163559 research outputs found
Sort by
조선 말기 조희룡 화론의 畵意에 대한 고찰
No full text본 논문은 조선 말기를 대표하는 여항 문인화가이자 이론가인 趙熙龍(1789-1866)의 畵意를 미학적 관점에서 전통적인 문인화론과 차별되는 측면에 주목하며 살펴보았다. 조선 시대 최초의 독립적인 회화 관련 이론서를 집필한 조희룡은 그의 화론을 통해 독창적인 미학 개념들을 제시하고 있다. 그 중 중요하게 언급되는 미학적 개념인 화의는 전통 문인화론에서 살펴볼 수 있는 그림의 구상 혹은 그림을 그리기 위한 작가의 뜻, 그림에 담긴 내용 등의 의미에서 더 나아가 현실 공간으로 확장된 화의를 강조하고 있다. 조희룡의 화의는 荒山古木, 畵讖 개념과 긴밀하게 연결되어 있다. 조희룡은 유배지에서 황산고목의 풍경을 마주하며 화참을 떠올리고, 현실과 이상의 괴리로 가득 찬 유배지의 현실 공간에 이루어져 있는 이상적 畵境으로서의 화의를 깨달을 수 있었다. 이러한 현실에 실현되어 있는 화의는 한가로이 바라보는 행위로 나타나는 미적 관조로부터 시작된다. 절망으로 가득 찬 유배지에서 조희룡은 평소 화경을 통해 추구하던 이상적 삶의 경계를 현실화 할 수 있었고, 그림 속 그림이 되어 예술적 실천을 삶으로 보여주었다. 이처럼 현실을 화의의 현현으로 인식했다는 점은 전통 문인화론의 화의 개념과는 다른 조희룡만의 독특한 미학 개념이다
과두지배계급과 보잘 것 없는 사람에 대해 : 어떻게 라틴아메리카에서 자본을 이해할 것인가?
No full text원제와 출처: Mariana Heredia, De oligarquías y hombres de paja, Nueva Sociedad, No. 303, enero-febrero de 2023, pp. 27-38.부에노스아이레스의 플로리다 거리의 한 작은 호텔의 입구에 그 호텔의 이름을 새겨놓은 동판이 있고 흡연실, 이발소, 나선형의 계단, 꽃 무니의 융단이 덮인 안락의자와 은제, 도자기 접시들, 커다란 창문 앞에는 단단한 목재로 된 책상이 있다. 2001년 4월에 메일로 받은 대통령과의 접견이라는 제목의 메시지가 나로 하여금 며칠 전에 이 호텔의 문턱을 넘어서게 했었다. 그 호텔에는 아르헨티나 농촌 협회(la Sociedad Rural Argentina)의 지도부가 있었다. 거기서 나는 귀족 명문의 성을 가진 원숙하고 기운찬 사내와 천천히 얘기를 나누게 됐다. 나중에 아마 그는 나를 서재로 안내했을 것이
누가 고양이 목에 방울을 다는가? : 중앙아메리카의 엘리트와 그들의 영향력
No full text원제와 출처: Francisco Robles-Rivera e Inés Nercesian, Quién le pone el cascabel al gato?: Las elites y su poder de influencia en Centroamérica, Nueva Sociedad, No. 303, enero-febrero de 2023, pp. 39-49.코로나-19 팬데믹의 위중한 시기 동안과 팬데믹 이후 불평등의 심화는 엘리트, 그들의 영향력, 부의 집중 등에 대한 역사적 논쟁을 다시 활성화 시켰다. 엘리트와 불평등에 대한 초점은 이전 시기와 관련해서 핵심적 진전을 이루고 있다. 과거에는 불평등의 원인을 주목하는 대신에 거의 독점적으로 가난과 가장 취약한 사회부문의 상황만 연구했었다. 중앙아메리카의 경우, 엘리트에 대한 연구는 몹시 엄혹한 순간에 절정을 맞이하게 된다. 1990년대 말에, 평화와 민주적 제도의 강화가 찾아왔다면 최근에는 권위주의, 폭력, 제도의 약화, 불평등의 심화 등이 그동안 이 지역에 심어졌던 기대를 허물어트렸다
Russia's Far East Development Strategy and East Asia: Focusing on the characteristics and direction of Korea-China-Japan cooperation with Russia
No full text본 연구는 러시아의 극동전략에 영향을 미치는 대내외 요인을 검토하고, 극동지역의 산업 구조와 기존 한·중·일 3국과의 협력 특징 및 한계를 분석하여, 이를 토대로 향후 대극동 협력구도의 방향성을 고찰하고 있다. 러시아의 극동전략은 초기에는 국내적 요인에 의한 영향이 강했으나, 푸틴 3기 이후에는 대외적 요인에 더욱 크게 영향을 받는 것으로 분석되었다. 러시아는 한ㆍ일과의 협력 부진으로 협력국을 아태지역 주요 국가로 확대하는 전략적 전환을 추구하고 있으나, 여전히 동북아의 중심국인 한ㆍ일과의 극동협력 수요는 더욱 강해질 것으로 전망된다. 그러나 러ㆍ우 전쟁 이후 대러제재에도 중국과 일본은 정치적 수요와 경제적 수요를 분리해 실용적 접근을 추구한 반면, 한국은 정치적 현안 등 정적 수요를 극복하지 못하고 있어, 중ㆍ일의 중ㆍ장기적인 실용적 대극동 전략을 참고할 필요가 있다. 또한 소지역주의가 대두되면서 GVC가 DVC와 RVC로 재편되고 TVC가 대두되고 있어 극동지역-중국 간 개발 협력 심화 등 TVC 확대 가능성도 배제할 수 없다. 다만 러시아는 지나친 중국의 영향력 확대를 경계하기 때문에 한ㆍ일과의 협력 수요가 증대할 수 있다. 즉, 가치와 이념에 기반을 둔 가치사슬만이 아니라 각국과의 이해관계, 업종별 또는 동일 업종 내 각종 변수에 따른 다양한 가치사슬 형성이 나타날 수 있으므로 이에 대한 고려와 대응이 요구된다.
This study analyzes the internal and external factors that affect Russia's Far East strategy and the characteristics and limitations of cooperation with the three countries of Korea, China, and Japan, and based on this, considers the direction of the future cooperation structure in the Far East. Russia's Far East strategy was initially strongly influenced by domestic factors, but was analyzed to be more greatly influenced by external factors after Putin's third term. Russia is pursuing a strategic shift to expand its partner countries to major countries in the Asia-Pacific region due to poor cooperation with Korea and Japan, but the demand for Far East cooperation with Korea and Japan, which are still central countries in Northeast Asia, is expected to become stronger. However, despite the sanctions against Russia after the Russo-Uzbe war, China and Japan pursued a pragmatic approach by separating political and economic demands, while