Jurnal Ilmiah Hubungan Internasional
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Kesehatan Mental Perempuan dan Sinergitas Kebijakan Kesehatan Mental di Indonesia Terhadap Norma Internasional
No full textIndonesia is experiencing a mental health emergency. Mental health has long been an international norm thatratified by countries, including Indonesia. Global data and cases in Indonesia show that women suffer from more mental disorders than men. The causes of mental health disorders experienced by women come from biological factors due to hormonal changes, psychological reasons, social relationship, and the impact of environmental damage. So it is time for women\u27s mental health to be given serious attention. Unfortunately, in this research found that Indonesia does not yet have specific regulations regarding mental health for women, only general rules that are implicitly stated in Law Number 17 of 2023 Article 76 that “everyone has the right to access mental health services that are safe, quality and affordable” also psychiatric research regarding mental disorders in Indonesia is still limited. Second, this research found that the contents of Article 76 do not match the reality on the ground which is still far from the goals. Third, the role of actors from femocrats, women\u27s activists, and academics have built collaborative relationships through the formation of a cross-sector coordination forum, namely the Community Mental Health Steering Team (TPKJM) from the provincial, district/city and sub-districtlevels.
Keywords: Women\u27s Mental Health Indonesia; National Policy; International Norms; Velvet Triangles Concept,TPKJM.Indonesia is experiencing a mental health emergency. Mental health has long been an international norm thatratified by countries, including Indonesia. Global data and cases in Indonesia show that women suffer from more mental disorders than men. The causes of mental health disorders experienced by women come from biological factors due to hormonal changes, psychological reasons, social relationship, and the impact of environmental damage. So it is time for women\u27s mental health to be given serious attention. Unfortunately, in this research found that Indonesia does not yet have specific regulations regarding mental health for women, only general rules that are implicitly stated in Law Number 17 of 2023 Article 76 that “everyone has the right to access mental health services that are safe, quality and affordable” also psychiatric research regarding mental disorders in Indonesia is still limited. Second, this research found that the contents of Article 76 do not match the reality on the ground which is still far from the goals. Third, the role of actors from femocrats, women\u27s activists, and academics have built collaborative relationships through the formation of a cross-sector coordination forum, namely the Community Mental Health Steering Team (TPKJM) from the provincial, district/city and sub-districtlevels.
Keywords: Women\u27s Mental Health Indonesia; National Policy; International Norms; Velvet Triangles Concept,TPKJM
Ekofeminisme dari Selatan?
No full textTidak ada jalan tunggal menuju keadilan gender. Ini tercermin, antara lain, dari keragamanresep yang ditawarkan feminisme. Yang saling berbeda bukan saja resep para feminis liberal, feminis sosialis, feminis radikal, feminis pascastrukturalis, feminis pascakolonial, feminis ekologis, dan sebagainya. Di dalam masing-masing aliran pun terdapat opsi remedi yang sangat luas, belum lagi yang muncul dari irisan aneka aliran itu. Kekayaan ini diikat oleh beberapa komitmen metodologis, termasuk intersubjektivitas, interseksionalitas, dan refleksivitas. Epilog ini ditulis dalam rangka merayakan pluralisme metodologis di kalangan Komunitas Epistemik Gender dan Hubungan Internasional. Selain mengajak pembacanya mengapresiasi kelihaian penulis dalam mengaplikasikan ekofeminisme, epilog ini mencatat beberapa agenda penting guna mendorong “ekofeminisme dari Selatan.”Tidak ada jalan tunggal menuju keadilan gender. Ini tercermin, antara lain, dari keragaman resep yang ditawarkan feminisme. Yang saling berbeda bukan saja resep para feminis liberal, feminis sosialis, feminis radikal, feminis pascastrukturalis, feminis pascakolonial, feminis ekologis, dan sebagainya. Di dalam masing-masing aliran pun terdapat opsi remedi yang sangat luas, belum lagi yang muncul dari irisan aneka aliran itu. Kekayaan ini diikat oleh beberapa komitmen metodologis, termasuk intersubjektivitas, interseksionalitas, dan refleksivitas.
Epilog ini ditulis dalam rangka merayakan pluralisme metodologis di kalangan Komunitas Epistemik Gender dan Hubungan Internasional. Selain mengajak pembacanya mengapresiasi kelihaian penulis dalam mengaplikasikan ekofeminisme, epilog ini mencatat beberapa agenda penting guna mendorong “ekofeminisme dari Selatan.” 
