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    Infrared Thermography to Locate Impact Damage in Thin and Thicker Carbon/Epoxy Panels

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    This work is concerned with the use of infrared thermography to investigate impact damaging of carbon/epoxy materials. Infrared thermography has already proved suitability to visualize thermal effects induced by impact tests, but till now it has been mainly used with thin laminates with little attention towards the thicker ones. The aim of this work is to compare thermal effects evolving on both thin and relatively thick laminates to better validate the use of infrared thermography and to get information useful for the comprehension of composites impact damaging mechanisms. Impact tests are carried out at different energies with a modified Charpy pendulum while the specimen surface opposite to that struck by the impactor is viewed by the infrared imaging device, which collects a sequence of thermal images. The analysis of the temperature variations during impact supplies information about the peak contact force, the initiation of the impact damage as well extension of delamination and of the overall impact affected zone. In addition, impacted specimens are non-destructively evaluated with lock-in thermography; the obtained phase images are compared with thermal images recorded during impact. An integration of results helps to estimate the impact damage location and its size

    Human a-L-fucosidase-1 attenuates the invasive properties of thyroid cancer

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    Glycans containing α-L-fucose participate in diverse interactions between cells and extracellular matrix. High glycan expression on cell surface is often associated with neoplastic progression. The lysosomal exoenzyme, α-L-fucosidase-1 (FUCA-1) removes fucose residues from glycans. The FUCA-1 gene is down-regulated in highly aggressive and metastatic human tumors. However, the role of FUCA-1 in tumor progression remains unclear. It is speculated that its inactivation perturbs glycosylation of proteins involved in cell adhesion and promotes cancer. FUCA-1 expression of various thyroid normal and cancer tissues assayed by immunohistochemical (IHC) staining was high in normal thyroids and papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTC), whereas it progressively decreased in poorly differentiated, metastatic and anaplastic thyroid carcinomas (ATC). FUCA-1 mRNA expression from tissue samples and cell lines and protein expression levels and enzyme activity in thyroid cancer cell lines paralleled those of IHC staining. Furthermore, ATC-derived 8505C cells adhesion to human E-selectin and HUVEC cells was inhibited by bovine α-L-fucosidase or Lewis antigens, thus pointing to an essential role of fucose residues in the adhesive phenotype of this cancer cell line. Finally, 8505C cells transfected with a FUCA-1 containing plasmid displayed a less invasive phenotype versus the parental 8505C. These results demonstrate that FUCA-1 is down-regulated in ATC compared to PTC and normal thyroid tissues and cell lines. As shown for other human cancers, the down-regulation of FUCA-1 correlates with increased aggressiveness of the cancer type. This is the first report indicating that the down-regulation of FUCA-1 is related to the increased aggressiveness of thyroid cancer

    Relazione

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    La separazione delle carriere tra il P.M. e il Giudice per l’attuazione della Costituzion

    Le regioni dopo il referendum

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    La relazione presentata ha avuto ad oggetto un'analisi delle prospettive del regionalismo italiano dopo il referendum costituzionale del 4 dicembre 201

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