Korea was unable to overcome static demands such as political issues, and was unable to overcome the mid- to long-term practical needs of China and Japan. It is necessary to refer to the Far East strategy. In addition, with the rise of sub-regionalism, GVC is being reorganized into DVC and RVC and TVC is emerging, so the possibility of TVC expansion, such as deepening development cooperation between the Far East region and China, cannot be ruled out. However, since Russia is wary of China's excessive expansion of influence, demand for cooperation with Korea and Japan may increase. In other words, in addition to value chains based on values and ideologies, various value chains may be formed depending on interests with each country, industry, or various variables within the same industry, so consideration and response are required
A plain language summary of the results from the phase 2b HERIZON-BTC-01 study of zanidatamab in participants with HER2-amplified biliary tract cancer
No full textWhat is this summary about?Researchers wanted to study whether the research drug zanidatamab could help people with a type of cancer called biliary tract cancer. In some people, biliary tract cancer cells make extra copies of a gene called HER2 (also called ERBB2). This is known as being HER2-amplified. Zanidatamab is an antibody designed to destroy cancer cells that have higher-than-normal HER2 protein or gene levels. Zanidatamab is currently under research and is not yet approved for any diseases. Participants in this phase 2b clinical study had tumors that were HER2-amplified and at the advanced or metastatic stage. Participants also had cancer which had become worse after previous chemotherapy or had side effects that were too bad to continue chemotherapy. They also had to meet other requirements to be enrolled. Researchers measured the amount of HER2 protein in the tumor samples of the participants who were enrolled. There were 80 participants with tumors that were both HER2 amplified and had higher-than-normal HER2 protein amounts (considered to be 'HER2-positive'). There were 7 participants with tumors that were HER2-amplified, but had little-to-no levels of the HER2 protein (considered to be 'HER2-low'). All participants in the study were treated with zanidatamab and no other cancer treatments once every 2 weeks. What are the key takeaways?In the HER2-positive group, 33 of 80 (41%) participants had their tumors shrink by 30% or more of their original size. In half of these participants, their tumors did not grow for 13 months or longer. No participant in the HER2-low group had their tumors shrink by 30% or more. In total, 63 of 87 participants (72%) had at least one side effect believed to be related to zanidatamab treatment. Most side effects were mild or moderate in severity. No participant died from complications related to zanidatamab. Diarrhea was one of the more common side effects and was experienced by 32 of 87 participants (37%). Side effects related to receiving zanidatamab through the vein, such as chills, fever, or high blood pressure, were experienced by 29 of 87 participants (33%). What are the conclusions reported by the researchers?The results of this study support the potential for zanidatamab as a new therapy for people with HER2-positive biliary tract cancer after they had already received chemotherapy. More research is occurring to support these results.Y
Durvalumab or placebo plus gemcitabine and cisplatin in participants with advanced biliary tract cancer (TOPAZ-1): updated overall survival from a randomised phase 3 study
