in motility levels of 34% and 32%, viability rates of 49.36% and 44.71%, intact plasma membrane percentages of 44.78% and 37.13%, intact acrosome cap figures of 37.58% and 33.27%, and sperm DNA integrity levels of 74.76% and 72.45%, respectively. In contrast, the application of the SU method proved effective in preserving post-thawing spermatozoa quality, yielding motility rates of 42% and 41%, viability levels of 63.62% and 62.78%, intact plasma membrane percentages of 54.42% and 54.74%, intact acrosome cap figures of 46.94% and 45.74%, and sperm DNA integrity values of 70.57% and 70.01%, respectively. In summary, after freezing, the SU method excel the BSA column method in maintaining the quality of buffalo spermatozoa post-thawing
Characteristic Morphology and Biomass Production of Napier Grass (Pennisetum purpureum) Cultivar Gama Umami Under Teak Tree (Tectona grandis) Shade in Blora, Central Java
Full text linkThis study aims to determine the characteristic morphology and biomass production of Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum) cultivar Gama Umami under teak tree (Tectona grandis) shade in teak tree forest area of Blora, Central Java. The grass was planted using stem cuttings and maintained for four months using the randomized block design (RBD) method with six repetitions in each treatment. This study consisted of two treatments, namely shade under teak tree stands and non-shade or open area as a control. Maintenance was carried out for 14 weeks with the addition of fertilizers, such as NPK (nitrogen, phosphor, and potassium) and urea. Parameters measured included plant height, leaf length, leaf width, first collar length, number of tiller, and stem diameter. After 14 weeks the plants were harvested, and biomass production data were obtained. The results showed that there were no differences in leaf length, leaf width, first collar length, number shoots, and stem diameter between under the shade and non-shade of teak trees. However, the plant height and biomass production of Napier grass cultivated in non-shade teak trees were higher than under the shade of teak trees. The finding showed that Napier grass cultivar Gama Umami could be cultivated under the shade of teak tree forest and introduce for silvopasture system in teak trees forest area
Analysis of Potential Development of Goat Farming at Bantul Regency, in Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Full text linkThe objective of study was to analyze the potential development of goat farming at Bantul Regency, in Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The research was conducted from January to April 2023. Data collection were obtained from stakeholder i.e farmers, goat traders, the Central Statistics Agency, the Food Security and Agriculture Office, the Communication and Information Office. These data were collected by using interview, survey, and direct observation. The collected data then were analyzed to calculate; population dynamics, location quotient, growth share, population pressure, carrying capacity and carrying capacity index (CCI). Analysis of the location quotient were five sub-districts which included in the base sector. Analysis of the growth share were Bantul Regency included in the leading sectors. Bantul Regency has not been experienced population pressure. The potential for feed dry matter at Bantul Regency was 82.319,68 tons dry matter/year. There was potential for the development of goats around 17.186,77 animal unit. To a large extent, the Bantul Regency area was obtained CCI values above 2 which was safe criteria. In conclusion, Bantul Regency has good potential in the development of goat. Then, the potential needs support from the government, private sector and the community
Effects of L-Isoleucine Supplementation in the Diet on the Growth Performance of Kampong Chicken at the Starter Phase (1-6 Weeks)
No full textThis study aimed to determine the effect of L-isoleucine supplementation in the diet on the growth performance of Kampong chickens at the starter phase (1-6 weeks). This study was conducted at Kefamenanu, East Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia, from May to June 2023. A total of two hundred and fifty-week-old Kampong chickens with an average initial weight of 59.03±0.52 g were used in the study. The chickens were divided into five treatments with five replications based on a completely randomized design. The diet treatments were: T0 (control feed); T1 (T0 + 0.20% L-isoleucine, NRC, 1994 for broilers); T2 (T0 + 0.30% L-isoleucine); T3 (T0 + 0.40% L-isoleucine); and T4 (T0 + 0.50% L-isoleucine). The parameters observed were body weight, weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, carcass weight, and carcass percentage. The data obtained were analyzed using variance analysis and the Duncan test. The study result showed that the groups T3 and T2 had the highest body weight (330.76±1.29; 334.48±1.47 g/bird, respectively). The highest weight gain was in group T2 (275.54±1.39 g/bird/5 weeks). Group T3 had the highest feed intake (613.15±5.79 g/bird/5 weeks) and the lowest feed conversion ratio (2.22±0.02). The highest carcass weight was in groups T2 and T3 (189.95±1.17 and 189.32±0.65 g/bird, respectively), while the highest carcass percentage was in group T2 (57.43±0.47 %/bird). The statistical analysis indicated that body weight, weight gain, feed conversion ratio, and carcass weight were affected by the level of L-isoleucine (p<0.05). In contrast, feed intake and carcass percentage were not significant. It was concluded that supplementation with 0.40% L-isoleucine to the diet of Kampong chicken resulted in optimal growth performance at the starter phase (1-6 weeks)
