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Associations between Peritonsillar Abscess and Deep Neck Infection in Chronic Periodontitis Patients: Two Nested Case-Control Studies Using a National Health Screening Cohort
No full textBackground/Introduction: Odontogenic infection is one of the main etiologies of deep neck infection (DNI). However, the relationship between chronic periodontitis (CP) and the incidence of DNI has not been examined. This study aimed to evaluate the incidence of DNI and peritonsillar abscess (PTA) after CP. Methods: The Korean National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort 2002-2019 was used. In Study I, 4585 PTA patients were matched with 19,340 control I participants. A previous history of CP for 1 year was collected, and the odds ratios (ORs) of CP for PTA were analyzed using conditional logistic regression. In Study II, 46,293 DNI patients and 185,172 control II participants were matched. A previous history of CP for 1 year was collected, and conditional logistic regression was conducted for the ORs of CP for DNI. Secondary analyses were conducted in demographic, socioeconomic, and comorbidity subgroups. Results: In Study I, a history of CP was not related to the incidence of PTA (adjusted OR = 1.28, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.91-1.81). In Study II, the incidence of DNI was greater in participants with a history of CP (adjusted OR = 1.55, 95% CI = 1.41-1.71). The relationship between CP history and DNI was greater in groups with young, male, low-income, and rural residents. Conclusions: A prior history of CP was associated with a high incidence of DNI in the general population of Korea. Patients with CP need to be managed for the potential risk of DNI.Y
Persona of the Night: Anthropological Study of Gayhill and Drag
No full text학위논문(석사) -- 서울대학교대학원 : 사회과학대학 인류학과, 2024. 2. 이현정.본 연구는 이태원 게이힐에서 참여 관찰한 경험을 바탕으로 그곳을 구성하는 게이, 드랙, 트랜스젠더를 인터뷰해 게이힐 내외에서 그들의 일상이 어떻게 전개되고 있는지를 살핀다. 용산구 이태원은 한국 전쟁 이후 일제로부터 반환되어 미군의 영향력 아래 놓였고, 그 후 미국 문화의 색채가 짙게 밴 곳이었지만, 현재 그곳은 이성애 규범이라는 문화적 질서에 의해 배제된 이들이 모이는 곳이 되었다. 평범한 일상에서 이성애자로서 살아가던 남성들은 휴일 전날 밤 이태원에 모여 그들이 숨겨왔던 자신의 일부를 드러낼 수 있다. 게이라는 것을 숨기지 않아도 되는 어두운 공간에서 기존에 이성애적 질서는 변용되고, 사회 규범은 흐려진다. 그들은 섹슈얼리티를 공유하는 이들과 새로운 관계를 형성하고, 기존에 숨겨야만 한다고 여겼던 게이로서의 자신을 드러내며 심리적 변환을 겪는다. 그러한 심리적 변환을 야기하는 데에는 다양한 형태의 놀이가 동원되며, 드랙쇼 또한 그 놀이 중 하나다. 드랙을 하는 행위자와 게이 관객 사이에 공유하는 게이로서의 문화 양식이 존재하기 때문에 드랙쇼는 게이를 주된 관객으로 삼는다. 때문에 게이힐에는 여성도 출입할 수 있지만 남성에게만 배타적으로 성원권을 부여하며, 게이와 드랙은 끼를 공유하며 낯선 순간을 만들어낸다. 이때 공유되는 끼는 이질성의 기호로 여겨지고 관객에게 낯선 감각을 느끼게 만들며, 공연에 참여하는 이들 모두는 기존의 사회 질서에서 부여된 역할과는 다른 존재로 일시적으로 변환된다.