Gender Disparities in Climate Resilience: Amplifying Voices of Women in Climate Change Issue in Indonesia’s Chairmanship of ASEAN 2023
No full textIndonesia officially received the mandate as Chair of ASEAN from January 1 to December 31, 2023. During the post-COVID-19 pandemic, in the period 2022-2023 Indonesia received appreciation from the international community regarding the successful organization of international forums including the G-20. Indonesia\u27s attitude is considered to remain neutral and maximize Indonesia\u27s function as a middle-power at the level of multilateralism, amid geopolitical conflicts such as the Ukraine-Russia conflict and regional instability in the Middle East. But on the other hand, there are other issues in the realm of low politics, including the issue of climate change and women\u27s vulnerability. As a region with a long coastline, it has a high potential risk as a chain effect of climate change. In addition, the gender disparity that is still quite high in this region is one of the factors that make women vulnerable to climate change issues, such as vulnerability in the labor, health and gender-based violence sectors. This paper focuses on seeing the extent to which Indonesia\u27s role as chair of ASEAN in 2023 advocates the issue of climate change in a gender framework. The concept of Gender Equality and Social Inclusion (GESI) which focuses on women\u27s participation in the public sector and policy initiation is used as a framework. The expected results of this study can show the relationship between environmental issues and women\u27s vulnerability and the imbalance between women\u27s participation in the public sector and policy initiation.
Keywords: GESI, women, climate change, ASEAN Chairmanship, Indonesia. Indonesia secara resmi mendapat mandat sebagai Ketua ASEAN pada 1 Januari hingga 31 Desember 2023. Selama paska pandemi COVID-19, pada kurun waktu 2022-2023 Indonesia mendapatkan apresiasi dari dunia internasional terkait suksesnya penyelenggaraan forum internasional termasuk G-20. Sikap Indonesia dinilai tetap netral dan memaksimalkan fungsi Indonesia sebagai middle-power di level multilateralisme, di tengah konflik geopolitik seperti konflik Ukraina-Rusia serta instabilitas kawasan di Timur Tengah. Namun di sisi lain terdapat isu lain di ranah low politic, termasuk isu perubahan iklim dan kerentanan perempuan. Sebagai kawasan dengan garis pantai yang cukup panjang, memiliki potensi resiko yang tinggi sebagai efek berantai dari perubahan iklim. Selain itu, disparitas gender yang masih cukup tinggi di kawasan ini menjadi salah satu faktor yang membuat perempuan menjadi pihak yang cukup rentan pada permasalahan perubahan iklim, seperti misalnya kerentanan di sektor tenaga kerja, kesehatan dan kekerasan berbasis gender. Tulisan ini berfokus untuk melihat sejauh mana peran Indonesia sebagai ketua ASEAN pada tahun 2023 mengadvokasi isu climate change dalam kerangka pikir gender. Konsep Gender Equality and Social Inclusion (GESI) yang menitikberatkan pada partisipasi perempuan di sektor publik dan inisiasi kebijakan digunakan sebagai kerangka berpikir. Hasil yang diharapkan penelitian ini dapat menunjukkan keterkaitan antara isu lingkungan dan kerentanan perempuan serta ketimpangan kuasa yang dimiliki oleh negara dan aktor internasional dalam mengadvokasi isu lingkungan
Perempuan dan Kesadaran Arti Pohon: Studi Kasus Etnobotani
No full textThe issue of global warming resulting from carbon emissions of greenhouse gas is a concern for nations inthe world including Indonesia. The Indonesian government has launched several programs for mitigation, including planting trees in urban areas. In 2007, Indonesia introduced Women Planting Trees and Management, WomenPlanting Trees Movements and Food Resilience Program (GPT-PKP), and other programs. Research explored theprogram implementation in Indonesia by collecting data and analyzing women\u27s knowledge, perceptions, awareness,and actions for planting trees and their management. Surveys were conducted for data on the meaning of treessocially, economically, and environmentally. After completion surveys, the good participants were interviewed deeply and observed to prove their genuine awareness and action for planting and maintaining trees in their daily lives. Research revealed planting trees did not provide social and economic benefits. Trees taproots damaged walls and buildings, leaves made yards dirty, and lack of appreciation for being an environmentally friendly person by planting trees.
