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Psychology of education: Theory, research, and evidence-based practice
Full text linkA Book Review of the 'Psychology of education: Theory, research, and evidence-based practice' by Dr Janet Lord (SAGE Publications Ltd, London
“You’re trying to put yourself in boxes, which doesn’t work”: Exploring non-binary youth’s gender identity development using feminist relational discourse analysis
Full text linkThere are growing numbers of non-binary youth in the U.K. with increasing representation, whilst simultaneously forms of gender diversity are being heavily regulated. Non-binary youth face unique challenges regarding their gender development due to age-based expectations for single and stable identities, and the gender binary. This article explores the regulation of gender identity borders and how non-binary youth navigate these. 10 non-binary youth living in the U.K. aged 16-21 years old took part in semi-structured individual interviews. Feminist Relational Discourse Analysis was used to explore forms of regulation through discourse analysis whilst also tracing the personal experiences through the discursive realms by constructing I poems. The analysis highlights how a non-binary gender provides freedom from the gender binary for identity development and understanding of oneself in context. However, the freedom provided by non-binary identities is precarious and risks being regulated by individualism and attempts to shame, which cause youth to censor their gender diversities. The research contributes to non-binary theory by focusing on the intersection of age to highlight the discursive realms and voiced experiences of non-binary identity development
Evaluating the impact on Adolescents’ mental health and wellbeing: a United Kingdom inner city resilience schools programme
Full text linkBackground: This paper explores the impact on the adolescents involved in an independent second phase evaluation of a resilient schools’ programme undertaken during 2019 in inner city London borough within the United Kingdom. It was designed and implemented with the aim of educating adolescents about mental health using the following hypothesis. Hypothesis: How effective is the resilient schools’ programme in assisting adolescents develop resilience? Methods and Methodology: A total of twelve (12) schools engaged in the second phase evaluation, using a mixed method design. Quantitative surveys, a qualitative focus group and mental health awareness courses were utilised in this evaluation. Results: The quantitative analysis established that with age, social media connectedness scores increased as did the adolescents’ scores on three mental health and well-being subscales. The mental health workshops reported significant improvements in mental health knowledge and understanding. Personal confidence and an increased ability to support both themselves and others was also reported. The peer-led workshops assisted the adolescents in being significantly more likely to consider mental health a normal part of their everyday life. The qualitative analysis generated three themes: understanding and knowledge of resilience, improved mental health and resilience and engagement in strategies for support. The adolescents interviewed unanimously believed they had benefitted from resilience training, supporting the hypothesis. Discussion/Conclusion: The programme and its interventions may be beneficial in supporting the prevention of mental health issues among adolescents with good levels of wellbeing and resilience, and beneficial in providing targeted intervention among those reporting low mental health and wellbeing
The acute effects of assisted or resisted variable resistance back squat exercise on countermovement jump performance
Full text linkINTRODUCTION: Back squat warm-up activities using elastic band (EB) resistance in combination with free weight resistance (FWR) can improve subsequent countermovement jump (CMJ) performance [1], a phenomenon termed post-activation performance enhancement (PAPE). However, across the literature sub-maximal loads of 85% are commonly used, with limited research existing on the effect of lighter loads on acute performance enhancement under both FWR or EB (resisted [RES] or assisted [ASS]) conditions. The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of back squats at 50% 1-RM under two EB attachment sites (ASS and RES) and FWR alone after a task-specific comprehensive warm-up on subsequent CMJ performance. METHODS: Twenty active males (age = 24.9±3.7 y, height = 1.7±5.7 m, mass = 83.4±12.6 kg) volunteered for the study and completed three separate experimental conditions (FWR, RES, ASS) separated by 48 h following a randomised crossover design. During each condition, participants first completed initial baseline CMJ tests (BL1) followed by a task-specific comprehensive warm-up that involved 5 min of cycling, two sets of 5 bodyweight squats, 5 continuous CMJs at 70% of perceived maximum, and finally, maximal CMJs every 30 s until 3 consecutive jumps were within 3% of jump height. Baseline 2 (BL2) CMJ tests were then completed and followed by 3 back squats following either the FWR, RES or ASS protocols at 50% 1-RM with 35% of the load generated by EBs during the RES and