Jurnal Ilmiah Hubungan Internasional
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Apple Role through Fair Labour Association (FLA) in order to Fixing Foxconn\u27s Sweatshop in China
No full textIn 2010, there is several news about suicides at Foxconn\u27s factory in ShenZhen, China, a plant that assembles iPhones, iPods, and iPads for Apple. In order to fix this sweatshop practice in its chain, Apple make affliliateswith independent labor monitoring organizations engaged by the Fair Labour Association (FLA) as participating company. In FLA charter stated that the member should adopted a "Workplace Code of Conduct". The FLA Workplace Code of Conduct defines labor standards that aim to achieve decent and humane working conditions. FLA conducts independent assesments of a random sample of companies\u27 supplier factories such as the three Foxconn facilities in Longhua, Guanlan and Chengdu to investigates the situation in Foxconn. Based on assessment, FLA founded that the condition in Foxconn\u27s factories, there is several violation on FLA Code Standard. FLA has made a series of recommendations to Apple and Foxconn, which is in immediate action required and sustainable remediation required. Thus, Apple released Supplier Responsibility Standards to make a standard for its own supply chain including Foxconn to meet several acquirements in order to prevent sweatshop\u27s practice
Kerangka Konseptual Kontribusi pada Pasukan Penjaga Perdamaian PBB: Studi Kasus Indonesia
No full textArtikel ini membahas partisipasi dalam Pasukan Penjaga Perdamaian Perserikatan Bangsa-bangsa (PBB) sebagai instrumen kebijakan laur negeri Indonesia. Semakin pentingnya PBB dan diplomasi multilateral bagi Indonesia, mengharuskan Indonesia untuk mengoptimalkan potensi perannya dalam mendorong partisipasinya pada operasi pemeliharaan perdamaian PBB sebagai suatu instrumen kebijakan luar negeri bebas dan aktif Indonesia. Indonesia telah meningkatkan peran dan inisiatifnya dalam operasi Pasukan Penjaga Perdamaian PBB pada era pemerintahan Presiden Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono sebagai implementasi dari kebijakan luar negeri Indonesia yang kreatif dan dinamis. Berdasarkan pemahaman realis, partisipasi dalam operasi perdamaian dimaksudkan dapat memenuhi kepentingan nasional. Oleh karena itu, Pemerintah Indonesia perlu untuk menyusun suatu kebijakan nasional yang mempromosikan kepentingan nasional Indonesia dalam misi pemeliharaan perdamaian PBB. Strategi yang berhasil adalah suatu proses jangka panjang yang membutuhkan suatu pendekatan yang strategis dan holistik. Menjadi sepuluh besar negara kontributor pasukan pada operasi pemeliharaan perdamaian PBB akan menjadi suatu perjalanan yang bersejarah bagi Indonesia pada dekade berikutnya. Selain itu, penyusunan suatu Buku Putih Partisipasi pada Misi Pemeliharaan Perdamaian Internasional akan menjadi langkah penting yang pertama
Demokratisasi dalam Diplomasi?: Sebuah Tinjauan terhadap Konsep dan Fungsi "Citizen Diplomacy"
No full textArtikel ini membahas tentang bagaimana aktifitas diplomasi terdemokratisasi oleh meningkatnya partisipasi publik di dalamnya. Konsep citizen diplomacy berkembang seiring meningkatnya partisipasiwarga biasa dalam aktifitas diplomasi. Dalam kenyatannya, aktifitas citizen diplomacy sulit dipisahkan dari aktifitas diplomasi publik dimana negara memang dengan sengaja melibatkan aktor non-negara untuk meningkatkan kredibilitas dilomasi pemerintah. Sebagian besar definisi citizen diplomacy juga masih melihat partisipasi warga biasa memang dilakukan dalam rangka mendukung diplomasi negaranya. Artikel ini secara khusus membahas tipologi citizen diplomat dari Paul Sharp yang sangat membantu dalam mengidentifikasi aktor-aktor dalam citizen diplomacy dan berbagai bentuk partisipasinya. Melalui tipologi tersebut Sharp menawarkan pengertian yang lebih luas dimana citizen diplomacy dilihat sebagai partisipasi warga biasa dalam interaksi global baik yang bersifat internasional maupun transnasional. Kesimpulannya, secara umum citizen diplomacy sebagai metode penyelenggaraan hubungan internasional memiliki tiga karakteristik: adanya partisipasi warga biasa dalam interaksi global; bersifat komplementer terhadap dplomasi berbasis-negara; dan mensyaratkan adanya kesadaran global pada para pelakunya
Konflik Laut Cina Selatan dan Politik Luar Negeri Indonesia ke Amerika dan Eropa
