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Real-Time Ultrasound Imaging System for Drone and Robotic Applications
No full textUnmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV), drone or robotic applications require imaging system for their operation, and CMOS Image Sensors (CIS) are commonly used. While CIS has high resolution and frame rates, it lacks depth sensing, and suffers during nighttime or under foggy conditions. LiDAR or Radar are effective under low-light conditions, but they are relatively costly compared to consumer-grade drones. Ultrasound Imaging System (UIS) works under low-light conditions and has 3D depth sensing capability. Also, UIS is also more cost-effective than LiDAR. However, UIS has a crucial downside: slow response and low frame rate. This paper reviews the methods to mitigate these UIS issues: 1-shot TX, On-Chip Per-Voxel RX Beamforming (PV-RXBF) and Charge-Reuse High-Voltage TX (CR-HV TX), and introduces real-time UIS for metamorphic robots and aerial drone applications.N
Taking Purpose Seriously: Radbruch and Jhering in the Supreme Court of Korea
No full textTeleological interpretation, or purposive interpretation, has grown recently in the Supreme Court of Korea. Along the way, the German legal philosophers Radbruch and Jhering were cited directly or indirectly in the Korean Supreme Courts decision. Accordingly, it is timely to examine the judicial philosophy on which the Court has applied such expression. The development of purposive interpretation can be categorized into two approaches.
The first is an approach that uses the entire legal order as the normative criterion for legal interpretation and aims at it. This approach has something in common with Radbruchs theory based on the objective theory of interpretation. Justice Kim Jae Hyung promoted this approach at the Supreme Court.
The second is an approach that extracts and synthesizes specific legal objectives from the Constitution, statutes, and provisions of the law and applies them to legal interpretation. This approach is similar to Jherings discussion. Also, Justice Ahn Chul Sang solves the problem through this approach in hard cases.
This paper examines the strengths and weaknesses of the two approaches based on the influence the two approaches had in the Supreme Court en banc Decision ruling on Article 92-6 [indecent act] of the Military Criminal Act.N
Kang Youweis Interpretation of Mencius
No full textThe purpose of this study is to analyze the interpretation of Mencius by Kang Youwei (1858-1927), a leader of the Confucian movement during the turbulent period of modern China. After presenting Confuciuss great principle as the three ages in the Spring and Autumn Annals and the great unity in the Evolution of the Rites, he reinterpreted Menciuss thought in the Subtle Principles of Mencius in terms of this principle. First, Kang Youwei, based on Dong Zhongshus concept of innate good quality, not only synthesizes various existing theories on human nature by reinterpreting Menciuss concept of the goodness of human nature with a focus on the ordinary people, but also emphasizes that the good nature is the driving force behind the evolution of civilization. Second, Yao and Shun, for Kang Youwei, were sages of democracy who embodied the way of supreme peace and great unity, serving as symbolic figures that promoted moral advancement. Furthermore, nourishing the vast material-moral force, understanding of words, and the reciprocity of relations presented by Mencius were all defined as practices for realizing humanity. Third, Kang Youwei connected the concept of the evolution of the three ages with Menciuss humane politics, not only presenting the historical development process of government moving toward democracy in the age of supreme peace but also defining Menciuss political and economic systems, including the well-field land system (井田), in terms of the principle of equality. Fourth, Kang Youwei proposed the principle of equal politics, which makes people equal, and based on the concept of the competitive expansion of humanity, not only explained the process of history evolving from turbulent times to peaceful times but also presented a process of differential realization of benevolence. In conclusion, Kang Youwei, applying the concept of three-age evolution from the Spring and Autumn to the interpretation of Mencius, presented the moral evolutionism. In this view, human civilization progresses through historical stages, rooted in benevolence as the universal essence, with the ultimate goal of creating a world of supreme peace and unity. As humanity evolves, the scope of love expands accordingly, starting from the family, extending to all of humanity, and ultimately encompassing all things, realized in a differentiated way.이 논문은 2022년 대한민국 교육부와 한국연구재단의 지원을 받아 수행된 연구임(NRF-2022S1A5B5A17048552
The Joseon Royal Family and the Hyojangmyo Ritual : Its Development and Characteristics
No full text이 논문은2021년대한민국교육부와 한국연구재단의지원을 받아수행된연구임(NRF-과제번호)(NRF-2021S1A5B5A17046246
Why did Alonso Quijano and Sancho Panza set out on the chivalric journey? The capitalist unconscious of the modern man in Don Quixote
No full textReaders of Don Quixote tend to view the protagonist as a romantic idealist who dares to confront adversity, and Sancho Panza as an honorable squire loyal to his master. However, both the hidalgo Alonso Quijano and the peasant Sancho Panza were men of the modern era whose unconscious were shaped by the capitalist system.
