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    MJO Diversity in CMIP6 Models

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    Recent studies have shown that individual Madden-Julian oscillation (MJO) events can be categorized into four types based on their propagation characteristics: standing, jumping, slow-propagating, and fast-propagating MJOs. While their structures and impacts are well documented in observations, their representation in state-of-the-art climate models has not been investigated. This study evaluates the four types of MJOs in phase 6 of Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) models. While most models show reasonable MJO propagation characteristics, their performance varies among MJO types, with better performance for the propagating MJO types. To identify the factors that drive each MJO type, background conditions at the surface, troposphere, and stratosphere are examined. We found that the standing and fast MJOs are closely associated with sea surface temperature (SST) and precipitable water (PW) distributions. Specifically, negative and positive SST and PW anomalies are observed over the equatorial Pacific during the standing and fast-propagating MJOs, respectively. In contrast, the jumping and slow-propagating MJOs do not show noticeable SST and PW distributions, suggesting that they may be more strongly influenced by the internal dynamics than by the background conditions. It is further found that the models with more frequent standing MJO than fast MJO generally have stronger negative biases in both SST and PW over the equatorial western Pacific. Although the standing MJO is also preferred when the stratospheric wind at 50 hPa is westerly, such a relationship is absent in the models. These results suggest that MJO diversity in climate models could be improved by better simulation of the mean state, especially for the standing and fast-propagating MJOs.N

    청소년의 그릿, 학업열의 및 학업성취도의 종단적 변화

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    본 연구에서는 한국아동․청소년패널조사(KCYPS)의 1차년도부터 3 차년도까지 3년간의 종단자료를 사용하여 그릿, 학업열의 및 학업성취 도의 변화를 각각 알아보았다. 또한 그릿, 학업열의가 학업성취도에 미 치는 직접적․간접적인 효과를 확인하였다. 다변량 잠재성장모형 검증 결과, 그릿과 학업열의의 변화율이 통계적으로 유의하지 않았고, 3년간 상대적으로 안정적인 모습을 나타냈다. 반면, 학업성취도의 변화율은 정적으로 나타났다. 성장요인들의 관계에서는 행복감이 그릿에 정적인 영향을 주었고, 그릿의 초깃값 역시 학업열의의 초깃값을 정적으로 예 측하였다. 또한 초기 학업열의 수준이 높은 청소년은 상대적으로 학업 성취도가 높게 나타났다. 간접효과를 분석한 결과, 그릿이 학업열의를 매개하여 학업성취도에 미치는 영향은 유의하게 나타났다. 이러한 연구 결과를 토대로 청소년의 학업성취도 향상을 위해 그릿과 학업열의 수 준을 높이기 위한 정책적 개입 방안을 시사점으로 제시하였다

    예비교사의 융복합교육 역량에 대한 국제교육실습 효과

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    본 연구는 사범대학 예비교사들이 국제교육실습과정에서 융복합수 업을 설계하고 실연하는 과정에서 융복합교육에 대한 인식과 이해에 서 나타난 변화를 분석하여 국제교육실습 경험이 예비교사들의 융복 합교육 역량에 기여하는 바를 탐색하였다. 이를 위해 실습과정에서 예비교사들이 작성한 성찰저널과 실연 협의회 녹취록을 학생, 교사, 교과, 융복합 등 융복합교육과 밀접하게 관련된 4개의 고빈도 체언 이 예비교사 담화 자료에서 어떤 어휘와 연어 관계를 보이고 있는지 를 양적, 질적으로 분석하였다. 분석 결과 본 연구의 국제교육실습이 다양한 배경의 학습자에 대한 예비교사의 다문화적 감수성을 높였을 뿐만 아니라 교과의 경계를 넘나들며 학생에게 의미 있는 학습 경험 을 제공하는 융복합적 수업 역량을 높이는데 긍정적으로 기여한 것으 로 나타났다. 분석 결과를 바탕으로 하여 예비교사들의 융복합수업 역량 함양을 위한 국제교육실습 운영에 대한 시사점을 제시하였다

    제3국 출생 탈북민 자녀들의 영어 학습 동기: 회고적 모티그래프와 면담을 통한 사례연구

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    본 연구는 제3국 출생 탈북청소년의 남한 정착 전후의 영어 학습 경험을 바 탕으로 영어 학습 동기 및 동기 저하 요인을 탐색하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이를 위해 제3국 출생 탈북민 2명을 대상으로 반구조화 면접을 실시하였으며, 이후 전 사된 인터뷰 내용은 근거이론에 기반하여 분석하였다. 이들에게는 전반적으로 남 한 정착 후 더 높은 수준의 영어 학습 동기가 발견되었다. 정착 이전의 경우, 난 이도가 낮은 영어 수업, 중학교 진학에의 열망 등이 영어 학습 동기 요인으로 작 용하였던 반면, 암기 위주의 교육 방식은 영어 학습 동기를 저하시킨 요인으로 나타났다. 정착 이후에는 취업이나 대학 진학 등 구체적인 학습 목표, 교사의 격 려, 한국 학생들과의 비교 등이 동기 요인으로 추출되었다. 그러나 영어 문법 학 습, 제3국 출생 및 체류로 인한 한국어 구사의 어려움 등은 영어 학습을 어렵게 만드는 요인으로 작용했다. 본고에서는 제3국 출생 탈북청소년들의 남한 정착 후 영어 교육 적응을 돕기 위한 실질적이며 교육적인 전략에 대해 제안하였다

