Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik
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When Solidarity is Trampled by Religious Sentiment: Outlining Indonesian Muslim Solidarity toward Rohingya Refugees
Full text linkThe Rohingya crisis in Myanmar has drawn international attention due to gross violations of human rights, which have occurred in the conflict. This condition forces the Rohingya to flee from conflict areas in the attempt to seek protection from neighbouring countries including Indonesia. To deal with the refugees, the Indonesian government, alongside Muslim organizations, have taken immediate steps in tackling the crisis. However, behind the humanitarian solidarity lays a critical problem related to the religious sentiment toward the Buddhist community in Indonesia. The sentiment that tarnished the humanitarian principles and threatened Indonesian multiculturalism showed the versatile side of identity. To provide a better understanding of identity-based conflict, this article explored how a group’s sense of collectivity can easily turn into sentiment. By conducting multiple interviews with the representatives of Muslim Organizations and also collecting secondary data related to the Islam conservative agenda, this paper aimed to outline the paradox of Indonesian Muslim response toward the Rohingya’s refugees crisis. Using Ross’s theories of identity conflict and using Galtung conception of social conflict, the findings concluded that religious sentiment in Indonesia during the Rohingya’s refugee crisis are led by blind fanaticism toward certain religious beliefs that bitterly trample the nation’s sense of solidarity
A Big Battle: The State vs. Indigenous People (Case Study in Jambi Province)
Full text linkThe change in designation of Bukit Duabelas area into Bukit Duabelas National Park in Jambi province raises a conflict between the national park official who was ruling the zonation system in the national park and the Orang Rimba people who have lived there for many years. The decision of the protected area aims to preserve the life and culture of Orang Rimba. However, zoning rules in the field are interpreted as an effort to limit space and access to the forest resources for Orang Rimba who have traditionally utilized them. This research uses a case study approach to explore the dynamics of conflict on the protected area. The results of the study show that conflicts in national park management are very dynamic because of shifting disagreement about the protection area. The conflicts began with debates about the zoning system which led into the fight for access to the park resources which were contested over the concept of national parks and customary forests. This paper argues the battle over the national park was not only about contested natural resources but also was a fight for authority and power between the state and indigenous people over the concept of park management
A Tsunami-Related Life History of Survivors in Banda Aceh, Indonesia and Sendai, Japan
Full text linkIn tsunami risk-reduction programs the survivors’ life history provides first-hand information about how they responded during and after a catastrophe. However, knowledge of tsunami-related experiences is not always systematically managed and institutionally communicated across generations. Some risk reduction programs lack of informed knowledge of tsunami-related experiences and consequently tend to be insensitive towards survivors’ life history. The aim of this paper is to examine how tsunami survivors constructed their tsunami-related knowledge and collective memories, taking the cases of Banda Aceh, Indonesia after the 2004 tsunami and Sendai, Japan after the 2011 tsunami. This paper, in particular, seeks to explore how the survivors’ experience helped to institutionalize their tsunami-related knowledge in a transferrable risk-reduction consciousness. Using first-hand interviews as well as interview recordings which were accessible online, this paper argues that in both cases of tsunami survivor cohorts, knowledge of tsunami-related experience was constructed through survival strategies and recovery processes in the aftermath of the events. Knowledge of survival strategies was constructed over time; and the longer period from the time of event, the more tacit the knowledge was. The process of knowledge construction was systematic in the Sendai case but was vernacular in the Banda Aceh case. However, in both cases the need for more engaged institutional communication between the government agencies and the people was evident
Formulation of Innovation Policy: Case of Bandung Smart City
Full text linkThe aim of this study is to describe the policy innovation of the implementation of a smart city in Bandung. Heightening urban issues are becoming increasingly complex and limited resources are available to alleviate them, making the government to continue making policy innovations in order to improve the societal welfare. The smart city policy innovation implemented by the government of Bandung is expected to solve the priority problems of Bandung effectively and efficiently. In conducting a policy innovation, special attention should be paid to several important things such as regulation, community needs, and understanding the apparatus and those who contribute in the implementation of a smart city in Bandung. With the fulfillment of several policy innovation factors, the implementation of a smart city in Bandung can be successful and solve the problems that currently exist in the city. To analyze the smart city policy innovation in Bandung, the researchers used the policy innovation instrument phase from Susanna Borras and Charles Edquist. The method used in this research is a qualitative method with a descriptive analysis method, and data collection was carried out through literature and field study (observation, interview, and documentation). The result of this research is that the smart city policy innovation in Bandung has not been successfully implemented. This can be seen from the three instruments of policy innovation that have not been implemented in the implementation of a smart city in Bandung. The three instruments are a regulation instrument, an economic financial instrument, and a soft instrument
The Role of the Ambon City’s Population and Civil Registration Office in Controlling Incoming Migration
Full text linkThe objectives of this study are to find out the role of the Ambon City’s Population and Civil Registration Office in Controlling Incoming Migration and to find out the obstacles faced by the Ambon City's Population and Civil Registration Office in Controlling Incoming Migration. This study used a qualitative descriptive research method. Data Collection was obtained through observation, interview, and documentation. Data were analyzed using data reduction, display data, and verification. Primary and secondary data were used as the sources for analysis. The informants in this study were the chief of the Population and Civil Registration Office Ambon City and the Population Monitoring and Control Division, as well as the migrants. Ambon City’s Government, through the Population and Civil Registration Office, has carried out its duties as regulated by the Mayor of Ambon Regulation No. 17/ 2009 article 14 paragraph 2, namely: Coordinating the monitoring of urbanization of population and supervising the registration of population mobility flows. The constraints faced by the Ambon City population and civil registration office, namely: Most of the population who migrated to Ambon City did not report themselves so the authorities had difficulty monitoring the flow of urbanization and monitoring population mobility; inspected and supervised residents, who have not lived in Ambon city for six months, have moved to other areas; there is no effort and awareness of people who have been examined and under supervision to change by reporting personal data to the government