Hidalgo of this time, despite belonging to the nobility, were in unfavorable conditions, leading a vegetative life in small locales where they at least owned a house and some land. In comparison, knights—even wandering knights—despite having lost their peak military splendor by the late Middle Ages, still enjoyed prestige as a higher nobility. Therefore, for Alonso Quijano, becoming a knight-errant ultimately meant social ascension and an escape from the stagnant state of hidalgo. It was an intelligent and reasonable decision from a capitalist perspective.
Sancho Panza, on the other hand, was a farmer or peasant living in miserable economic conditions. With few resources to escape his impoverished state, the peasant from La Mancha was easily persuaded by Don Quixote's exaggerated promises. However, throughout their adventures, Sancho pursues money, concerned about the well-being of his family, and at times deceives those around him. In the second volume of Don Quixote, Sancho's materialism becomes even more apparent after earning income from the adventures in the first volume.
The materialistic unconscious of the protagonists is the crucial facet that allows Don Quixote to be considered the first modern novel.N
Stalin and the Origins of the 7th Congress of the Comintern
No full text이 글은 1935년 인민전선 노선을 채택했던 코민테른 제7차 대회의 기원을 스탈린의 역할을 중심으로 재조명하는 작업이다. 이에 대한 기존 연구의 경향은 크게 두 가지로 나뉜다. 첫째, 스탈린은 1933년 초 나치 집권으로 인한 독일 공산당 궤멸을 목도했으면서도 기존의 급진적인 제3기 노선을 고수했으나, 1934년부터 돌연 인민전선 기조가 소련의 새로운 외교정책에 부합함을 깨닫고 이를 코민테른에 강요했다는 주장이다. 둘째, 나치 집권 이후 시작되고 1934년 2월 프랑스와 오스트리아 사건 이후 본격화된 유럽 공산주의자들의 제3기 노선 폐기라는 아래로부터의 압력이 스탈린을 움직였다는 주장이다. 이 글은 이 둘 대신 스탈린의 성과주의 요구와 유럽 공산주의자들의 능동성을 중심으로 한 새로운 설명을 제시한다. 스탈린은 더 많은 노동 대중을 반파시즘 투쟁으로 끌어들일 방법을 고민하며 다양한 선택지를 열어놓았고, 이에 디미트로프와 토레즈가 제시한 인민전선 기조가 가장 부합하다는 판단을 내린 후 이를 승인할 수 있었다.N
Asymmetric Tropopause Height Change to Symmetric CO2 Change
No full textIt has been widely documented how climate systems respond to net zero carbon emissions. While the reversibility of surface climate variables under CO2 removal has been reported, tropopause height change has not been addressed. By using multi-model simulations where CO2 concentrations are symmetrically ramped up and down, the present study investigates how zonal-mean temperature distribution and tropopause height respond to varying CO2 pathway. During the ramp-up period, tropospheric warming and stratospheric cooling get strengthened, causing tropopause to rise in both the tropics and extratropics. Such changes are reversed during the ramp-down period as CO2 concentrations are reduced. However, their recovery is slower, leaving the tropopause height at the end of CO2 removal higher than its initial state. Such asymmetric response in tropopause height is mainly attributable to upper tropospheric rather than lower stratospheric temperature changes. This finding suggests that hysteresis behavior of climate systems to CO2 removal may occur not only at the surface but also at the tropopause.N
Occupational and environmental risk factors for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: A case-control study
No full textBackground: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive interstitial lung disease of unknown etiology. The aim of this study was to evaluate the environmental and occupational risk factors of IPF. Methods: This hospital-based, case-control study included 206 patients with IPF selected from the Seoul National University Bundang Hospital Interstitial Lung Disease registry and 167 controls without lung disease. Data on occupation, lifestyle, transportation, and types of environmental and occupational dust exposure were obtained using a questionnaire. IPF diagnosis was confirmed based on the recent guidelines, and the possibility of hypersensitivity pneumonitis was