No full textKonflik yang terjadi di Laut Cina Selatan melibatkan beberapa negara di kawasan Asia Tenggara. Negara-negara tersebut adalah Vietnam dan Filipina. Akan tetapi, konflik ini pun mempengaruhi beberapa negara diluar kawasan Asia Tenggara yaitu Cina dan Amerika Serikat. Kawasan Laut Cina Selatan yang cukup luas dan berbatasan langsung dengan beberapa negara membuat Laut Cina Selatan memiliki potensi yang dapat dimanfaatkan oleh negara-negara seperti Amerika Serikat dan Cina. Dalam penulisan paper "Konflik Laut Cina Selatan dan Politik Luar Negeri Indonesia ke Amerika dan Eropa" ini pembahasan akan difokuskan pada empat bagian. Diawali dengan pembahasan mengenai Amerika Serikat (AS) dan Konflik Laut Cina Selatan, kemudian diikuti pembahsan mengenai Uni Eropa dan Konflik Laut Cina Selatan. Pada bagian akhir akan disajikan dua bahasan yang berkaitan dengan Indonesia yakni:\u27Indonesia dan Konflik Laut Cina Selatan\u27;serta sekaligus sebagai penutup, \u27Politik Luar Negeri RI terhadap Amerika dan Eropa terkait isu Laut Cina Selatan\u27
Democracy Deficit in China: A Choice or Foreordained
No full textThis paper attempts to analyze both internal and external determinants which influence the persistence of the democracy deficit in China, as Beijing successfully surpressed its people\u27s demand for democrartic change and freedom. This paper also examines how the longevity of one-party regimes has simply made democracy such a forgettable discourse. Meanwhile, this paper argues three watersheds of undemocratized China. First, the historical precedence has shown that attempts of electoral democracy have not been successful in China. Second, there is an absence of constructive engagement toward China by external powers, such as the European Union and the United States (henceafter, "US"). Third, democracy lacks strong support from large sections of Chinese society. This paper also sees the another perspective of how the monopolized power of Chinese Communist Party (henceafter, "CCP") has been substituting the implementation of liberal democracy through the meritrocacy system and creatingthe dependencies of middle class to government
In Suspension: Memory of Indonesian Migrant Women Returnees in Cities
No full textThis paper attempts to propose new ways to understand Indonesian migrant women workers and their lives, particularly at the intersection of memory and urban life. I explore the role of memory in the urban life of Indonesian migrant women returnees by examining the ways in which their memory affects seemingly mundane yet central details of their new life and opens up a space to expose and disrupt the workings of state and society that pushes women into the margin. Focusing on a growing number of migrant women who are settling themselves in urban areas upon completing their work overseas, I consider how their memory, suspended in the present, contributes to normalizing the anomaly by confronting and refusing public articulations of power vis-a-vis the feminine and the rural in Indonesia
Analisis Faktor-faktor Penyebab Terjadinya Konflik di Timor Timur sebelum Kemerdekaannya dari Indonesia
No full textSebelum Kemerdekaannya, Timor Timur (sekarang Timor Leste) selalu terjebak dalam situasi konflik. Konflik-konflik seperti ini membuat Timor Timur sulit untuk melepaskan dirinya dari kemiskinan dan keresahan (kekacauan) politik. Sampai akhirnya pergolakan internal tersebut membawa kemerdekaan kepada negeri bekas provinsi ke-27 Indonesia itu. Ada empat faktor yang terlibat dalam konflik di Timor Timur sebelum kemerdekannya dari Indonesia. Mereka adalah: Timor Timur Sendiri, Indonesia, Portugal, dan Australia. Insiden di Santa Cruz dan Liquica semakin memprovokasi rakyat Timor Timur untuk berjuang demi kemerdekaannya, sampai kemerdekaan itu akhirnya datang di tahun 1999. Selain dua insiden tadi, terdapat empat faktor yang mendasari mengapa rakyat Timor Timur berjuang demi kemerdekaannya. Faktor-faktor tersebut adalah: kemiskinan, keragaman etnis, sistem politik yang represif,d an degradasi sumber daya. Tulisan ini akan menganalisa empat faktor tersebut sebagai penyebab kemerdekaan Timor timur. Metodologi penelitian dilakukan secara kualitatif melalui riset pustaka. Sumber data primer didapatkan dari buku dan situs internet
Keketuaan Indonesia Dalam Forum Foreign Policy Global Health Tahun 2013