ASS conditions. CMJs were then performed 30 s, 4 min, 8 min and 12 min later. RESULTS: Significant increases (p<0.05) in both jump height (4.6-18.8%) and peak power (5.3-10.8%) were observed across all timepoints when compared with BL1 measure in all conditions. In the ASS condition, significant increases in jump height (4.6-11.8%) and peak power (6.5-2.0%) were observed at 30 s, 4 min, 8 min, and 12 min compared to BL2. In the RES condition, significant increases in jump height (7.1-1.2%) and peak power (2.3-5.4%) were observed at 30 s, 4 min, and 8 min, and in the FWR condition, significant increases in jump height (2.2-5.7%) and peak power (1-4.6%) were observed at 30 s and 4 min. DISCUSSION: The implementation of back squats into a warm-up activity at 50% 1-RM increased jump performance when EBs were used during both the ASS and RES conditions, with the increase in jump height being greater than that observed in the FWR condition. The use of EB resistance speculatively reduces loading at the sticking point, potentially allowing for greater acceleration during the concentric phase as lower-limb joints extend at the point where more optimal muscle lengths are achieved [2].These data have important implications for warm-up design for strength and power activities. REFERENCES 1. Mina et al. (2019). Scand J Med Sci Sports. 29(3):380-392. 2. Anderson et al. (2008). J Strength Cond Res. 22(2):567-574
Covid-19 and Technologically Enhanced Trials under the Police, Crime, Sentencing, and Courts Act 2022 : Have Remote Jury Trials Shifted from Criminal Justice Fiction to Virtual Reality?
Full text linkThis chapter examines the use of technology which has been designed to enhance the criminal trial in England and Wales. It argues that buried deep in the Police, Crime, and Sentencing Act is s.200 which, through the amendment of s.51 of the Criminal Justice Act 2003, seeks to broaden the way in which video and audio connectivity are used in the criminal justice process in England and Wales. Notably, the Act empowers a judge to direct that jurors may participate in a trial remotely, but only where such an order is applied to the entire jury panel. In addition, the Act clearly paves the way for increased remote participation by counsel, witnesses, and defendants. In the midst and wake of Covid-19 such a move is, on its face, sensible. The Courts system all but ground to a halt during 2020 and 2021, adding to the already unacceptable backlog of cases and these changes may reduce the delays caused by the absence of key participants at a criminal trial. This chapter explores the extent to which an increased use of technology in the criminal trial can ensure that cases continue to be dealt with in a fair, just, and safe manner
Brief Emotional Eating Scale: A Multinational Study of Factor Structure, Validity, and Invariance
Full text linkEmotional eating or the tendency to eat in response to emotional states can be assessed using self-report measures. The Emotional Eating Scale-II is a commonly used and reliable instrument that measures the desire to eat in response to a range of unpleasant and pleasant emotions. The current study aimed to corroborate the validity of the EES-II and expand its utility by investigating its dimensionality and testing its measurement invariance in samples from English-speaking and non-English-speaking countries. Convergent and predictive validity in respect of food craving, eating, and health indicators were also examined. This cross-national study included a total of 2485 adult participants recruited from Finland, North America, Philippines, United Kingdom, China, Italy, Spain, and South Korea, who completed the EES-II in six different languages. Factor analyses supported a four-factor structure including valence (pleasant, unpleasant) and activation (high, low) for a 12-item English version and slightly modified non-English adaptations. The model exhibited good fit in all samples, and convergent validity was demonstrated. Full invariance of factor loadings and partial invariance of factor loading, intercepts, and error variances was established across samples. Structural equation models revealed that high activation (pleasant and unpleasant) states predicted food cravings and reported eating. Overall findings across multiple samples and countries supported the factorial structure, reliability, invariance, and validity of the resulting Brief Emotional Eating Scale (BEES)
Luxury Start-Ups
Full text linkMore and more luxury brands are recognizing the innovation of startups and even acquiring them for their technology and for future growth. This is all in an environment where rising affluence and mobile connectivity have created an epic shift towards more varied, complex, individualized, and meaningful forms of luxury consumption. Many entrepreneurs have risen to the challenge with their startups and their enterprises bringing fresh ideas and innovations to market. This chapter focuses on the issues that face entrepreneurs serving the luxury sector. In each section we have started by briefly outlining some theoretical constructs before we provide you with examples of the application of theory through various case studies
Exploring the Stigmatisation of Offending & Non-offending Paedophiles. A Terror Management approach.
