Jurnal Ilmiah Hubungan Internasional
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Democracy and Development in Southeast Asia: A Critical Comparison
No full textABSTRACTThere is an intriguing debate relating to the relationship of economic development to democratization. Southeast Asia region is one of the fast-growing economic development, and it also has a long journey to democratization. The result, however, is ambiguous regarding the internal dynamic of this region that hinders the possibility to have consolidated democracy. However, an achievement in economic development might facilitate political development. This paper will provide a critical note about the relationship between development and the political regime in the SEA region. This paper also analyzes the reason why there is no significant change regarding political regime within this region even though some countries are continuing to have positive achievements in democratization. Also, autocracy and the authoritarian regime still survive in this region. This paper assesses the progress of social and economic development and its impacts on domestic politics, then, attempts to explain the process of political transformation in the SEA region to understand the causes that hinder the spreading of democratization. Qualitative method will be used to analyze data and provide conclusion of this study.Keywords: democratization, development, political transformation, SEA countrie
The Impacts of E-Commerce to Regional Integration in Southeast Asia
No full textABSTRACTThis paper aims to examine the social impacts of e-commerce on regional integration in Southeast Asia. This paper argues that the existing literature takes for granted the positive relations between trade and regional integration; define narrowly regional integration in economic terms; and thus, focus mainly on economic impacts of e-commerce to regional integration in Southeast Asia. In contrast to this existing view, regional integration envisioned by ASEAN is not only economic but also social, emphasizing the development of a sense of belonging among regional members. In addition, the logics of the business sector, including e-commerce, may or may not be in line with the logics of ASEAN in imagining regional integration, and thus giving a possibility for the convergence or divergence of interests between the two. Applying constructivist approach on how imagination and transaction contribute to promoting region-ness among regional members, this paper finds that the imagination and transaction of e-commerce actors in the region has not had significant social impact to regional integration and may even develop risk of widening the gap among Southeast Asian countries as the imagination and transaction of many of the e-commerce actors in Southeast Asia are concentrated in the more developed parts of the region.Keywords: E-Commerce, Regional Integration, Southeast Asia, Constructivis
The Implementation of MDGs Program on Eradication of Extreme Poverty and Hunger in Indonesia (2009-2014)
No full textThe study of the implementation of Millenium Development Goals (MDGs) program in Indonesia aims to find out the background and significance of the program taken by the government under President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono in 2009-2014 on the issue of eradication of extreme poverty and hunger. The problem of extreme poverty and hunger in Indonesia has not been solved comprehensively. Therefore, the government had to provide the right program to end poverty. The research based on the qualitative method, which uses official reports, literature review and news articles as the sources. The result showed that the programs of eradication extreme poverty and hunger in 2009-2014 had been revised became three clusters. The first cluster aims to help and protects the social family guarantee and to assure the basic needs. The second cluster is the eradication of poverty and hunger through the social assistance program. The third cluster was focusing on eradication of poverty and hunger in term of economic matter. The government used the indicators by UNDP, as the base of the decision-making process, but also used the real condition of poor people in Indonesia as the main consideration.
