Jurnal Sumberdaya Hayati
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Pemanfaatan Tumbuhan Obat oleh Suku Togutil di Daerah Penyangga Taman Nasional Aketajawe Lolobata
Get PDFTogutil is an indigenous tribe that lives in buffer zone of the Aketajawe Lolobata National Park (ALNP) Halmahera Island, North Maluku. This tribe still uses medicinal plants to treat diseases and health care due to limited access to the modern health care. This study aimed to identify the biodiversity and utilization of medicinal plants, as well as to analyze the index of cultural significance of the medicinal plants based on the traditional knowledge of the Togutil tribe. This research was conducted from June to November 2016. The research was conducted in 3 villages by interviewing 3 key informants and 36 respondents. The cultural significance of the medicinal plant species was analysis based on its quality, intencity, and exclusivity value. The result shows that the Togutil tribe use 69 species of medicinal plants for treating 45 categories of diseases. They are mostly used as medicine are leaves (43 species). There are several ways to use the medicinal plants, including smearing, dripping, in taking per oral and per nasal. Gluta renghas is the most important
Efektivitas Ekstrak Etanol Biji Pinang Terhadap Densitas GLUT4 pada Sel-Sel Otot Rangka Mencit yang Terinduksi Hiperglikemia
Get PDFBetel nut (Areca catechu) was proven to have antihyperglycemic activity through increased PI3K pathway in the GLUT4 translocation in cells. However, research on the ethanol extract of betel nut in Indonesia is still limited. The main problem in this study was whether the ethanol extract of betel nut could improve glucose tolerance in a two-hour postprandial period and whether the ethanol extract of betel nut could induce GLUT4 translocation in skeletal muscle cells of mice induced hyperglycemia. Glucose tolerance test results showed that treatment of the ethanol extract of betel nut for 24 days with all doses tested: P50,100,150,200 and 250 mg/kg body weight could improve glucose tolerance in a two-hour postprandial period. The protein electrophoresis of that fasting and one hour postprandial state treatments resulted an increase in GLUT4/βActin density ratio of P250 group compared to negative and positive controls. In this case, GLUT4/βActin density ratio of P100,P200 and P250 were higher than that GLUT4/βActin density ratio of P50 and P150. Increased in GLUT4/βActin density ratio showed enhancement of the GLUT4 in skeletal muscle cells in fasting and one hour postprandial state after treated with ethanol extract of betel nut.
Karakterisasi Enzim Pendegradasi AHL dari Bacillus cereus INT1c dan Bacillus sp. NTT3a
Get PDFSome of Gram-negative bacteria perform a phenomenon called quorum sensing (QS) to activate certain phenotypes such as pathogenicity. The bacterial cells performing QS produce N-acyl homoserine lactone (AHL) as signal molecules to communicate within a population. These molecules can be degraded by the enzyme, i.e. AHL lactonase. This study aimed to characterize the activity of AHL lactonase from Bacillus cereus INT1c and Bacillus sp. NTT3a in different pH and temperature levels. Both strains produce AHL-lactonase that could be found in intracellular and extracellular extracts. The dialysis process of extracellular AHL-lactonase of INT1c significantly increased the specific activity from 5.91 to 29.96, different from an extracellular enzyme of NTT3a that slightly increased from 4.08 to 5.39. Generally dialyzedAHL-lactonase of both B. cereus INT1c and Bacillus sp. NTT3a had activity in wide pH range with better activity in acidic pH and were not stable in high temperature with the highest activity at 30-40 oC.