드랙을 하는 이는 무대에 오르기 위해 자신의 외형을 완전히 바꾸는 가면을 쓴다. 그들은 가발과 짙은 화장을 한 후 힐에 올라 다른 인격을 수행하기 시작하고, 자신이 만들어낸 가공의 인물이 되어 게이힐 속으로 들어간다. 무대에 올라 공연하며 관객들에게 즐거움 가져다주는 드랙은 무대에서 내려온 뒤에도 드랙이라는 가면의 역할에 영향을 받으며, 무대와 일상 사이의 경계는 점차 흐려지거나 전도된다. 무대는 본래 환상의 영역에 속했던 것이지만 일상 속에서 자신을 가면의 역할로 받아들이는 타인이 많아지면서 환상 속 인물은 곧 현실 속 자신이 된다.
본 연구는 드랙에 관한 민족지적 연구로, 드랙쇼가 있는 게이힐에서 참여 관찰을 진행했으며, 게이힐을 구성하는 인물 중 오랫동안 드랙이나 게이 클럽의 운영자로 생활하며 일상을 이어온 이들을 연구 참여자로 삼았다. 그들은 10년 이상 이태원에서 생활하며 많은 게이들과 상호작용하며 클럽이나 바의 생리를 관찰했고, 그곳에서 일하기도 했으며, 게이 연구 참여자들 또한 5년 이상 게이힐에 드나들며 자신의 일상에 변화를 겪었다. 이러한 맥락에서 본 연구는 한국의 드랙에 관한 연구 중 이태원이라는 특수한 문화적 맥락을 고려해 그곳을 경험하고 만들어온 주된 구성원들을 연구 참여자로 설정했다는 점, 기존에 사회에서 설정된 이분법적 성별 규범이 아닌 이태원 내의 역할을 중심으로 연구 참여자를 설정해 서술했다는 점에서 다른 연구와 차별점을 지닌다.
주요어: 게이 드랙 끼 리미널리티 퍼포먼스 가면 역할
학번 : 2021-29597제 1 장 서론
1 절 연구 배경 및 연구 질문 1
2 절 이론적 배경 및 선행연구 검토
1. 성소수자 연구 경향 3
2. 드랙에 관한 연구 8
3 절 연구 참여자 및 방법
1. 연구 참여자: 이태원 게이힐의 구성원들 10
2. 연구 방법 12
3. 연구자의 위치성 13
제 2 장 연구현장: 밤에 빛나는 언덕
제 1 절 게이힐의 형성
1. 90년대 이전 : 미군과 기지촌 16
2. 1990년대-2010년대 : 새로운 세대 21
제 2 절 게이힐과 리미널리티
1. 은둔과 이태원 데뷔 24
2. 놀이 공간으로서의 게이힐 36
제 3 장 게이, 드랙, 퍼포먼스
제 1 절 성원권으로서의 섹슈얼리티 45
제 2 절 끼스러운 사람들 53
제 3 절 드랙의 무대연출과 관객 60
제 4 절 드랙쇼와 퍼포먼스 65
제 4 장 경계를 횡단하는 드랙쇼
제 1 절 일상을 침습하는 무대와 무대로서의 일상 73
제 2 절 판타지와 일상의 재배치 85
제 3 절 가면극으로서의 드랙쇼 93
제 5장 결론 105석
Association between asthma and cardiovascular diseases: A longitudinal follow-up study using a national health screening cohort
No full textBackground: Asthma has been suggested to be a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), although the evidence supporting this relationship is inconclusive. This study aimed to explore the long-term associations between asthma and asthma exacerbations with the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) such as ischemic heart disease (IHD), heart failure (HF), and cerebral stroke, utilizing data from a nationwide cohort. Materials and methods: This study utilized data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service-Health Screening Cohort database (2002 -2015), including information on 111,316 asthma patients and an equal number of 1:1 matched control participants. A propensity score overlapweighted Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to analyze the overlapweighted hazard ratios (HRs) of asthma and exacerbated asthma for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) within this cohort. Results: During the follow-up period, the incidence rate (IR) of IHD per 1000 person-years (PYs) was 7.82 in patients with asthma and 5.79 in controls. The IR of HF was 2.53 in asthmatic patients and 1.36 in controls. After adjustment for covariates, asthmatic patients exhibited 1.27-fold and 1.56-fold higher HRs for IHD (95% con fidence interval (CI) = 1.23 -1.37, P < 0.001) and HF (95% CI = 1.36 -1.63, P < 0.001) than the controls, respectively. In addition, there was an increased HR for IHD and HF in the asthma exacerbation group compared with the nonexacerbated asthma group (adjusted HR, 1.29, 95% CI = 1.24 -1.34, P < 0.001 for IHD and aHR 1.68, 95% CI = 1.58 - 1.79, P < 0.001 for HF). However, the occurrence of stroke was decreased in asthmatic patients compared with controls (aHR = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.93 -0.99, P = 0.008). Conclusions: Adults with asthma are more likely to develop CVDs. Additionally, severe asthma exacerbations are signi ficantly associated with an increased occurrence of CVDs.Y
Increased Risk of Benign Prostate Hyperplasia (BPH) in Patients with Gout: A Longitudinal Follow-Up Study Using a National Health Screening Cohort