Full text linkPaedophilic individuals are a highly misunderstood and stigmatised group, with the general public tending to equate paedophilia with child sexual abuse. Given that paedophilia is often conflated as a psychiatric/mental health disorder and an extreme violent offence, the current study examined whether the stigma towards paedophilic individuals is related to negative associations with severe mental illness and extreme violence. We also used the terror management theory to provide further insights into why paedophilia is so highly stigmatised. A sample of 126 participants were split into one of six conditions and provided punitive and moral character judgments, as well as salience of death thoughts. Conditions were divided into three main stigma conditions (Paedophilia vs. Schizophrenia vs. Homicidal ideation), which were further divided into two conditions (offending vs. non-offending). Results showed that judgments were harsher in the offending conditions than the non-offending conditions. Results also showed that the stigmatisation of paedophilic and schizophrenic individuals may be mediated by terror management processes. These findings suggest that paedophilia is believed to be associated with severe forms of mental illness where an individual is not able to control their own state of mind. Thus, addressing perceptions of dangerousness towards individuals with severe mental illness is a crucial step towards developing effective strategies to help reduce such stigma
A critical analysis of the integration of blockchain and artificial intelligence for supply chain
Full text linkThe integration between blockchain and artificial intelligence (AI) has gained a lot of attention in recent years, especially since such integration can improve security, efficiency, and productivity of applications in business environments characterised by volatility, uncertainty, complexity, and ambiguity (VUCA). In particular, supply chain is one of the areas that have been shown to benefit tremendously from blockchain and AI, by enhancing information and process resilience, enabling faster and more cost-efficient delivery of products, and augmenting products’ traceability, among others. This paper performs a state-of-the-art review of blockchain and AI in the field of supply chains. More specifically, we sought to answer the following three principal questions: Q1 – What are the current studies on the integration of blockchain and AI in supply chain?, Q2 – What are the current blockchain and AI use cases in supply chain?, and Q3 – What are the potential research directions for future studies involving the integration of blockchain and AI? The analysis performed in this paper has identified relevant research studies that have contributed both conceptually and empirically to the expansion and accumulation of intellectual wealth in the supply chain discipline through the integration of blockchain and AI
The paraglacial adjustment of an Alpine lateral moraine, Bas Glacier d’Arolla, Switzerland
Full text linkWithin Alpine catchments, glacial landforms are subject to post-depositional reworking during and following deglaciation. Ice-marginal moraines are thought to rapidly stabilise within ~200 years in this topographic context, although ice-proximal slopes are particularly prone to alteration by debris flows and solifluction. This study investigates landform transformation, documenting geomorphological change at the Bas Glacier d’Arolla, Switzerland. Gully development on a moraine slope was assessed using archive image sets obtained in 1977, 1988 and 2009 to derive historical elevation models. Raster differencing suggests that the mean rate of surface lowering on the upper moraine slope was 7.15 ± 1.83 m (± minimum level of detection) over the observation period (1977–2009), a rate of 0.22 m yr−1. The erosion of the landform resulted in an incontiguous moraine crestline. Whilst some landforms may undergo limited transformation upon deglaciation, selected sites are subject to rapid geomorphologic change, involving crestline retreat via the initial dissection by gullies, followed by the removal of inter-gully slopes
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