    Controlled stiffness and diffusivity of poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogel formed with cellulose-nanofiber framework

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    Hydrogels composed of polymer networks are widely used in industry and scientific research for high water retention and unique mechanical properties. Nevertheless, in ordinary hydrogel formation, the trade-off relationship between stiffness and mesh size remains a crucial consideration for practical applications. This study describes a facile approach to controlling hydrogel stiffness and mesh size by hybridizing poly (ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) and methacrylated TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibers (T-CNFMA). After disintegrating TCNF by ultrasonication, T-CNFMA was synthesized resulting in a degree of substitution of 2.04 mmol/g. Incorporation of T-CNFMA in the PEGDA network allowed for independent control of hydrogel stiffness and mesh size by reinforcing the whole hydrogel network as a framework. Consequently, the swelling ratio and shear modulus could be manipulated by controlling the PEGDA/T-CNFMA ratio. Structural analyses revealed that an increase in the T-CNFMA content in the presence of a low amount of PEGDA resulted in a large mesh size with a constant stiffness. The diffusivity test was also consistent with the properties of the hydrogels. This result indicates that the incorporation of T-CNF in hydrogel network is useful to control the physical property of the hydrogel, especially for varying mesh size, regardless of stiffness alteration.N

    Highly Selective Ammonia Detection in NiO-Functionalized Graphene Micropatterns for Beef Quality Monitoring

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    Graphene has emerged as one of the most promising materials for next-generation gas sensor platforms due to its high flexibility, transparency, and hydrophobicity. However, graphene shows inherent low selectivity in gas sensing. This has led to extensive development of noble-metal decoration on graphene to modulate its surface chemistry for enhanced selectivity. While noble metals such as Pt, Pd, and Au have widely been employed to functionalize graphene surface, non-noble metal decoration of graphene has remained underexplored. Here, an unprecedented room-temperature self-activated graphene gas sensor functionalized by NiO nanoparticles and its application to wearable devices monitoring ammonia gas in daily life are demonstrated. NiO-functionalized graphene micropatterns show ultra-high selectivity to ammonia with a low detection limit of 2.547 ppt. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that the strong attraction between NiO and NH3 induced by charge depletion and the vertex region of NiO accelerate the adsorption of NH3 molecules. Furthermore, a wearable graphene device demonstrates the capability to detect ammonia emissions from beef, triggering an alarm call when a specific threshold is exceeded. This work proposes the functionalization of graphene with transition metal oxides, extending beyond the conventional noble metal decoration, and the potential utilization of the graphene for wearable devices. The sensing performance and stability of graphene is significantly enhanced by the functionalization of NiO nanoparticles. The sensor shows superior response and extremely low detection limit of 2.54 ppt, while requiring extremely low power consumption down to 8.11 mW. The NiO-functionalized graphene sensor demonstrates real-time beef quality monitoring and practical use in a wearable system. imageN

    Patterns and predictors of opioid dispensing among older cancer patients from 2008 to 2015

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    Background: Understanding factors associated with opioid dispensing in cancer patients is important for developing tailored guidelines and ensuring equitable access to pain management. We examined patterns and predictors of opioid dispensing among older cancer patients from 2008 to 2015. Methods: We analyzed data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database linked to Medicare claims. We included the most common cancer types among patients aged 66–95 years. Opioids dispensed within 30 days before and 120 days after cancer diagnosis were assessed. We used logistic regression models to examine trends, adjusted odds ratios (aORs), and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for opioid dispensing, considering patient demographics, geography, cancer stage, comorbidities, and treatment options. Models were stratified by sex. Results: A total of 211,759 cancer patients aged 66–95 years were included in the study. For cancers combined, non-Hispanic Black men had a significantly lower odds of receiving opioids during the 120 days post-diagnosis (aOR = 0.89, 95% CI = 0.84–0.94) compared to non-Hispanic White men. Factors such as pre-diagnosis opioid dispensing, age, geography, cancer stage, comorbidities, and type of cancer treatment were associated with opioid dispensing during the 120 days post-diagnosis. Surgery had the strongest association, with men undergoing surgery being 4.4 times more likely to receive opioids within 120 days post-diagnosis (aOR = 4.41, 95% CI = 4.23–4.60), while women had an odds ratio of 2.72 (95% CI = 2.62–2.83). Chemotherapy and radiotherapy were also positively associated with opioid dispensing, with less pronounced estimates. Conclusions: We observed significant variations in opioid dispensing among cancer patients aged 66-95 years across cancer types and demographic and clinical factors.N

