Jurnal Ilmiah Hubungan Internasional
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ASEAN Regional Potentials for Combating COVID-19
No full textThe coronavirus disease (now known as COVID-19) has quickly spread across the world. Due to the rapid increasein the number of cases, COVID-19 has been declared by WHO as a global pandemic and has affected many aspectsof human lives. Various policies have been taken by the governments at the national level such as 'lockdown' policyor advanced social distancing. The threat of this global pandemic is transnational in nature, hence, regional andmultilateral cooperation would be required. In this case, ASEAN members have already discussed several collectivesteps at the regional level. Thus, this article intends to explore and elaborate on the potentials of ASEAN toencourage the realization of states' cooperation and commitments to fight the regional challenges under theoutbreak condition
Alliance Dilemma with the U.S. and the Reconceptualization of Japanese Pacifism
No full textThis paper aims to explain the alliance dilemma between the United States and Japan and its impact on the reconceptualization of Japanese pacifism. It implies a decline in one-country pacifism intensity and increasingly flexible reinterpretations of Article 9. Through this research, it turns out that Japan’s lower position of bargaining leverage than the U.S. and the risk of entrapment in alliance dilemma between the U.S. and Japan affect the reconceptualization of pacifism in Japan. The conclusion draws on the findings through the theoretical framework of Glenn Snyder’s Alliance Dilemma, with James D. Morrow’s concept of Autonomy and Security. The term ‘alliance dilemma’ refers to two possible choices states could pick to avoid certain risks in the alliance: “C” strategy (to cooperate) or “D” strategy (to defect). The analysis reveals that Japan is more inclined to choose “C” strategy since it is very dependent on the U.S. As the bad prospective in “C” strategy eventually comes into effect, Japan’s lower position of bargaining leverage than the U.S. and the risk of entrapment it bears become the reasons of reconceptualization of its pacifism
Paradiplomacy Pemerintah Kota Bandung Melalui Kerja Sama Sister City
No full textVarious forms of international cooperation that have been carried out by the Bandung City include receipt of grant funds, short-term investments, infrastructure assistance, youth exchanges, scholarships, and cultural cooperation. The paradigm forms other than consisting of investment searches also consist of sister cities, the establishment of joint projects, and various forms of delegation delivery carried out between subnational actors. The position of this study seeks to examine the involvement of city governments, especially Bandung City in carrying out their foreign relations, which then focuses on understanding how the sister city concept that has been widely practiced in various countries can be seen through the paradigm approach in Indonesia. The paradigm of Bandung City in the form of a sister city with its city partners has resulted in several benefits as well as opportunities to improve the welfare of the city community while participating in national development especially in developing Indonesian diplomacy.
Ketergantungan Negara terhadap Pasar Internasional dalam Mencapai Ketahanan Pangan (Dengan fokus perbandingan negara Indonesia dengan Vietnam, Malaysia, dan Amerika Serikat)
No full textFood security become very important as food crisis occurred in 2008. Under the administration of Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono in 2009 to 2014, the crisis due to increase in population in Indonesia encourages increase in food demand. However, to fulfill Indonesia’s food demand it still depends on the availability from international market. This research aims to analyze why countries like Indonesia dependent on international markets for food security aspect despite having the capability to achieve fulfillment on food. To analyze the reasons, the concepts of comparative advantage, dependency, and national capabilities will be use to analyze the factors on why nations depend on international market to achieve its food security. Accompanied by a comparison between Indonesia with Vietnam, Malaysia, and United States to see the similarities and differences to achieved food security in the international market. With qualitative research methods and comparison focus on explanative research also using literature studies in data collection. The results of this study finds that Indonesia dependence are influenced by comparative advantage policy of other countries which in this case are Vietnam and Malaysia, the international market system that encourages dependency, and Indonesia inability to maximizing its national capability compared to United States. Keywords: dependency, comparative advantage, national capabilities, Indonesia, food security
COVID-19 dan Implikasi Bagi Usaha Mikro, Kecil, dan Menengah
No full textPandemi COVID-19 memberikan implikasi ekonomi, sosial, dan politik tidak saja negara-negara besar akan tetapi hamper seluruh negara di dunia. Rasanya tidak ada satu negarapun yang tidak terdampak pandemic COVID-19 saat ini. Indonesia adalah salah satu negara yang terdampak terutama pada sisi ekonomi. Indonesia yang didominasi oleh Usaha Mikro, kecil, dan Menengah (UMKM) perlu memberikan perhatian khusus terhadap sektor ini karena kontribusi UMKM terhadap pereknomian nasional yang cukup besar. Tulisan pendek ini mencoba untuk menganalisa dampak pandemi COVID-19 terhadap eksistensi UMKM di Indonesia dan bagaimana solusi darurat dalam membantu UMKM bertahan dalam situasi pandemi COVID-19
The Securitization of China\u27s Technology Companies in the United States of America
