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Lebenszufriedenheit von Geflüchteten in Deutschland ist deutlich geringer, wenn ihre Kinder im Ausland leben
No full textFamilie hat für das persönliche Wohlbefinden eine große Bedeutung – das gilt vor allem für Geflüchtete, deren Familienmitglieder oftmals im Herkunftsland zurückbleiben. Dieser Bericht nimmt die Familienstruktur von Geflüchteten, die zwischen Januar 2013 und Januar 2016 nach Deutschland kamen, und deren Wohlbefinden erstmals detailliert unter die Lupe. Er basiert auf Daten der IAB-BAMF-SOEP-Stichprobe von nach Deutschland Geflüchteten. Insgesamt haben neun Prozent der 18- bis 49-Jährigen minderjährige Kinder, die im Ausland leben. Zwölf Prozent dieser Geflüchteten haben einen Ehepartner oder eine Ehepartnerin im Ausland. Befindet sich die Kernfamilie in Deutschland – was bei Frauen deutlich häufiger der Fall ist als bei Männern –, sind die Geflüchteten messbar zufriedener mit ihrem Leben. Diese Befunde bestätigen sich auch dann, wenn weitere potentielle Faktoren für das Wohlbefinden berücksichtigt werden. Für eine gelungene Migrations-, Integrations- und Familienpolitik sollten diese Erkenntnisse stärker beachtet werden – nicht zuletzt in der Debatte um den Familiennachzug
Judicial Self-Government as Experimental Constitutional Politics: The Case of Turkey
No full textThis article traces the evolution of judicial self-government practices (JSG) in Turkey and argues that the frequent changes in JSG are part of a broader trajectory of experimental constitutional politics. The Council for Judges and Prosecutors has experienced sharp turns since its establishment in 1961, respectively in 1971, 1982, 2010, 2014 and 2017.During this period, Turkey experienced different forms of judicial councils ranging from co-option, hierarchical and executive controlled judicial council models to a more pluralistic model. The Justice Academy of Turkey has also not been immune from this experimentalism. The article discusses the endogenous relationship between these often short-lived experiments of JSG and their impacts on the independence, accountability, and legitimacy of the judiciary and public confidence in the judiciary. The article then turns to the repercussions of JSG on separation of powers and democratic principle. It focuses on the implications of the ambiguous position of the Council in the state structure for the separation of powers, and the revived debate on democratic legitimacy of JSG after the 2017 constitutional amendments
Studying policy advisory systems: beyond the Westminster-bias?
No full textResearch on policy advisory systems has rapidly proliferated over the last decade and now focuses on advisory system change dynamics. Yet, empirical studies predominantly focus on the study of policy advisory systems in Westminster systems and it is those studies upon which theorization relies. This paper argues that this Westminster-prevalence resulted in a Westminster-bias of our understanding of policy advisory systems and directs attention to more abstract or general analytical dimensions that may be relevant for the comparative study of policy advisory systems and research on advice systems in transitional and developing countries
»Narrativ« – eine neue progressive Erzählung
No full textWas bewegt Menschen, was bringt sie als Gemeinschaft zusammen? Es sind Erzählungen, Visionen, Identitäten, die Menschen einen, die ihnen Werte und Ideen vermitteln. Große gesellschaftliche Umbrüche haben sich solcher Erzählungen stets bedient: Die Französische Revolution etwa kam ohne ihre berühmte Parole »Freiheit, Gleichheit, Brüderlichkeit« nicht aus, den verloren geglaubten amerikanischen Traum, es »vom Tellerwäscher zum Millionär« schaffen zu können, versuchte Donald Trump mit dem Slogan »Make America great again« wiederzubeleben. Willy Brandts Narrativ war das berühmte »Mehr Demokratie wagen«.