    『천하지도』 연구(3): 산성(山城)의 역사지리적 예비 고찰

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    이 글은 『천하지도』에 포함된 산성 20곳의 이름을 개관하여 알아보고, 산성이 한국문화역사지리에서 갖는 의미를 헤아려 본 것이다. 한국의 산성 연구는 자연지리와 인문지리를 아우르는 종합지식이 필요한 분야이고, 시대를 따라 이룩된 한국인의 문화생태를 파악할 수 있는 중요한 연구분야이다. 한국의 산성은 고구려로부터 유래된 것으로 보이며, 한국의 도성은 중국과 달리 산성의 일종이라고 파악할 수 있다. 『Chŏnhajido』, Korean Atlas of World Map includes 20 names of sansŏng or Korean mountain fortresses. This paper attempts to review these names and to realize the importance of studying mountain fortresses in Korean historical-cultural geography. Through the study of mountain fortresses, historical geographers can understand the cultural ecology of the Korean people through time. It is postulated that the widely scattered mountain fortresses in the Korean landscape are a part of the heritages derived from the ancient Korean kingdom of Koguryŏ

    우리나라 생태계서비스 가치평가 및 지도화 연구동향 -2011년부터 2020년 사이의 연구사례 분석을 중심으로-

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    생태계서비스 가치평가는 인간과 생태계의 역동적인 상호작용을 양적 또는 질적으로 판단하는 절차와 과정을 포함하며, 지도를 매개로 공간관계를 도면화할 수 있다. 생태계서비스 지도화는 공간적 가치평가와 밀접하게 연계되어 있으며 생태계 지리학의 주요 연구분야에 속한다. 본 연구는 2011년부터 2020년 사이에 출판된 연구논문을 중심으로 우리나라 생태계서비스 가치평가 및 지도화에 관한 연구동향을 분석하고 향 후 과제와 시사점에 대해 논의하였다. 연구방법은 우선 KCI와 SCOPUS의 키워드 필터링과 매칭을 통해 총 104편의 연구 논문을 추출하였다. 이후 생태계서비스 가치평가지도와 관련성이 높은 41편을 대상으로 생태계서비스 가치평가 대상 유형, 주요 평가방법, 경제적 가치평가 여부 등을 분석하였다. 분석결과는 해당 기간에 우리나라 생태계서비스 가치평가 연구의 지속적인 증가를 나타내고 있다( R 2=0.7443). 생태계서비스 가치평가지도의 대상 유형은 조절서비스 34건(40%), 문화서비스 18건(21%), 지지서비스 17건(20%), 공급서비스 16건(19%)의 순서로 나타났다. 지도구축 및 경제적 가치를 평가하는 복합적인 연구는 전체 연구의 약 11%에 해당하였다. 연구결과는 우리나라 생태계서비스 가치평가 및 지도화 연구의 주류화 촉진과 쿤밍-몬트리올 글로벌 생물다양성 프레임워크의 체계적 이행과정에서 학제적인 시사점을 갖는다. 아울러, 국가 생태계서비스 가치평가체계의 정립과 제5차 국가생물다양성전략의 시행 과정에서 정책적인 시사점을 갖는다. Ecosystem services valuation is the quantitative or qualitative process that examines the dynamic relationships between people and nature. Mapping ecosystem services is essentially related to the spatial ecosystem services valuation in Ecosystem Geography. This study examined the research articles for valuing and mapping ecosystem services in Korea from 2011 to 2020 and discussed the research findings. Methods include the first literature review of 104 articles in terms of KCI and SCOPUS and the second literature review of 41 articles for the ecosystem services valuation map. Results indicate the continued increase of research articles for valuing ecosystem services since 2011 (R2=0.7443). The articles for the ecosystem services valuation map include 34 cases of regulating services (40%), 18 cases of cultural services (21%), 17 cases of supporting services (20%), and 16 cases of provisioning services (19%), respectively. The ecosystem services valuation map with economic valuation indicates 11% of the selected 104 articles. The findings provide the research trends, current practices of valuing and mapping ecosystem services, and future recommendations for interdisciplinary and policy implications to mainstream the ecosystem services valuation and ecosystem services valuation maps. Furthermore, the results contribute to systematically implementing the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework as well as the 5th National Biodiversity Strategies and Action Plans (2024-2028) in the field of Ecosystem Geography in Korea

    The Problematic Nature of Ecological Spirituality in Kim Jong-cheols Criticism: Focusing on The Green Review

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    This study attempted to clarify the characteristics of ecological spirituality focusing on Kim Jong-cheols early criticism and his publication, The Green Review. First, the study examined the background of the establishment of The Green Review, which was founded in 1991 and has played a significant role in the history of the Korean ecological movement. Second, this work explored Kim Jong-cheols ecologicalism concerning the Wonju Group, including Jang Il-sun and Kim Ji-ha. Before founding The Green Review, Kim Jong-cheol, who had an early interest in Romanticism and was critical of modern civilization, developed a critical awareness of the dualism brought about by mechanistic materialism. After he visited the United States in 1984, he encountered theories related to deep ecology. Upon returning home, he established a close relationship with the Wonju Group, which published the Hansalim Manifesto in 1989. This flow can be named spiritual ecologicalism, and it is characterized by the recovery of ecological spirituality as a breakthrough in the ecological crisis

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