Jurnal Sumberdaya Hayati
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Pembersihan Isi Sel Akar dan Jenis Warna Tinta untuk Deteksi Cendawan Mikoriza Arbuskula: Clearing of Root Cell Content and Types of Ink Stain for Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Detection
Get PDFArbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi form mutualistic symbiosis with root of host plant. Staining technique to detect AM fungi usually used hazardous chemical. The ink stain and vinegar were used as an alternative technique to replace trypan blue and lactic acid in root staining method. This study aimed to determine time for clearing root cell contents and ink stain type to visualize the best AM fungal structures within the root observed under light microscope. Pueraria phaseoloides var. javanica roots colonized by AM fungi were cut into 1 cm long, cleared in KOH solution and stained. Four clearing time were done vis 5, 10, 15 and 20 minutes, and four stains were used namely Shaeffer black ink, Parker Quink blue ink, blue stamp ink, and trypan blue. Twenty stained roots were taken randomly from each tratment, and observed. Root clearing process for 20 minutes showed the best result. Only Shaeffer black ink and trypan blue produced clear structure of external hyphae, internal hyphae, vesicles and arbuscules. Arbuscular structure stained only by Shaeffer black ink and trypan blue. This indicated that Shaeffer black ink could be used as an alternative stain to detect AM fungi within the root of host plantArbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi form mutualistic symbiosis with root of host plant. Staining technique to detect AM fungi usually used hazardous chemical. The ink stain and vinegar were used as an alternative technique to replace trypan blue and lactic acid in root staining method. This study aimed to determine time for clearing root cell contents and ink stain type to visualize the best AM fungal structures within the root observed under light microscope. Pueraria phaseoloides var. javanica roots colonized by AM fungi were cut into 1 cm long, cleared in KOH solution and stained. Four clearing time were done vis 5, 10, 15 and 20 minutes, and four stains were used namely Shaeffer black ink, Parker Quink blue ink, blue stamp ink, and trypan blue. Twenty stained roots were taken randomly from each tratment, and observed. Root clearing process for 20 minutes showed the best result. Only Shaeffer black ink and trypan blue produced clear structure of external hyphae, internal hyphae, vesicles and arbuscules. Arbuscular structure stained only by Shaeffer black ink and trypan blue. This indicated that Shaeffer black ink could be used as an alternative stain to detect AM fungi within the root of host plan
Komposisi Jenis dan Struktur Vegetasi Tepi Hutan, Taman Nasional Gunung Ciremai, Jawa Barat: Floristic Composition and Vegetation Structure in The Edge Forest, Mount Ciremai National Park, West Java
Get PDFMount Ciremai National Park has a high ecological function as a major catchment and water source areas. The objective of this research was to obtain information on floristic composition and structure in the edge forest of Seda Block, Mount Ciremai National Park. To carried out the research, the method used in the analysis vegetation was quadrat transect at an elevation of 602-614 m asl. The results showed that species composition dominated by the families of Euphorbiaceae and Moraceae, consisting of 3 stratas of heading A to C where strata A occupied by Elaeocarpus sp. (40 m) and Ficus involucrata (30 m). Ficus involucrata has the widest heading cover on the observation plot. The condition of the forest quantitative structure generally demonstrates good conditions by forming a reversed J curve, as well as a relatively moderate diversity of plant species and there are no species of plant that dominate the forest edges
Aplikasi Trigona (Tetragonula) laeviceps sebagai Agen Penyerbuk pada Sistem Tumpang Sari Buncis dan Tomat di dalam Rumah Kaca
Get PDFGreenhouse is widely applied to provide protection against pest and harsh environment condition and most farmers usually planted mixed crops inside. However, this system creates an isolation to pollination which responsible for fruit production. In this study, local domesticated stingless bees, Trigona (Tetragonula) laeviceps, was applied as pollinator for two crops, beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.) planted as mixed crops inside greenhouse. The benefit of the bees was measured as pollination success and quality of the crops produced (size and weight). Tomato flowers received no visit from both wild pollinators (all was Apis cerana) and stingless bees while in bean flowers, A. cerana exhibited more and longer visits to flower than T. laeviceps albeit lower number of flowers visited. The pollination efficiency between wild pollinator and T. laeviceps for beans (both at 41%) while self pollination produced better pollination efficiency for tomatoes planted at open field (84% compared to 71%). Beans planted at open field produced better products (bigger size and heavier) while tomatoes produced lesser quality although the differences were not significant. Based on this study, T. laeviceps may applied as pollinator agent in greenhouse and for mixed crops of beans and tomatoes