Characteristics of Suspesi with Different Level of Biduri Leaf Extract at a Temperature of 75C, Traditional Cheese from Nusa Tenggara Timur
No full textThe characteristics of the cheese produced are influenced by many factors, including the characteristics of the coagulant used. The characteristics of biduri leaf extract influence the characteristics of the suspesi. The research aimed to analyze the physicochemical, microstructure, and organoleptic characteristics of suspesi using different levels of biduri leaf extract given at a temperature of 75°C. This experimental study used a Completely Randomized Design with five treatments and three replications. Treatment is provided in making suspesi by adding biduri leaf extract, L1 = 2%, L2= 2.5%, L3 = 3%, L4 = 3.5%, L5 = 4%. Each level of bidi leaf extract was added at a temperature of 75°C. The variables measured were coagulation time, curd production, whey percentage, pH of curd, lactic acid percentage, water content, protein, fat, carbohydrates, L*, a*, b* color measurements, hardness, tannin content, microstructure, and organoleptic characteristics. The results obtained were that the significant effect (P0.05) on the pH of curd, water, protein, fat, carbohydrates content, hedonic quality aspects of smell, hedonic aspect of color, smell, the color of L*, a*, b*, Wi, Yi, hardness, tannin content. The microstructure there was to bond loose between protein and fat molecules. The conclusion given biduri leaf extract at different levels added at a temperature of 75°C, the characteristics of suspesi in physicochemical characteristics, organoleptic, and the microstructure of suspesi had decreased in line with the increase in the level of biduri leaf extract. The best suspesi was at a level of giving biduri leaf extract at 2%.
Enrichment of Rice Straw Silage with Sacha Inchi (Plukentia volubilis L) Meal and Sambung Nyawa (Gynura procumbens) Leaves
Full text linkFarmers in Indonesia utilize a substantial amount of rice straw to provide feed for their livestock but restricted in terms of its low nutritional value. This study was conducted with objective to evaluate the quality of rice straw silage with addition of sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L.) meal and sambung nyawa (Gynura procumbens) leaves based on physical, chemical, and microbiological properties. The study employed a completely randomized design with 9 treatments (P0: 100% rice straw, P1: 90% rice straw + 10% sacha inchi meal, P2: 85% rice straw + 15% sacha inchi meal, P3: 80% rice straw + 20% sacha inchi meal, P4: 75% rice straw + 25% sacha inchi meal, P5: P1+10% sambung nyawa leaves, P6: P2+10% sambung nyawa leaves, P7: P3+10% sambung nyawa leaves, P8: P4+10% sambung nyawa leaves) and 5 replications, incorporating the addition of sambung nyawa leaves. The variables examined include the physical quality i.e. colour, flavour, texture, and presence of mold; chemical quality i.e. pH, crude protein (CP), and crude fibre (CF); and microbiological quality i.e. lactic acid bacteria (LAB), yeasts, aerobic bacteria, and pathogenic bacteria. The results of the physical quality test indicated that the addition of sacha inchi meal and sambung nyawa leaves resulted no significant difference. On the other hand, the chemical quality showed that the addition of sacha inchi meal and sambung nyawa leaves have enhanced the rice straw silage nutritional content (p<0.05) particularly CP content by about 4 fold. The microbiological tests showed that the addition of sacha inchi meal and sambung nyawa leaves had an impact on the preservation of silage by inhibiting the growth of pathogenic microorganisms. It is concluded that the quality of rice straw silage has improved by the addition of 10-25% sacha inchi meal and 10% sambung nyawa leave
Technical Note: Silo Type for Laboratory Scale Experiment on the Silage Quality
Full text linkThe present study was aimed to investigate the effects of silo type for laboratory scale on chemical compositions, fermentation characteristics, and microbial counts of silage. Four typical silos use on a laboratory scale, consisting of transparent plastic bags (Silo A), black plastic bags (Silo B), transparent plastic bags covered with a bucket (Silo C), and transparent plastic bags covered with a sack (Silo D). All silo types were used to ensilage 5 kg Elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum cv. Mott) for 21 d. Each Silo was conducted in triplicate. After ensiling, Silo C had higher crude protein with lower ammonia compared to other Silos (p<0.05). In addition, the Silo C resulted in lower pH, butyrate, and yeast with higher lactate and lactic acid bacteria (p<0.05) compared to other Silos. Silo C had the lowest bulginess, which indicated the optimum ensiling process. The present study concluded that ensiling forage with Silo C is more suitable and recommended for laboratory scale, which can reduce the errors, especially in the nutrient loss, production of ammonia, lactate, and butyrate, and also the counts of microbes in the silage.