Sponge-Associated Actinobacteria: Morphological Character and Antibacterial Activity against Pathogenic Bacteria
Get PDFSponge-associated actinobacteria may diverse and have potency to produce bioactive compounds. Diversity and antimicrobial activity of indigenous sponge-associated actinobacteria isolated from the marine ecosystem in Indonesia have not much been explored. This work aimed to assess morphological and antibacterial activity of sponge-associated actinobacteria. The morphological characteristics were examined based on their color of aerial and substrate mycelia, and pigmentation, while antibacterial activities were assayed using the antagonist technique. The selected actinobacterial isolate was identified using 16S rRNA gene. Various sponge-associated actinobacteria were successfully isolated from Hyrtios sp., Callyspongia sp., and Neofibularia sp. sponges. A total of 62 actinobacterial isolates were obtained, and each isolate showed a variety of morphological characters, which could be seen in aerial mass color, substrate mass color, and pigmentation. Actinobacterial isolates were tested against human pathogenic bacteria, i.e. Staphylococcus aureus and Methicillin-Resistant S. aureus, representing Gram-positive, and Escherichia coli EPEC K1-1 and Shigella dysenteriae, representing Gram-negative. Most of actinobacterial isolates had antimicrobial activities at least against one of pathogenic bacteria. High activity was shown by NOHa.2, isolated from Neofibularia, and HRHa.5 isolated from Hyrtios. The NOHa.2 showed the highest antimicrobial activity against S. dysenteriae, meanwhile, HRHa.5 showed antimicrobial activity against 3 of 4 tested bacterial pathogens. These data showed diversity of sponge-asccociated actinobacteria from marine ecosystem in Indonesia, and several of them have potency as source of antibacterial compound
Potensi Limbah Cair Industri Tapioka sebagai Media Pertumbuhan Starter Bakteri Asam Laktat Pediococcus pentosaceus E.1222
Get PDFFermentation of Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) Pediococcus pentosaceus can improve the quality of food and its shelf life. Using commercial LAB specific media, de Man Rogosa and Sharpe (MRS) for growth on industrial scale application is not efficient. Tapioca wastewater (TW) still contains some of the nutrients needed for the growth of P. pentosaceus, but needs the enrichment of carbon sources (5% of glucose) and nitrogen sources (ammonium sulfate). This study aimed to use tapioca industrial wastewater with the addition of glucose and ammonium sulfate as an alternative growth media for lactic acid bacteria P. pentosaceus E.1222. The results showed that glucose and nitrogen had no significant effect on the number of bacterial colonies. The highest substrate efficiency was tapioca wastewater (86.81%), MRS broth (53.73%), and TW with 5% of glucose and 1% of ammonium sulfate (43.53%) respectively. Maximum growth rate (μmaks) was found in TW with 5% of glucose and 1% of ammonium sulfate (0,52 hours-1). Increasing the starter volume until 1000 mL in TW with 5% of glucose and 1% of ammonium sulfate showed a slight decrease in the log number of bacteria from 8,836 (50 mL), 8,401 (500 mL), to 8,063 (1000 mL).
Potensi Seduhan Limbah Baglog Jamur Tiram (Pleurotus ostreatus) dalam Menekan Populasi Radopholus similis dan Meloidogyne spp. pada Tanah Asal Perakaran Tanaman Lada (Piper nigrum L)
Get PDFIndonesia is one of the largest pepper producing countries in the world. One of the pepper-producing provinces in Indonesia is the Bangka Belitung Islands (Babel). However, the infection of Radopholus similis and Meloidogyne spp. which causes yellow disease becomes one of obstacles in pepper cultivation in Babel. Thus, alternative solution to overcome this yellow disease is by reducing the amount of nematode inoculum of R. similis and Meloidogyne spp. in soil. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of the infusion of oyster mushrooms baglog waste enriched with molasses to control the population of R. similis and Meloidogyne spp. and to increase the population of rhizobacteria. Infusion of oyster mushrooms baglog waste was mixed with 1% of molasses and was poured into soil obtained from the pepper plant roots. The concentrations used were 10%, 20%, 30% and 50%. Population of phytonematode, rhizobacteria, proteolytic bacteria, and group of fluorescence bacteria were calculated before and 7 days after treatment. Results showed that the populations of R. similis and Meloidogyne spp. in the soil poured with the influsion of oyster mushroom baglog waste decreased by 29.11% (R. similis) and 24.61% (Meloidogyne spp.), compared to the before and control treatments. The suppression of nematode population was found to be the highest in the influsion treatment at concentration of 50%. Overall, treatment of all concentrations succeeded to increase the population of rhizobacteria, proteolytic bacteria, and group of fluorescence bacteria in soil. Moreover, the highest increase was found in soil treated with concentration of 50%. This study provided new information that the infusion application of oyster mushrooms baglog waste enriched with molasses had the potential to increase the population of rhizobacteria and suppress the amount of pathogens R. similis and Meloidogyne spp.