No full textBackground: In the preplanned interim analysis of the TOPAZ-1 study, durvalumab plus gemcitabine–cisplatin significantly improved overall survival versus placebo plus gemcitabine–cisplatin in participants with advanced biliary tract cancer. We aimed to report updated overall survival and safety data from TOPAZ-1 with additional follow-up and data maturity beyond the interim analysis. Methods: TOPAZ-1 was a phase 3, randomised, double-masked, placebo-controlled, global study done at 105 sites in 17 countries. Participants aged 18 years or older with unresectable, locally advanced, or metastatic biliary tract cancer were randomly assigned (1:1) to durvalumab plus gemcitabine–cisplatin or placebo plus gemcitabine–cisplatin using a computer-generated randomisation scheme, stratified by disease status and primary tumour location. Participants received durvalumab (1500 mg) or placebo on day 1 of each cycle every 3 weeks for up to eight cycles, plus gemcitabine (1000 mg/m2) and cisplatin (25 mg/m2) intravenously on days 1 and 8 of each cycle every 3 weeks for up to eight cycles, followed by durvalumab (1500 mg) or placebo monotherapy every 4 weeks until disease progression or other discontinuation criteria were met. Investigators and participants were masked to study treatment. The primary endpoint was overall survival. TOPAZ-1 met its primary endpoint at the preplanned interim analysis, and the study is active but no longer recruiting participants. Updated overall survival and safety data from TOPAZ-1, with additional follow-up (data cutoff Feb 25, 2022) and data maturity beyond the interim analysis, are reported here. Efficacy was assessed in the full analysis set (all randomly assigned participants). Safety was assessed in the safety analysis set (all participants who received at least one dose of study treatment). The TOPAZ-1 study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03875235. Findings: From April 16, 2019, to Dec 11, 2020, 914 participants were enrolled, 685 of whom were randomly assigned (341 to the durvalumab plus gemcitabine–cisplatin group and 344 to the placebo plus gemcitabine–cisplatin group). 345 (50%) participants were male and 340 (50%) were female. Median follow-up at the updated data cutoff was 23·4 months (95% CI 20·6–25·2) in the durvalumab plus gemcitabine–cisplatin group and 22·4 months (21·4–23·8) in the placebo plus gemcitabine–cisplatin group. At the updated data cutoff, 248 (73%) participants in the durvalumab plus gemcitabine–cisplatin group and 279 (81%) participants in the placebo plus gemcitabine–cisplatin group had died (median overall survival 12·9 months [95% CI 11·6–14·1] vs 11·3 months [10·1–12·5]; hazard ratio 0·76 [95% CI 0·64–0·91]). Kaplan–Meier-estimated 24-month overall survival rates were 23·6% (95% CI 18·7–28·9) in the durvalumab plus gemcitabine–cisplatin group and 11·5% (7·6–16·2) in the placebo plus gemcitabine–cisplatin group. Maximum grade 3 or 4 adverse events occurred in 250 (74%) of 338 participants in the durvalumab plus gemcitabine–cisplatin group and 257 (75%) of 342 in the placebo plus gemcitabine–cisplatin group. The most common maximum grade 3 or 4 treatment-related adverse events were decreased neutrophil count (70 [21%] vs 86 [25%]), anaemia (64 [19%] vs 64 [19%]), and neutropenia (63 [19%] vs 68 [20%]). Interpretation: Durvalumab plus gemcitabine–cisplatin showed robust and sustained overall survival benefit with no new safety signals. Findings continue to support the regimen as a standard of care for people with untreated, advanced biliary tract cancer. Funding: AstraZeneca.N