Physicochemical and Sensory Properties of Goat Meat Sausages Prepared With Different Levels of Goat Liver
Full text linkAnemia, a common issue among children and teenagers in Indonesia, is characterized by hemoglobin levels below normal. Iron is essential for producing hemoglobin in red blood cells, which helps prevent anemia. Innovation to provide a popular goat liver-based product that is convenient to consume and easily marketable underpins the development of this goat liver-enhanced sausage. The aim of this research was to determine the effect of partially substituting goat meat with different levels of goat liver on physicochemical and sensory properties of goat meat sausages. Sausages containing 100:0, 75:25, and 50:50 goat meat to goat liver ratios and goat meat (%, w/w) , and then added with other ingredients (tapioca flour, skim milk, garlic, pepper, coriander, salt, STPP, and ice water) were prepared and cooked for 30 minutes. The sausages were then analyzed for physical properties, including pH, texture and water holding capacity (WHC), iron content, and sensory quality. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance for a completely randomized design, and then if there were significant differences between means, they were tested using Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test. The results showed that substitution of goat liver significantly (p0.05). In conclusion, substituting up to 50% of goat meat with goat liver will improve the iron content of goat meat sausages with minimal impact on the sensory and proximate composition of the product
Utilization of Sargassum sp. to Improve Blood Plasma Minerals for Thin Tailed Weaning Ram
Full text linkThis study aimed to study the blood plasma minerals of thin-tailed weaning ram prior to administration of Sargassum sp. as a source of minerals. Research materials and methods. The use of Sargassum sp. seaweed flour. sun-drying on 16 weaned thin tailed rams, aged 5-6 months with a bodyweight of ±11.8 kg for 3 months, using a 4x4 completely randomized design (CRD) with four treatments, namely T1 = forage + concentrate + 0% minerals of concentrate, T2 = Forage + concentrate + cow booster minerals 0.38% of concentrate, T3 = forage + concentrate + Sargassum sp.5% of concentrate, T4 = forage + concentrate + Sargassum sp.10% of concentrate. The observed research variables were the consumption of macro minerals (Ca, Mg, K, and Na and micro minerals Cu, Fe, and Zn) and balance of macro minerals Ca, Mg, K. and Na and micro minerals (Cu, Fe, and Zn blood plasma before and after treatment with seaweed Sargassum sp. The results showed that the treatment had a significant effect (P<0.05) on mineral Ca consumption, Mg, K, Na, Cu, Fe, and Zn. Blood plasma minerals before treatment did not differ on Mg, Na, Cu, Fe, Zn, but had a significant effect (P<0.05) on Ca and K. The treatment had a significant effect (P<0.05) on minerals Mg, Cu, and Fe in blood plasma, but did not affect Ca, K, Na, Zn. Based on the results obtained, the use of Sargassum sp. 10% of the total concentrate with sun drying can increase the consumption of macro and micro minerals as well as increase the minerals Mg, Cu, and Fe in the blood plasma of weaning rams.