Assessing the Evolution of Maritime Strategy in the Asia Pacific
Full text linkThe end of the Cold War has provided an opportunity for scholars to do an in-depth study on the concept of maritime security, especially in the Asia Pacific region. One of the most important but often neglected concepts is maritime strategy which has been developing for centuries. Maritime strategy is designed for states’ survival and to protect their national interests. Nevertheless there is no ‘one size fits all’ concept. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to analyse the similarities and differences between continental states such as the United States, and India, and maritime states such as Indonesia, Japan, Australia, and Singapore in implementing their maritime strategy. In an attempt to present the results, we have reviewed secondary data mainly from the literature written by scholars in the field. Preliminary findings suggests that countries, either continental or maritime states, designed their maritime strategy for national security reasons. States aim to survive in the unknown international political arena. However, domestic and socioeconomic factors such as economic growth, geostrategic interest as well as nature of threats, may have shaped differences among states’ maritime strategy. The emerging non-traditional threats such narcotic trafficking, terrorism and human smuggling, have contributed to the threats for many states, this further justifies the importance of maritime strategy
Millennials’ Contribution in Disaster Risk Reduction: Case Study of Tidal Flooding in Semarang
Full text linkThis research focuses on the contribution of young millennials in reducing the risk of tidal flooding along the northern coast of Semarang. Young millennials have received special attention in disaster management, and the study of digital transformations in disaster management has become more significant. The objective of this study is to examine how smart disaster responses to natural disasters, specifically the case of tidal flooding in three districts of the city (North Semarang, Genuk, and Tugu) and a district nearby Demak Regency (Sayung). To obtain comprehensive results, this research uses qualitative methods, which data collected through in-depth interviews; Focus Groups Discussion (FGD); observations; and desk studies. This study finds that Millennials’ involvement is very important due to their distance from political interests and innovatively able to offer strategies in reducing the problems caused by tidal floods. The involvement of millennials in disaster management is relevant, given that Semarang will soon enjoy the demographic bonus, i.e. have a significant percentage of its population of productive age. Lastly, this research argues that vibrant public participation in disaster management can only be possible under democratic circumstances. As the implication, the study on public active participation might help disaster risk reduction campaign
Socio-Economic Condition of Communities in Resolving Conflicts in the Bukit Tangkiling Conservation Area
Full text linkThe Bukit Tangkiling Conservation Area has great potential for natural resources, including clean water, honey bees, recreation services, and religious services. There is also potential for split stone, which had been mined by the people from the rock hills in the area. The potential utilization of these natural resources trigger conflicts between interests to maintain the function and existence of conservation areas with the interests of using split stone for the community in order to meet the development needs of the city of Palangka Raya and its surrounding regions, at the cost of damaging the existing area. As an input in managing the conservation area Bukit Tangkiling is well implemented, research is needed on the social and economic conditions of the community’s surrounding the area. The research used survey methods and respondents are determined by purposive sampling and simple random sampling, and data analysis was both qualitative and quantitative. The communities around the Bukit Tangkiling conservation area are dominated by productive age (18-56 years), Banturung Village 59.00% and Tangkiling Village 54.97%. The level of education is relatively low, Banturung Village 72.96% and Tangkiling Village 73.29%. Having low education, most of the people have difficulty in finding decent work. Aside from that, most people do not understand the function of the forest or the function of the conservation area and tend to be apathetic about the existence of the Bukit Tangkiling conservation area that must be preserved. For some of these poorly educated people, the work of mining rocks is the best alternative to meeting the economic needs of the household. Income obtained from mining rock ranges from 2-4 million IDR per month
Hoax in Modern Politics
Full text linkThe propagation of hoaxes on social media has contributed to political tension in many countries. The 2016 US presidential election provides evidence of how fake news can generate more social media engagement than real news. In multicultural Indonesia, the history of anti-communist, anti-Christian, and anti-Chinese pogroms increases the level of sensitivity and sentiment, especially when dealing with racial issues. This paper explores the role of hoaxes in Indonesia’s contemporary politics. It investigates the characteristics of hoax information circulated on social media during the 2017 Jakarta election using a memetic practice approach. This study perceives hoaxes as having acted like memes in terms of the ways in which they dismantle existing source material to tap into ideas or sentiments people connect with. Hoaxes as memes alter original items into new forms of artifacts, with new messages that resonate with existing beliefs in society. Consequently, hoaxes can create a culture based on a shared belief among the community and, in the era of increasing polarization, a hoax has the potential to be a means of political partisanship. However, with the tendency to overpower the truth and lead people away from believing facts, hoaxes can be a threat to participatory democracy.The propagation of hoaxes on social media contributed to political tension in many countries. The 2016 USA presidential election provides evidence for how fake news has generated more social media engagement than real news. In multicultural Indonesia, the history of anti-communist, anti-Christian, and anti-Chinese pogroms increases the level of sensitivity and sentiment, especially when dealing with racial issues. This paper explores the role of hoaxes in Indonesia’s contemporary politics. It investigates the characteristics of hoax information circulated on social media during the 2017 Jakarta election using memetic practice approach. This study perceives hoaxes as having acted like memes in the ways in which they dismantle existing source material to tap into ideas or sentiments people connect with. Hoaxes as memes alter original items into new forms of artifact with new messages that resonate with existing beliefs in society. Consequently, hoaxes can create a culture that is based on a shared belief among the community and in the era of increasing polarization, a hoax is potential to be a means of political partisanship. However, with the tendency to overpower truth and lead people to avoid believing facts, hoax can be a threat to participatory democracy