Jahrzehntelang dominierten die einander ausschließenden Ideologien Kapitalismus und Kommunismus die weltpolitische Bühne, bis der Mauerfall (zumindest letztere) zum Einsturz brachte. Kurzum: Große Erzählungen sind in den unterschiedlichsten Kontexten Antreiber von Veränderung und ideologischer Bindung gewesen. Um diese »Narrative« geht es im Folgenden. Vom lateinischen narrare (erzählen) abgeleitet, gilt die Erzählung, idealerweise die überzeugende Erzählung, als Lösung für das Problem des Auseinanderdriftens unserer Gesellschaft. Der Begriff hat sich in den Nullerjahren vom politikwissenschaftlichen Elfenbeinturm in die Leitartikel geschlichen. Mit ihm verbunden ist die Hoffnung, dass wir auch heute eine Gesellschaft nicht allein aufgrund rationaler Entscheidungen bilden, sondern etwas »Größeres« vorhanden ist, das uns verbindet
It's Not Easy Being Green: Why Voters Punish Parties for Environmental Policies in Downturns
No full textRecent scholarship asserts the existence of “luxury goods voting” arguing that voters penalize parties associated with post-material issues or those with long-run payoffs during economic downturns. We test this arguments here using data from four election studies in Denmark and Germany that explicitly ask respondents to rate parties on one particular luxury goods issue: protection of the environment. Voters who perceive the economy as weak indeed punish governing parties more severely when they associate them with environmental policies; conversely, a green reputation when the economy is expanding garners left-wing parties higher vote probabilities. Right-wing governing parties fare similarly, benefitting from those who perceive them as green when the economy is hale, albeit only converging to the vote probabilities awarded from voters who see them as less green when the economy sours
Treating Words as Data with Error: Estimating Uncertainty in Text Statements of Policy Positions
No full textPolitical text offers extraordinary potential as a source of information about the policy positions of political actors. Despite recent advances in computational text analysis, human interpretative coding of text remains an important source of text-based data, ultimately required to validate more automatic techniques. The profession’s main source of cross-national, time-series data on party policy positions comes from the human interpretative coding of party manifestos by the Comparative Manifesto Project (CMP). Despite widespread use of these data, the uncertainty associated with each point estimate has never been available, undermining the value of the dataset as a scientific resource. We propose a remedy. First, we characterize processes by which CMP data are generated. These include inherently stochastic processes of text authorship, as well as of the parsing and coding of observed text by humans. Second, we simulate these error-generating processes by bootstrapping analyses of coded quasi-sentences. This allows us to estimate precise levels of nonsystematic error for every category and scale reported by the CMP for its entire set of 3,000-plus manifestos. Using our estimates of these errors, we show how to correct biased inferences, in recent prominently published work, derived from statistical analyses of error-contaminated CMP data
Framing health literacy: A comparative analysis of national action plans
No full textPopulation and individual deficits in health literacy, and their associated negative health outcomes, have received growing attention in the political arena in recent years. In order to respond to the problem, several governments have adopted national action plans, which outline strategies to improve health literacy. Drawing on the action plans of the USA, Australia, Scotland, and Wales and applying Entman’s concept of framing, this paper analyses how health literacy debates are framed within the political arena as well as the factors that influence framing. Analysing data from policy documents and in-depth expert interviews, this paper identifies relevant frames developed to (i) define the problem of limited health literacy, (ii) provide causal explanations, (iii) rationalise why health literacy requires political action, and (iv) present solutions. The findings indicate that the malleability of the concept allows that a diversity of frames and solutions are promoted, yet risks that debates remain vague. Health literacy seems to have been successfully used to instigate political debates about health system reforms, patient empowerment, and shared decision making. The analysis suggests that health literacy might, if applied strategically, help to focus policy debates on key public health problems and the development of systemic solutions
Ten Years after the Global Financial Crisis: an Introduction
No full textWe believe the papers in this Special Issue provide important insights into critical policy issues and can help guide efforts to strengthen international economic and financial governance