Formula Media Pertumbuhan Bakteri Asam Laktat Pediococcus pentosaceus Menggunakan Substrat Whey Tahu
Get PDFThe lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and its lactic acid are commonly used to preserve the food and to extend the food’s shelf life. MRS media is a growth medium for LAB, but it is not feasible for industrial scale application. Cheaper substrate from agriculture products is therefore required, such as tofu whey, which is potential to be used as LAB medium. Tofu whey contains important components to support the LAB growth, but it needs C source (5% of glucose) and nitrogen source (1% ammonium sulphate or urea) supplementations. This study aimed to investigate the influence of N-source to Pediococcus pentosaceus growth and its capability in producing acid compounds. The result showed that addition of urea increased pH fermentation, contrarily to that ammonium sulphate supplementation. The highest bacterial growth rate (μmaks) was observed on media with urea (0.43 jam-1), while the highest acid production was occured on media with ammonium sulphate (9.13 mg/mL). Supplementation of ammonium sulphate and urea on tofu whey highly supported the growth of bacterial population for about 6.5 × 108 CFU/mL and 5.4 × 108 CFU/ mL, respectively, but still lower compared to MRS media (2.03 × 1010 CFU/mL).
Bacteria as Greenhouse Gases Reducing Agents from Paddy Plantation
Get PDFHigh methane oxidation activity of local isolated methanotrophic bacteria have a potent as methane gases reducing agent while combined with nitrogen fixing bacteria as paddy biofertilizer. The aim of the research was to evaluate the effectiveness of the bacteria as methane gases reducing agent and biofertilizer in paddy plantation. The research was arranged in a completely randomized design consisted of fertilizer types and watering system treatments with four replicates. The research showed that paddy shoot length was not affected by the treatment. On the other hand, both plant freshand dry weight, as well as the number of productive tiller were affected by interaction of fertilizer types and watering system. Fertilizer types affected grain per panicle and methane flux after fertilization. In the end of paddy vegetative stage, bacterial fertilizers were capable to reduce methane emission in different rate. The different result in methane flux was likely due to the interaction between soil local microorganisms and soil chemical component.
Perilaku Harian Pachliopta aristolochiae Betina di Museum Serangga dan Taman Kupu Taman Mini Indonesia Indah (MSTK TMII)
Get PDFPachliopta aristolochiae plays important role in the ecosystems. Their role as pollinators can be observed from their daily behaviors. This study aimed to observe the behaviors of butterfly P. aristolochiae as well as their food preferences on daily basis. This research was conducted at the Museum of insect and butterfly of Taman Mini Indonesia Indah. Observations were done in two female individuals based on scan sampling method. Behavior was observed according to perching, flying, nectaring and interaction activities. Our results indicate that P. aristolochiae mostly showed flying ( 35.9%) and nectaring (30.6%) activities. On the other hand, interaction (9.3%) was among the least behaviors observed during the study. Nectaring activity was mostly shown within 08.00 - 09.40 am, while perching was observed throughout the day within 11.00 - 16.00. During observation, P. aristolochiae was recorded in visiting various plants, including Ixora sp., Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, Clerodendrum japonicum, Ochna serrulata, Jatropha curcas and J. integrifolia.
Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Galur-Galur Padi Toleran Fe Generasi F8 Hasil Persilangan IR64 x Hawara Bunar di Lahan Pasang Surut, Banyuasin, Sumatera Selatan
Get PDFUtilization of marginal lands such as tidal land should be done to increase rice production as a solution of the decreasing productive land. However, rice cultivation in such land will be affected by low soil fertility, soil acidity and Fe toxicity. Fe-tolerant varieties are needed to overcome those problems. The objective of the research was to analyze the growth and production of Fe tolerant rice lines in tidal soil type C, Banyuasin, South Sumatera. Screening for Fe-tolerant character of 54 rice lines from the F8 RIL population derived from a cross between rice var. IR64 and var. Hawara Bunar using hydroponic technique under 1000 ppm Fe resulted 25 Fe-tolerant lines. The field test of 25 putative tolerant rice lines, at the tidal land in Banyuurip, Banyuasin, showed that the most lines grew better than that of var. Hawara Bunar parent. Several lines produced yield higher than that of var. Hawara Bunar parent. The field experiment resulted two rice lines, which were IRH108 and IRH195 that potential for further studies.