Daerah Jelajah dan Penggunaan Ruang Kukang Jawa (Nycticebus javanicus) Di Taman Nasional Gunung Halimun Salak, Jawa Barat
Get PDFJavan slow loris (Nycticebus javanicus) is a slow moving nocturnal prosimian primate. Javan slow lorises are considered critically endangered by International Union for the Conservation of Nature. To date, there is limited source information available regarding wild loris ecology and behavior. In this study, home range areas and use space of wild Javan slow loris was carried out in Mount Halimun-Salak National Park. This study aims to measure home range size and to analyze activity budgets in natural forest conditions. Kernel Home Range methods were used to analyze home range areas, while Point Centered Quarter methods were used to collect habitat data, and five minute Instantaneous-Focal Animal Sampling was used to observe and record behavioral data. Two adult female lorises were observed. Analysis showed contiguous home range sizes of 5.43 and 5.58 hectares for Individuals I and II, respectively. These home ranges were larger than that reported in Malaysian Nycticebus coucang. Behavioral analysis showed that daily activities were dominated by travel, feeding, active, and foraging, which took place primarily in the lower canopy stratum, whereas sleeping typically occurred in the medium canopy stratum. The use of space of Javan slow loris correlated with height, substrat, contact, and size of branch
Jenis-Jenis Tumbuhan Parasit dan Persebarannya di Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB) Kampus Ganesha: Parasitic Plants and Their Distributions at Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB) Ganesha Campus
Get PDFParasitic plants are a group of plants that live and have a broad ecological distribution which in general attack trees, shrubs or herbs to be used as a host. Some parasitic plants attacked some plants in Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB) Ganesha Campus, Bandung. Exploration and collection of these parasitic plants in this area are conducted. Three parasitic plants species, such as Cuscuta australis, Scurrula parasitica, and Dendrophthoe pentandra are recorded and they attack 7 other plants species in ITB Ganesha. S. parasitica is reported as the highest population species to parasiting 5 plants species, while C. australis only parasiting 3 plants species and D. pendantra is parasiting 4 plants
Genetic Variation Analysis of Hevea brasiliensis Genotype Population of In Vitro Micro-Cutting Culture by RAPD Marker
Get PDFThe rubber seeds are insufficient for producing rootstocks to rubber grafting. It can be overcome by an in vitro micro-cutting culture technique developed in the Indonesian Research Institute for Biotechnology and Bioindustry (IRIBB). However, the origin clone of 57 rubber genotypes used as an explant source in vitro micro-cutting culture is not recognized. The study was to investigate the 57 genotypes that came from mixed GT 1, PB 260, and RRIM 600 as parent clones. We investigated using seven primers of Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD), i.e., OPA 02, OPA 07, OPA 15, OPB 04, OPC 05, OPC 11, and OPC 20. The qualitative analyzed by electrophoresis 1% gel agarose. A total of 47 DNA fragments produced with an average of 7 fragments per primer. OPA 02 generated of 13 fragments, whereas OPB 04 only one fragment. The DNA fragment pattern shows the presence of polymorphism. The genetic similarity coefficients obtained in the range of 62-96%. The highest genetic similarity (96%) is genotype 70 and 78. It recognized that 42 genotypes from 57 rubber genotypes had the closest relationship with PB 260 clones. Furthermore, six genotypes had a significant growth response as an explant in vitro micro-cutting culture
Additional nest structures and natural enemies of stingless bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Meliponinae)
Get PDFStingless bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) are widely distributed in tropics and subtropics areas. Now these bees are farmed by the human because they produce honey and propolis. Natural enemies can disturb the colony that affects to nest structure and productivity of these bees. This study aimed to study the common nest structure and additional nest structure of stingless bees which caused by natural enemies. This research was conducted from August to November 2015. Samples were taken from three locations, i.e, Pasuruan (East Java), Tasikmalaya (West Java), and Rangkasbitung (Banten). Descriptive analysis was used to compare the structure and composition of the nest in bamboo and additional nest structures in relation with natural enemies. Generally, the structure and composition of the nest of stingless bees in bamboo consist of nest entrance, storage pots (honey and pollen), and brood cells. We didn’t found natural enemies of stingless bees in Pasuruan and Tasikmalaya and these colonies did not create additional nest structures. In contrast, the colonies in Rangkasbitung created additional nest structures i.e. the inner entrance covered by batumen and cerumen and also build a root-like structure. Natural enemies found in the colony at Rangkasbitung were cockroaches (Blattodea: Blattidae), histerid beetles, Platysoma leconti (Coleoptera: Histeridae), nitidulid beetles, Carphophilus sp. (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae), and ants, Pheidole sp. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Potensi Cendawan Endofit Asal Jahe Merah (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) untuk Mengendalikan Cendawan Patogen Candida albicans In Vitro: Potency of Endophytic Fungi Isolated From Zingiber officinale Roscoe to Control Pathogenic Fungus Candida albicans In Vitro
Get PDFEndophytic fungi isolated from red ginger (Zingiber officinale) can inhibit growth of Fusarium oxysporum, but the ability of the fungi to control Candida albicans as human pathogen has not been reported. The aims of this research were to study the mechanism of ten endophytic fungi isolates derived from red ginger to control C. albicans in vitro using dual culture methode and fungal extract, and to determine fungal bioactive chemical groups produced by the fungi. Three out of ten isolates tested, Talaromyces assiutensis JMa 7, T. assiutensis JMbt 3, and Curvularia affinis JMbt 9 inhibited growth of C. albicans with inhibition zones were 4.0 mm, 4.9 mm, and 11.3 mm, respectively. The cultures of the three potential endophytic fungi were extracted by maceration method using 3 solvents i.e ethyl acetate, n-hexane and ethanol. The three isolates were grown in PDB separately for 21 days incubation. At harvest, the culture filtrate was extracted by ethyl acetate and n-hexane, while fungal mycelia were extracted by all the three solvents. Ethyl acetate extracts obtained from culture filtrate of all the three fungal isolates consistently inhibited C. albicans with inhibition zones were 2.0-3.8 mm. For n-hexane extract, however, only Talaromyces assiutensis JMbt 3 that had positive effect with inhibition zone was 2.0 mm. All extracts from mycelia did not have any effects on C. albicans. The ethyl acetate extract of T. assiutensis JMbt 3 was analysed to determine its chemical groups using visible color on thin layer chromatography (TLC). The results showed that the bioactive compounds was terpenoids, and antioxidant
Catatan Diversitas Jamur di Salah Satu Pulau Terluar Republik Indonesia: Notes on the Diversity of Macrofungi at one of the Outermost Islands in the Republic of Indonesia
Get PDFMarore Island (Province of North Sulawesi) is one of the outermost island in Indonesia. The island is located at the borderline within the Philippines. Till date, there is no publication about islands macrofungi diversity from this island. In fact, the diversity of macrofungi has the potency to support the development of global bioeconomic in Indonesia. The purpose of this study is to make an inventory list of macrofungi on Marore Island in order to enhance the potential in the future. A total was of 22 mushrooms from 13 genera were obtained from this study which were divided into two phylums, namely Basidiomycota and Ascomycota. The identification results confirmed the species obtained: Ganoderma sp.1, Ganoderma sp.2, Ganoderma sp.3, Ganoderma sp.4, Ganoderma sp.5, Ganoderma sp.6, Trametes sp.1, Trametes sp.2, Trametes sp.3, Pycnoporus sp.1, Pycnoporus sp.2, Polyporus sp., Daedalea sp., Lentinus sp., Marasmius sp.1, Marasmius sp.2, Schizophyllum sp., Panellus sp., Tricholoma sp., Phallus sp., Dacryopinax spathularia, and Daldinia sp
Suku Phyllanthaceae pada Rawa Bakau dan Tambak di Telang Asri, Kabupaten Bangkalan, Pulau Madura: Phyllanthaceae of Mangrove Swamp and Fishpond in Telang Asri, Bangkalan Regency, Madura Island
Get PDFMadura island is known as a mixed deciduous forest area with dry seasons and limestone soil. The island has unique plant species compared to the mainland Java. However, most of the mangrove forest areas have been converted into ponds and housing. One of the remaining mangrove swamps is located at Telang Asri village, Kamal Subdistrict, Bangkalan Regency. Several species of mangroves have been reported here, along with other groups of plants from the Phyllanthaceae family, found numerously at the time of observation. In 1963, CA Backer and RC Bakhuizen van den Brink Jr. have already listed 16 species of Phyllanthaceae from Madura Island. Since then, the updated information on the Phyllanthaceae of Madura has not been available. Therefore, this study aimed to collect the members of Phyllanthaceae family in the mangrove swamp areas of Telang Asri village. The field study was carried out using the exploratory method, while specimen preparation was conducted in Herbarium Bandungense (FIPIA). In this study, seven species were collected from Telang Asri, namely Glochidion littorale Blume, G. zeylanicum (Gaertn.) A. Juss., Phyllanthus amarus Schumach. and Thonn., P. debilis Klein ex Willd., P. reticulatus Poir., P. urinaria L., and P. virgatus G. Forst