Clinicopathological analysis of claudin 18.2 focusing on intratumoral heterogeneity and survival in patients with metastatic or unresectable gastric cancer
No full textBackground: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of claudin 18.2 (CLDN18.2) positivity, with a particular focus on intratumoral heterogeneity, and its association with clinicopathological features in metastatic or unresectable gastric cancer (GC). Patients and methods: We investigated 400 patients who received systemic chemotherapy for unresectable, metastatic, or recurrent GC. Immunohistochemistry for CLDN18 (43-14A), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), and fibroblast growth factor receptor 2, as well as HER2 silver in situ hybridization (ISH), Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) ISH, and microsatellite instability testing were carried out. CD3+, CD8+, CD4+, and Foxp3-positive immune cell densities were calculated using digital image analysis. Results: In GC cases with any CLDN18.2 expression, more than half of the cases (61.3%) showed different expression results between four different tissue microarray (TMA) cores. When comparing CLDN18.2 status between whole tissue sections and the combined results from the four TMA cores, discrepancies were observed in only 2 out of 85 GC cases (2.4%), with 1 false positive and 1 false negative. After considering intratumoral heterogeneity, a CLDN18.2 positivity rate of 31.3% was observed among the 400 GC patients. CLDN18.2 positivity was rare in GCs located in the antrum (or lower third) and in HER2-positive cases but was common in EBV-positive GCs (P < 0.05). No differences in overall survival (OS) were observed according to CLDN18.2 positivity (P = 0.116). Additionally, there was no association between OS and CLDN18.2 positivity in patients treated with fluoropyrimidine plus platinum, chemotherapy plus trastuzumab, paclitaxel with or without ramucirumab, and immuno-oncologic agents. CLDN18.2-positive/PD-L1-high GCs showed statistically significantly longer OS than others (P = 0.025) and higher CD8+ T-cell densities in both the tumor center and periphery (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Characterizing unresectable, metastatic, or recurrent GC with positive CLDN18.2 expression and evaluating intratumoral heterogeneity and prognostic implications of various therapeutics help advance treatment strategies and develop new therapies for patients with GC.Y
C-TERMINAL DOMAIN PHOSPHATASE-LIKE 1 promotes flowering with TAF15b by repressing the floral repressor gene FLOWERING LOCUS C
No full textArabidopsis TATA-BINDING PROTEIN-ASSOCIATED FACTOR15b (TAF15b) is a plant-specific component of the transcription factor IID complex. TAF15b is involved in the autonomous pathway for flowering and represses the transcription of FLOWERING LOCUS C ( FLC ) , a major floral repressor in Arabidopsis. . While components of the autonomous flowering pathway have been extensively studied, scant attention has been directed toward elucidating the direct transcriptional regulators responsible for repressing FLC transcription. Here, we demonstrate that C-TERMINAL DOMAIN PHOSPHATASE-LIKE 1 (CPL1) is a physical and functional partner of TAF15b, playing a role in FLC repression. CPL1 is a protein phosphatase that dephosphorylates the C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II (Pol II). Through the immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry technique, we identified CPL1 as an interacting partner of TAF15b. Similar to taf15b, , the