Geo Strategi Kebijakan Luar Negeri Indonesia dalam Produktivitas Ekspor Ikan
No full textPaper ini akan menjelaskan geostrategi implementasi kebijakan luar negeri Indonesia dalam konteks pendekatan organisasi. Pendekatan organisasi tersebut kemudian spesifik pada kepemimpinan Menteri Susi dalam upaya meningkatkan produktivitas hasil perikanan Indonesia. Dengan tipe penelitian kualitatif deskriptif melalui metode studi kasus, tulisan ini menggunakan data sekunder sebagai basis argumentasi. Hasil yang ditemukan adalah Menteri Susi menggunakan metode geostrategic military projection yang dikombinasikan dengan model kebijakan luar negeri konfrontasi dan leadership. Dengan metode tersebut lahirlah strategi penenggelaman kapal sebagai upaya untuk deterens,defensif, ofensif dan bahkan compliance dalam upaya untuk meningkatkan produktivitas hasil perikanan dan bentuk kemampuan mempertahankan kedaulatan NKRI. Artinya memiliki argumentasi politik dan ekonomi. Oleh sebab itu, melalui kajian semoga dapat menambah khasanah ilmu pengetahuan terutama kajian maritim.Kata Kunci: Menteri Susi, military projection, geostrategis, deterrence, defence, ofensif, compliance, ekonomi politik
The China-Australia Free Trade Agreement (ChAFTA): its implications for Australia-United States relations
No full textAustralia is currently faced with a strategic and economic dilemma regarding its interactions with China and the United States (US). On the one hand, it should maintain and strengthen its strategic relations with the US as an ally in order to contain a rising China. On the other hand, Australia should ensure its economic growth by strengthening trade relations with China. This paper aims to examine the implications of the new China-Australia Free Trade Agreement (ChAFTA) for the ANZUS strategic alliance. Through Qualitative Approach, this article analyzes the issues with the use of realist and liberal perspectives in international relations. By assessing two previous events involving the triangular Australia-US-China relationship (the case of the Taiwan conflict, and the US development of a National Missile Defense system), this paper concludes that ChAFTA may tend to undermine the ANZUS alliance. Three reasons for this conclusion are identified: a fundamental shift in the way Australia perceives China; ChAFTA offers more benefits to Australia than the Australia-US Free Trade Agreement (AUSFTA); and finally Australia may consider ChAFTA as being more in its national interests in the international system than the ANZUS alliance
Bitcoin vis a vis NEO: Upaya Tiongkok menuju Penyeimbang Kekuatan Ekonomi Amerika Serikat dalam Kacamata Hegemoni dan Soft Balancing
No full textAbstrakBitcoin merupakan salah satu cryptocurrency yang terkenal sejak 2013 diseluruh dunia dimana konsepnya adalah P2P atau terdesentralisasi antar server user dalam sebuah jaringan. Nilai tukat Bitcoin terus meningkat seiring permintaan dari seluruh dunia, termasuk Tiongkok sebagai salah satu negara dengan transaksi ekonomi terbesar di dunia. Lebih dari 50% transaksi Bitcoin dunia dilakukan melalui cryptomarket asal Tiongkok. Selain itu, Tiongkok juga menjadi negara dengan industri mining pool Bitcoin terbesar di dunia. Hal tersebut menjadikan Tiongkok sebagai negara dengan nilai perputaran Bitcoin terbesar di dunia. Besarnya arus perputaran Bitcoin di Tiongkok tampaknya menjadi ancaman tersendiri bagi Pemerintah Tiongkok sehingga pada September 2017, Pemerintah Tiongkok mengeluarkan kebijakan pelarangan transaksi ICO dan menutup BTCC yang merupakan salah satu cryptomarket Bitcoin terbesar di dunia. ICO dapat diartikan sebagai konsep investasi cryptocurrency dengan tujuan crowd funding. Sebulan setelah mengeluarkan larangan transaksi ICO, Pemerintah Tiongkok justru mengumumkan rencana Pemerintah Tiongkok untuk mengembangkan dunia blockchain (cryptocurrency) sendiri. Penelitian ini menjelaskan alasan kebijakan pemerintah Tiongkok terkait pelarangan ICO dan penutupan BTCC namun justru mengembangkan cryptocurrency sendiri menggunakan konsep hegemoni dan soft balancing dalam pendekatan realisme. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kebijakan pemerintah Tiongkok yang melarang ICO dan penutupan BTCC merupakan langkah yang diambil dalam upaya Tiongkok untuk menyeimbangi Amerika Serikat sebagai negara berpengaruh di bidang ekonomi di dunia.Kata kunci: Bitcoin, Tiongkok, ICO, hegemoni, soft balancin
The Challenge of Indonesian Diplomacy Against Palm Oil Discrimination