No full textThis paper aims to explain the securitization process of China’s technology companies by the U.S Government. Whilethe U.S has been aware of the cyber threat since 1998, before Trump's presidency, the U.S. Government had nevertaken drastic measures against foreign technology companies based on national security pretext. This paper revealedthat the U.S. Executive has succeeded in securitizing the Chinese hardware and software companies, proved by theincreasing number of U.S. Citizens, see China as a major threat to the U.S
Pengaruh Rezim Ekonomi Politik Terhadap Economic Security Pasca People’s War di Nepal
No full textAbstractThe ten years People’s war or civil war in Nepal during 1996-2006, has resulted in human insecurity particularly the threat of economic security and personal security. The existence of political and economic regime brought after the end of civil war in Nepal has led to structural violence for communities such as the deprivation of political, economic and social rights. This paper will explain how the influence of political and economic regime syndicate brought after Nepal\u27s civil war to human security, particularly on economic security dimensions and efforts to overcome it. The study uses descriptive qualitative analysis through literature study that collected from journal articles and previous research reports. The results show that the existence pf political and economic regime in Nepal has brought Nepal as one of the world\u27s poorest countries in the dimensions of monetary and non-monetary poverty. For that reason, social protection and foreign assistance are required to build a positive peace in Nepal. Abstrak Perang sipil atau yang disebut sebagai Peole’s War selama sepuluh tahun di Nepal antara tahun 19998-2006 telah mengakibatkan human insecurity khususnya terkait ancaman keamanan ekonomi dan keamanan individu (person) bagi masyarakat di Nepal. Keberadaan rezim ekonomi politik yang dibawa pasca berakhirnya perang sipil di Nepal telah menimbulkan adanya kekerasan struktural yang dialami oleh masyarakat seperti perampasan hak politik, ekonomi maupun sosial. Tulisan ini akan menjelaskan bagaimana pengaruh sindikat rezim politik dan ekonomi yang dibawa setelah perang sipil di Nepal terhadap keamanan manusia (human security) khususnya pada aspek keamanan ekonomi dan upaya untuk mengatasi hal tersebut. Kajian dalam tulisan ini menggunakan analisis deskriptif kualitatif melalui studi pustaka yang dikumpukan dari artikel jurnal maupun laporan penelitian terdahulu. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa keberadaan rezim politik dan ekonomi di Nepal telah membawa Nepal sebagai salah satu negara termiskin di dunia dalam dimensi kemiskinan moneter dan non-moneter. Untuk itu, upaya perlindungan sosial dan bantuan asing sangat diperlukan dalam rangka mewujudkan perdamaian positif di Nepal
Perbandingan Keefektifan Peace Enforcement oleh PMC’s dengan PBB dalam Resolusi Konflik di Sierra Leone
No full textKonflik interal yang terjadi di Sierra Leone pada tahun 1991 merupakan salah satu contoh sifat konflik yang mulai berubah semenjak berakhirnya Perang Dingin dimana konflik antarnegara mulai berkurang dan berubah menjadi konflik internal di dalam sebuah negara. Dalam hal ini upaya resolusi konflik pun perlu melakukan perubahan dimana dalam hal ini terdapat 2 badan yang memiliki legitimasi yaitu PBB dan PMC yang dalam resolusinya pun berbeda satu sama lainnya, dalam hal ini PBB lebih menggunakan cara persuasif dengan mengajak kedua pihak yang berkonflik untuk merundingkan bagaimana mengakhiri konflik secara diplomatis dan tanpa kekerasan dengan melakukan gencatan senjata, sedangkan PMC sendiri menggunakan cara kekerasan dalam resolusi konfliknya dengan membantu pemerintahan yang sedang berjalan untuk menanggulangi masalah gerilyawan tersebut secara militer dan memaksa mereka untuk berdamai dengan pemerintah, kedua hal ini memiliki kelebihan dan kekurangan masing-masing namun pada akhirnya ternyata cara penggunaan kekerasan dalam resolusi konflik terbukti lebih berhasil dalam mengurangi intensitas konflik yang terjadi
Analisis Kekuatan Hukum dan Politik Chevron dalam Kasus Tuduhan Perusakan Lingkungan di Ekuador
No full textKekuatan sebuah korporasi menjadi dilema bagi negara tempat dimana perusahaan tersebut beroperasi. Tendensi hadirnya korporasi selain mencari keuntungan juga untuk meraih kepentingan politik. Meningkatkan keuntungan merupakan aktivitas internal perusahaan, disamping itu aktivitas eksternalnya cenderung mencari kekuatan hukum. Aktivitas korporasi yang kompleks melibatkan negara dan masyarakat sebagai pengawas beroperasinya perusahaan. Apabila terjadi penyimpangan yang dilakukan korporasi maka akan ada upaya untuk menyelesaikannya melalui hukum negara penerima. Namun, kekuatan korporasi melalui tiga aspek yaitu komite aksi politik, lobi, dan kuasa hukum akan berjuang mempertahankan kerajaan bisnis dari halangan negara host. Kisah Chevron di Ekuador pada tahun 2009 hingga 2013 menjelaskan gugatan pengadilan Ekuador agar perusahaan ini mengganti rugi akibat kerusakan lingkungan di sungai dan hutan Amazon. Namun gugatan tersebut tidak membuat korporasi asal Amerika Serikat tesebut tunduk malah melakukan gugatan balik melalui pengadilan di New York dan pengadilan intenasional. Dengan indikator kekuatan korporasi yang digagas oleh Ted Nace, penelitian ini menjelaskan upaya Chevron menghadapi politik dan hukum Ekuador dalam kasus limbah di sungai dan hutan Amazon. Penulis beragumen bahwa kekuatan Chevron untuk mempertahankan kekuasaannya di Ekuador mampu memanfaatkan hak konstitusinya untuk mendapat perlindungan atas kasus yang dihadapi di host country sehingga mampu memberikan serangan balik bagi negara yang menuntut. Hak konstistusi merupakan aspek signifikan yang menangungi perusahaan sehingga mempunyai legitimasi untuk menuntut negara. Kata kunci: Korporasi, Chevron, Ekuador, kerusakan lingkungan, hukum, politi