No full textSuccessful development of the health sector, will greatly affect the development and support the efforts of political, economic, social and cultural as well as the implementation of the foreign policy of a country. A state has a high quality health services to the people, will support the full development process of the country. The health sector development will also create development opportunities and other related sectors, such as the development of the pharmaceutical sector, health insurance and so on. Furthermore, the health sector\u27s high capacity can be used as an instrument of diplomacy when negotiating or lobbying with other countries. Cuba, for example, has sent thousands of doctors around the world, including Indonesia, which in the event of natural disaster tsunami. This reflects the fact, the close connection between foreign policy with the health sector, so that the sector should be getting your full attention because it involves the national interest of a country in it.Keywords : foreign policy, development, health sector, instrument, diplomac
Pembahasan Defence Cooperation Agreement Indonesia - Singapura oleh DPR dan Pemerintah Indonesia dan Implikasinya bagi Teori Birokratik Politik
No full textAbstract: This paper aims to examine the extent to which the internal discussion of the Defence andCooperation Agreement between Indonesia and Singapore consistent with the bureaucratic politicstheory. Using the null hypotesis and process tracing methods, this paper tests the bureaucratic politictheory, which was first introduced in the foreign policy studies by Graham Allison and PhilipZelikiow. Specifically, this paper asks the following questions: Who are the foreign policy makers inIndonesia with regards to the faith of DCA? What are their stances toward the future of DCA? Howdoes each decision makers advance their own opinion on this matter? What influence their stance?Does the final outcome reflect each actor\u27s initial preference over the outcome? Based on the paper\u27scontent and other authors\u27 observation, this paper argues that the internal discussion regarding thefuture of DCA is not entirely consistent with the argument made by Allison and Zelikow inbureuacratic politics theory. .Keywords : bureaucratic politic, foreign policy, Indonesia foreign polic
Faktor Internal dan Faktor Eksternal yang Mempengaruhi Terjadinya Demokratisasi di Myanmar
No full textAbstract: Democratization in Myanmar has drawn international attention, when on April 1, 2012military junta held a free, fair general election. The success of Myanmar in holding the general electionwould become a new era of changes that was occurring domestically. Positive responses on thechanges were shown by not only Myanmar\u27s people but also the whole international comunities whichhad previously pressured the state due to various violations of human right and democracy. Basically,some democratizing efforts had begun since the government drafted a new constitution in 2008, up tothe winning of Thein Sein as President in the 2010 preliminary elections. Under Thein Sein leadership,there have been much changes leading to democracy, such as the achievement of ceasefire, economicimprovement, the release of political detainees, mass media freedom, general elections, and thereestablishment of parliamentary functions. The question in this paper was, “How these internal andexternal factors influence the occurrence of democratization in Myanmar?” In this paper, the writerdrew on the theories of democratization in describing the internal and external factors that haveinfluence on the occurrence of democratization, by the three approaches, namely, modernization,transition, and structural approaches, from David Potter. The paper results indicated that the aim of themilitary junta at implementing the democratization was due to some internal factors in a domesticscope, predominated by domestic actors, and some external factors in a framework of democratizationwaves by a reason of spreading or promoting democratic values, as well pressures and other sanctions.The entire threats have led to the decline of military junta legitimacy in political arena, and expulsionby international world. Therefore, the writer concluded that the relationship between the internalfactors and external factors would determine the continuity of democratization in Myanmar.Keywords : Democratization, Internal Factors, External Factors, Military Junta, Myanma