No full textABSTRACTIndonesia will continue to face a discrimination of palm commodity in European Union in the next decade. The challenge the European black campaign against palm oil is not easy to overcome. Most of European people have a bad perception about palm oil. The issue of palm oil is not only about the forestation, but also it is influenced by bad perception on health and social impact. It is a time for Indonesian diplomacy to make a strategy to resolve this issue by improving public diplomacy through lobbying, corporate diplomacy and identification of stakeholders. Although in the European Parliament statement does not mention the elimination of palm oil, discrimination against palm oil will continue in the trilogy. Palm oil must face accusations from various interested parties such as NGOs and members of parliament who have relations with farmers in Europe. They have a strategy to phase out using palm oil for biofuels. The issue of palm oil is not only about a battle of the vegetable industry anymore, but it is more about politics to defend other vegetable oil in the market by disseminating any kind issues related to oil palm plantation. It must be deal with the total diplomacy taken by all stakeholders in Indonesia and in Europe. Key words: oil palm, public diplomacy, biofuels, European Parliamen
Pengaruh Militer Dalam Sistem Politik Myanmar Terhadap Diskriminasi Etnis Rohingya Pada Tahun 2017
No full textThis paper aims to discuss the extent to which the influence of the military in the political system in Myanmar related to cases of prosecution of ethnic Rohingya in 2017. Myanmar\u27s government through the military is considered to use violence and discrimination against Rohingya ethnic groups resulting in thousands of casualties and the ethnic Rohingya fled to neighboring countries. This research was conducted to assess the role of the military in the Myanmar government system because under the 2008 Constitution, the military had a seat of 25 percent in the Myanmar parliament and had a number of authorities in the political system. This can be considered as a trigger for the military\u27s aggressiveness towards Rohingya because of military representatives who have existence in the Myanmar parliament. The author uses concordance theory and the concept of new professionalism of internal security and national development in analyzing related phenomena. The results of this study indicate the existence of military influence in the Myanmar government because under the constitution, the military controls three strategic departments, namely Defense, Internal Affairs and Border. The military also holds full control of the armed forces, police and security forces, thus demonstrating the military role in Myanmar\u27s policies regarding prosecution of the ethnic minority Rohingya
Shifting Actors and Strategy in Indonesia’s Disaster Diplomacy After Tsunami Aceh 2004
No full textABSTRACTDiplomacy as a foreign policy instrument of certain states to attain its national interest has traditionally been the authority of the central government regarding to its adequate capability and authority than other actors. Indonesia has high rank on disaster vulnerability in the world. Disasters always have been more understood as lost factors than social capital factors. The 2004 earthquake and tsunami in Aceh was a monumental history how managing disasters became a source of productive political and economic diplomacy. This paper will explain how the issue of natural disasters drove some new actors especially local government which has disaster prone areas to participate on disaster diplomacy activities and develop new strategy to manage and capitalize natural disaster into positive social capital to solve social problems, economic, political and social culture in disaster prone areas. The result of article show transformation of actor perceptions on disasters will affect disaster governance.Keywords: Indonesian disaster diplomacy, local government, para-diplomacy and International cooperatio
Agama dan Pembangunan: Beragam Pandangan dalam Melihat Keberkaitan Agama terhadap Proses Pembangunan dan Modernisasi
No full textIntroduksi mengenai modernisasi mulai mengalami reorientasi pasca pertengahan abad ke-20. Keterlibatan pengaruh agama dalam narasi pembangunan mulai dikesampingkan, bahkan diasumsikan bahwa pengaruhnya dalam proses pembangunan sebagai ancaman. Dalam narasi modern, agama lebih dipandang sebagai private matters, bukan sebagai public matters untuk diturutsertakan dalam kemaslahatan umum. Tulisan ini mencoba menelusuri kemungkinan terlibatnya agama dalam agenda pembangunan dengan dinamika keberagamaan di Indonesia sebagai sekop pembahasannya. Melalui pendekatan deskriptif dengan menggunakan data dari studi pustaka, Penulis mengambil pembahasan utama yang memaparkan tiga agama dengan kasus yang berbeda, diantaranya: Islam di Indonesia, Protestan dalam perspektif Max Weber, dan Era Tokugawa di Jepang, yang menjelaskan tentang proses dan agenda pembangunan sebagai hasil dari ide-ide agama. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa keterlibatan ide-ide agama dan spiritualitas dapat berkontribusi terhadap proses pembangunan apabila modernisasi dipandang sebagai sesuatu yang konstruktif bukan sebagai konflik, serta di dukung dengan nilai solidaritas dari Ummat. Kata Kunci: Agama, Pembangunan, Islam, Etika Protestan, Agama Tokugaw