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Can the enteric nervous system be an alternative entrance door in SARS-CoV2 neuroinvasion?
No full textIl Laboratorio di Fisica I - Metrologia- Analisi dei dati - Meccanica - Termodinamica
No full textCorso di metodologie di misura ed analisi dei dati per il laboratorio di meccanica e termodinamica per studenti dei corsi di laurea in Fisica, Matematica, Chimica ed Ingegneri
How sensory sensitivity to graininess could be measured?
No full textConsidering the lack of the literature and the need for developing a valid method to measure the texture sensitivity, in this study, we investigated the individual sensitivity to discriminate among different levels of graininess. With this purpose, five samples of cocoa-based creams were prepared, by changing the refining time. Samples were first characterized in terms of particles size distribution, by means of laser diffraction. Then, 59 subjects evaluated the cream sample graininess intensity, by using gLM scales, and their liking, by using LAM scales. The graininess scores of each subject were fitted with a power model, already observed with the instrumental results, estimating both the power law exponent and the R2 coefficient, and using them as clustering parameters. Subjects were then clustered into three groups: high sensitivity; moderate sensitivity; low sensitivity. First, as it was hypothesized, results showed a significant difference between the three groups in terms of perceived graininess. Second, even though results showed a significant difference between the three groups in terms of perceived graininess, only little differences were found in terms of liking scores. Indeed, all the samples were equally liked for both the moderate and low sensitivity groups, whereas a significant trend was observed for the highly sensitive subjects who liked more the most refined samples. No significant relationships were found with age, and only a little trend was observed with gender: females seemed to be more sensitive than males. Texture attributes discrimination ability, as for example sensitivity to graininess, could affect food rejection or preferences and choice, but it is poorly investigated. This exploratory study, proposes a method to cluster consumers, based on their sensitivity. A statistical methodology has been developed to discriminate among consumer sensitivity levels. The results provide useful information about graininess sensitivity suggesting that the used methodologies could be applied to other texture properties resulting in a valid tool for the industry in the development and optimization of tailored new products
The Heat Island as a Result and Cause of Environmental and Social Degradation: Two Different Settlements in the Town of Afragola of the Metropolitan City of Naples
No full textThe Salicelle District is one of the interventions carried out under emergency conditions as part of the extraordinary plan for the earthquake that struck Campania in
November 1980, producing nearly 300,000 homeless. Built entirely between 1982
and 1993, the Salicelle District is located in the municipality of Afragola in the
north area of Naples, connected to the metropolitan city through the Median Axis
that crosses the entire northern periphery in an east-west direction.
The district was built for 7000 inhabitants in apartments of different sizes according to the urban planning standards of the time, but in reality, the accommodations
are currently overpopulated, and many rooms located on the street level, originally
intended for commercial activities, have been illegally occupied and used as dwellings. Under these conditions, today the total number of inhabitants is unspecified,
approximately estimated at around 9000 occupants in fact. The buildings for the
houses are of the court and in line type; the urban layout is structured around a
central core consisting of three squares, the parish complex, the market, the middle
and elementary school, the nursery, the urban park, the post office, the social centre
and the market; some of these activities, such as asylum and the market, are not
functioning, while the social centre has been replaced by a polyclinic to deal with
the serious health shortage of the neighbourhood
Exploring grey zone behaviours between corruption and whistleblowing
No full textLiterature on corruption and whistleblowing is increasing over the last years. However, we contend that individual reactions to a corrupt proposal could differ from the mentioned behaviours. In more detail, we contend that a ‘grey zone’ between accepting corruption and whistleblowing does exist. This paper aims at exploring what are the behaviours defining this ‘grey zone’ as nuanced behaviours adopted to react to a corrupt proposal. We draw from Miceli and Near’s process of whistleblowing to open the scope for the comprehension of grey behaviours in the decision-making process following to a triggering event. Making a case from the Italian public administration through interviews and storytelling, we explore what kind of behaviours might define the grey zone. Findings unveil nuanced behaviours configuring neither as corruption nor whistleblowing, ranging from ignoring the corrupt proposal to explicit contraposition. Also, they reveal different social and individual outcomes affecting future relationships in organizations. The findings allow to extend Miceli and Near’s process to a wider spectrum of response behaviours to triggering events such as receiving, or assisting to, a corrupt proposal. Although recognizing that some limitations might be in that the situations detected could be only a part of a possible wider ‘grey zone’, findings provide interesting implications under theoretical, practical, social, and policy making perspectives, advancing a debate on nuanced behaviours between corruption and whistleblowing. This provides a support both for organizations and policy makers for a better understanding of individual behaviours and improving actions and policies to prevent corruption and encourage whistleblowing
Prevalence of temporomandibular disorders and oral parafunctions in adolescents from public schools in Southern Italy
No full textThe aim of this cross-sectional epidemiologic study was to estimate the prevalence of temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) and oral parafunctions in Italian adolescents and to assess the associations between age, gender, oral habits, and TMD
Toxic impacts of rutile titanium dioxide in Mytilus galloprovincialis exposed to warming conditions
No full textClimate change is leading to a gradual increase in the ocean temperature, which can cause physiological and biochemical impairments in aquatic organisms. Along with the environmental changes, the presence of emerging pollutants such as titanium dioxide (TiO2) in marine coastal systems has also been a topic of concern, especially considering the interactive effects that both factors may present to inhabiting organisms. In the present study, it has been assessed the effects of the presence in water of particles of rutile, the most common polymorph of TiO2, in Mytilus galloprovincialis, under actual and predicted warming conditions. Organisms were exposed to different concentrations of rutile (0, 5, 50, 100 μg/L) at control (18 ± 1.0 °C) and increased (22 ± 1.0 °C) temperatures. Histopathological and biochemical changes were evaluated in mussels after 28 days of exposure. Histopathological examination revealed similar alterations on mussels’ gills and digestive glands with increasing rutile concentrations at both temperatures. Biochemical markers showed that contaminated mussels have an unchanged metabolic capacity at 18 °C, which increased at 22 °C. Although antioxidant defences were activated in contaminated organisms at 22 °C, cellular damage was still observed. Overall, our findings showed that histopathological impacts occurred after rutile exposure regardless of the temperature, while biochemical alterations were only significantly noticeable when temperature was enhanced to 22 °C. Thus, this study demonstrated that temperature rise may significantly enhance the sensitivity of bivalves towards emerging pollutants