excluded. Multiple logistic regression was performed to determine the risk factors for IPF. Results: After adjusting for age and sex, ever-smokers (odds ratio [OR], 2.35; 95 % confidence interval [CI]: 1.51-3.68) and individuals who smoked more than 30 pack-years (OR, 2.79; 95%CI: 1.70-4.68) showed an increased risk for IPF. Any occupational dust exposure (adjusted OR, 2.08; 95%CI: 1.19-3.72), especially exposure to chemicals (adjusted OR, 3.52; 99%CI: 1.56-9.05), was associated with IPF after adjusting for age, sex, and smoking. Conclusions: Smoking and occupational dust exposure are associated with an increased risk for IPF. Both factors have dose and duration-dependent relationships with the risk for IPF.N
Developing a Multilingual Spontaneous L2 Speech Corpus for Automated Proficiency Assessment
No full textCurrently, most accessible multilingual L2 spontaneous speech corpora primarily include L2 English from speakers of various L1 backgrounds, with few and often small-scale corpora available for non-English L2s. Annotated assessment data from expert raters is especially rare. This study addresses this gap by constructing a large-scale dataset of spontaneous L2 speech in seven languages (Chinese, Japanese, English, French, German, Spanish, and Russian) from Korean L1 speakers, accompanied by detailed assessments using a carefully designed rubric. The dataset includes extensive metadata analysis and validation processes to ensure the reliability of subjective assessments. To our knowledge, this is the first large-scale, comprehensive corpus of its kind, featuring diverse L2 spontaneous speech from Korean speakers with expert-annotated assessments.N
QMAC-DST for Rapid Detection of Drug Resistance in Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients: A Multicenter Pre-Post Comparative Study
No full textBackground/Objectives: This study explores the impact of QMAC-DST, a rapid, fully automated phenotypic drug susceptibility test (pDST), on the treatment of tuberculosis (TB) patients. Methods: This pre-post comparative study, respectively, included pulmonary TB patients who began TB treatment between 1 December 2020 and 31 October 2021 (pre-period; pDST using the L & ouml;wenstein-Jensen (LJ) DST (M-kit DST)) and between 1 November 2021 and 30 September 2022 (post-period; pDST using the QMAC-DST) in five university-affiliated tertiary care hospitals in South Korea. We compared the turnaround times (TATs) of pDSTs and the time to appropriate treatment for patients whose anti-TB drugs were changed based on these tests between the groups. All patients were permitted to use molecular DSTs (mDSTs). Results: A total of 182 patients (135 in the M-kit DST group and 47 in the QMAC-DST group) were included. The median TAT was 36 days for M-kit DST (interquartile range (IQR), 30-39) and 12 days for QMAC-DST (IQR, 9-15), with the latter being significantly shorter (p < 0.001). Of the total patients, 10 (5.5%) changed their anti-TB drugs based on the mDST or pDST results after initiating TB treatment (8 in the M-kit DST group and 2 in the QMAC-DST group). In the M-kit DST group, three (37.5%) patients changed anti-TB drugs based on the pDST results. In the QMAC-DST group, all changes were due to mDST results; therefore, calculating the time to appropriate treatment for patients whose anti-TB drugs were changed based on pDST results was not feasible. In the QMAC-DST group, 46.8% of patients underwent the first-line line probe assay compared to 100.0% in the M-kit DST group (p < 0.001), indicating that rapid QMAC-DST results provide quicker assurance of the ongoing treatment by confirming susceptibility to the current anti-TB drugs. Conclusions: QMAC-DST delivers pDST results more rapidly than LJ-DST, ensuring faster confirmation for the current treatment regimen.Y