No full textA previous study reported a high risk of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in patients with gout. This study intended to evaluate the risk of BPH in gout patients. A total of 514,866 Korean National Health Insurance Service-Health Screening Cohorts were retrieved from 2002 to 2019. Among these individuals, 14,961 gout patients and 58,764 control participants were matched based on demographic factors. The incidence of BPH during the follow-up periods was collected for both the gout and control groups. The risk of BPH was analyzed using stratified Cox proportional hazard models, and hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Secondary analyses were conducted based on demographic factors and comorbidities. The incidence of BPH was 23.40% in gout patients and 20.70% in control participants. In the adjusted model, the HR of BPH was 1.13-fold higher in gout patients than in the control group (95% CI = 1.09-1.18). Compared with the >= 60-year-old group, the <60-year-old group demonstrated a higher HR for BPH in gout patients (1.19 [1.13-1.24] vs. 1.07 [1.01-1.13]). The risk of BPH in gout patients was consistent according to various comorbidities. Patients with gout demonstrated a greater risk of BPH than participants without gout. The young adult population had a higher risk of BPH related to gout.Y
On-Chip Annealing Using Embedded Micro-Heater for Highly Sensitive and Selective Gas Detection
No full textThe demand for gas sensing systems that enable fast and precise gas recognition is growing rapidly. However, substantial challenges arise from the complex fabrication process of sensor arrays, time-consuming data transmission to an external processor, and high energy consumption in multi-stage data processing. In this study, a gas sensing system using on-chip annealing for fast and power-efficient gas detection is proposed. By utilizing a micro-heater embedded in the gas sensor, the sensing material of adjacent sensors in the same substrate can be easily varied without further fabrication steps. The response to oxidizing gas is constrained in metal oxide (MOX) sensing material with small grain sizes, as the depletion width of grain cannot extend beyond the grain size during the gas reaction. On the other hand, the response to reducing gases and humidity, which decrease the depletion width, is less affected by grain sizes. A readout circuit integrating a differential amplifier and dual FET-type gas sensors effectively emphasizes the response to oxidizing gases by canceling the response to reducing gases and humidity. The selective on-chip annealing method is applicable to various MOX sensing materials, demonstrating its potential for application in commercial fields due to its simplicity and expandability. By utilizing embedded micro-heaters for post-deposition annealing, metal oxide grain size and gas responses of adjacent sensors in the same substrate can be controlled without further fabrication steps. The proposed dual FET-type gas sensors with on-chip annealing can directly determine the gas concentration in a mixed gas environment, introducing a new approach for a real-time energy-efficient gas sensing system. imageY
Examination of Ferroelectric Domain Dynamics in HZO under Endurance Cycling Stress
No full textWe investigate domain wall (DW) movement in hafnium zirconium oxide (HZO) under various temperature (<italic>T</italic>) and cycling stresses. It is demonstrated that cycling stress distinctly impacts the behavior in the DW relaxation, creep, and flow regimes. Specifically, cycling stress increases the energy barrier that DW must overcome to transition from the relaxation to creep regime. However, it has a negligible effect on the boundary condition of the electrical (<italic>E</italic>)-field value between the creep and flow regimes. Consequently, a <italic>T-E</italic> phase diagram for HZO is presented, which distinctively delineates these regimes, and offers clear insights into the cycling stress-induced changes in ferroelectric DW dynamics.N
Longitudinal evaluation of liver stiffness reveals hepatic cholesterol as the determinant of fibrosis progression in mice