cpl1 mutant showed a late-flowering phenotype caused by an increase in FLC levels. Additionally, the increase in cpl1 was correlated with the enrichment of phosphorylated Pol II in the FLC chromatin, as expected. We also discovered that CPL1 and TAF15b share additional common target genes through transcriptome analysis. These results suggest that TAF15b and CPL1 cooperatively repress transcription through the dephosphorylation of Pol II, especially at the FLC locus. (c) 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of Korean Society for Molecular and Cellular Biology. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).Y
Lithio-amphiphilic nanobilayer for high energy density anode-less all-solid-state batteries operating under low stack pressure
No full textAnode-less all-solid-state batteries (ALASSBs) offer unparalleled energy density and enhanced safety. ALASSB cells usually incorporate a protective layer on the anode current collector to stabilize lithium (Li) deposition, yet are liable to short-circuiting even at low current densities. Here we report a nanobilayer comprising tungsten (W) and magnesium (Mg) with a total thickness of 230 nm for anode protection. The upper lithiophobic (Li-insoluble) W layer induces highly dense Li deposits underneath through its high interfacial energy, whereas the lower lithiophilic Mg layer nucleates Li for uniform Li deposition. Even at room temperature and low stack pressure (2 MPa), an energy density of 1100 W h L-1 and 71.9% retention after 300 cycles are demonstrated in a pouch-type full-cell. Furthermore, the effect of lithio-amphiphilicity is validated for other Li-insoluble metals, proving the versatility of the concept. This study unveils a simple yet effective approach for short-circuit-free cycling at high current densities, a challenging achievement for ALASSBs. This study introduces a strategy for anode-less all-solid-state batteries (ALASSBs) that employs a lithiophobic tungsten-lithiophilic magnesium bilayer. This lithio-amphiphilic bilayer design allows fast charging and low-pressure operation.N
Cuff tear of endotracheal tube induced by a palatal orthodontic device during nasotracheal intubation: a case report
No full textOrthognathic surgery often requires intraoral orthodontic appliances that are fixed directly to the bone, which can complicate nasotracheal intubation if the devices protrude into the nasal cavity. This case report describes a 19-year-old man scheduled for elective orthognathic surgery who experienced recurrent cuff tears of the endotracheal tube during nasotracheal intubation due to protruding orthodontic screws in the palate. Despite initial attempts at nasotracheal intubation through the left nostril, the cuff of the 7.0 mm internal diameter (ID) Ring, Adair & Elwyn (RAE) tube repeatedly ruptured, with identical rupture patterns observed. Facial CT revealed that the orthodontic screws had protruded into both nasal cavities with significant visibility in the sagittal, coronal, and transverse views. Fiberoptic examination of the left nasal passage identified a firm protrusion below the inferior turbinate, corresponding to the location of the screw, which likely caused the cuff tears. Intubation was successfully performed via the right nostril during the fiberoptic examination. This case highlights the critical importance of evaluating intraoral corrective devices using comprehensive craniofacial imaging before anesthesia induction, as well as conducting fiberoptic examinations during intubation to avoid complications and ensure patient safety.N