No full textAims: The metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) affects approximately 30 % of the global population. While excessive consumption of dietary fat induces steatosis, it does not develop fibrosis, indicating that additional factors are required as "second hits" for further progression of MASLD. Here, based on shear wave elastography, we compared the longitudinal patterns of fibrogenesis induced by different diets and show the crucial role of cholesterol accumulation in fibrosis progression. Materials and methods: Mice were fed chow, high-fat (HFD), high-fat high-cholesterol (HFHCD), choline-deficient, L-amino acid-defined high-fat (CDAHFD), or 3,5Diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-Dihydrocollidine diets over 12 weeks. Key findings: Mice fed with HFD gained significant amounts of body weight but did not show an increase in liver stiffness. In contrast, the addition of cholesterol in the same diet robustly induced liver stiffening starting from the first week, which was comparable to the CDAHFD-induced fibrosis model. Longitudinal tracking of liver stiffness revealed a two-step progression of fibrosis after prolonged feeding of HFHCD and CDAHFD, likely due to cellular cholesterol accumulation over a certain threshold after the transition point. Biochemical analyses suggested the critical role of both total and hepatic cholesterol accumulation in liver fibrosis development. Significance: Collectively, our results underscore the significance of cholesterol in liver fibrosis development, also highlighting the benefit of monitoring liver stiffness to understand the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis.N
Design and Evaluation of Human-Centered Visualization Interfaces in Construction Teleoperation
No full textTeleoperation is widely used in hazardous and uncertain site settings, allowing scheduled procedures to be carried out across long distances while workers are away from the sites. Teleoperators in off-sites collect both the site information and feedback from the interfaces which provide synthesized information that a robot collects. This interface mainly conveys visionary information for the operator's intuitiveness such as the spatial awareness of objects and surroundings. To achieve a rich visual understanding of the site, the interface should fully contain and intuitively convey the associated contextual information. Excessive or unintuitive information not only makes it difficult for operators to exert their full potential but also increases their cognitive load. This study explores how different visual interface configurations affect operators' work performance and their cognitive load during the teleoperation task. The findings from the experimental studies are expected to help develop human-centered interfaces for teleoperation in the context of construction tasks and provide the cornerstone for not only an intuitive but fruitfully informative interface in a provided task setting.N
SaGol: Using MiniGPT-4 to Generate Alt Text for Improving Image Accessibility
No full textSaGol is an AI-powered application to improve image accessibility for people with visual impairments (PVI) users. Alternative (alt) text, a general method of web accessibility for PVI users, is text or phrases that describe images on a website in an understandable way. SaGol generates alt text with the images on the user's smartphone using a vision large language model called MiniGPT-4. SaGol searches for similar images based on the generated alt text. We evaluated the length of alt text and the search accuracy. This paper shows a potential opportunity to improve image accessibility for PVI users.N
Divide and Conquer: Design of Gallium-Based Liquid Metal Particles for Soft and Stretchable Electronics
No full textGallium-based liquid metal (LM) has attracted considerable attention as a promising material for stretchable conductors due to its remarkable combination of deformability and metallic conductivity. However, LM inherently faces challenges such as high surface tension, resistance increase, electrical failure due to leakage, and limited mechanical stability. Recently, researchers have explored the concept of "dividing" bulk LM into microparticles (LMP) as a means of addressing these limitations. Nonetheless, the fabrication of LMP results in inherent electrical insulation, requiring additional activation steps to enable their use as stretchable conductors. In this review, the potential of LMP is discussed as an alternative to bulk LM and explore various methods to generate stable LMP-based conductors and electrically activate LMP for their implementation in soft and stretchable electronics.N