Keywords: Awareness of trees, Indonesian government program, social and economic benefits, women,The issue of global warming resulting from carbon emissions of greenhouse gas is a concern for nations inthe world including Indonesia. The Indonesian government has launched several programs for mitigation, including planting trees in urban areas. In 2007, Indonesia introduced Women Planting Trees and Management, WomenPlanting Trees Movements and Food Resilience Program (GPT-PKP), and other programs. Research explored theprogram implementation in Indonesia by collecting data and analyzing women\u27s knowledge, perceptions, awareness,and actions for planting trees and their management. Surveys were conducted for data on the meaning of treessocially, economically, and environmentally. After completion surveys, the good participants were interviewed deeply and observed to prove their genuine awareness and action for planting and maintaining trees in their daily lives. Research revealed planting trees did not provide social and economic benefits. Trees taproots damaged walls and buildings, leaves made yards dirty, and lack of appreciation for being an environmentally friendly person by planting trees.
Keywords: Awareness of trees, Indonesian government program, social and economic benefits, women
Pergeseran Penghidupan dan Agensi Perempuan
No full textIn the last two decades, Sumba Island has experienced a shift in livelihood patterns after the extension of four regencies in the region. The change was initiated by Indonesia\u27s development program through agro-industrial expansion in areas considered less fertile. In addition, the hilly characteristics of the region with vast grasslands and also the traditions of the Marapu indigenous people in Sumba have attracted the attention of the tourism industry. Therefore, indigenous communities have experienced a shift in land ownership systems and some of them have shifted to livelihood strategies of small farm management to non-agricultural activities, such as mining or becoming migrant workers. These changes also affect the gender division of labor and also the symbolic values of Sumba\u27s indigenous people, such as weaving activities carried out by women. They utilize the skills they have acquired over generations to respond to these conditions and support their family\u27s and community’s resilience. To understand changes in livelihood conditions, the meaning of symbols, and women\u27s narratives, this research uses qualitative methods within the Sustainable Livelihood Framework with an ecofeminism perspective. This research discusses how the agency of women weavers in responding to changes in livelihood patterns amid the implementation of capitalist-patriarchal oriented development programs. The findings of this study show that the agency and activism of women weavers are influenced by affective historical factors by adapting the symbolic value of weaving customs into economic and emancipatory values.
Keywords: livelihood, women weavers, family, community, agency, development programs.Sekitar dua dekade terakhir, Pulau Sumba mengalami pergeseran pola penghidupan pasca pemekaran empat kabupaten di wilayah tersebut. Perubahan tersebut diawali dengan program pembangunan di Indonesia melalui perluasan agro-industrial di wilayah yang dianggap kurang subur. Selain itu karakteristik wilayahnya yang berbukit dengan padang rumput yang luas dan juga tradisi masyarakat adat Marapu di Sumba telah menarik perhatian industri pariwisata. Oleh sebab itu, masyarakat adat mengalami peralihan sistem kepemilikan lahan dan sebagian mereka beralih pada strategi penghidupan pengelolaan pertanian kecil hingga aktivitas nonpertanian, seperti pertambangan atau menjadi tenaga kerja migran. Perubahan ini juga mempengaruhi pembagian kerja gender dan juga nilai simbolis masyarakat adat Sumba, seperti aktivitas menenun yang dilakukan oleh para perempuan. Mereka memanfaatkan keterampilan yang mereka peroleh secara turun-temurun untuk merespon kondisi tersebut dan menunjang resiliensi keluarga dan komunitasnya. Untuk memahami perubahan kondisi penghidupan, makna simbol, serta narasi perempuan, penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dalam Kerangka Kerja Penghidupan Berkelanjutan berperspektif ekofeminisme. Penelitian ini membahas bagaimana agensi para perempuan penenun dalam merespon perubahan pola penghidupan di tengah implementasi program pembangunan yang berorientasi kapitalis-patriarki. Temuan dari penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa agensi dan aktivisme para perempuan penenun dipengaruhi oleh faktor sejarah afektif dengan mengadaptasi nilai simbolis adat tenun menjadi bernilai ekonomis dan emansipatoris.
Kata Kunci: penghidupan, perempuan penenun, keluarga, komunitas, agensi, program pembangunan
Reviewing the Foreign Policy of the Republic of Indonesia Through President Jokowi\u27s Visit to South Africa in 2023
No full textIn August 2023, President Joko Widodo visited several African countries i.e. The Republic of Kenya, United Republic of Tanzania, The Republic of Mozambique and The Republic of South Africa. It was his first visit to Africa during his term since 2014. While the visit covered four African countries, this article discusses only his visit to South Africa where he attended the BRICS forum. In particular this article focuses on Indonesia’s multilateral diplomacy in the BRICS’ forum, the position of Indonesia in the global political stage and its role both at the global and regional levels. Despite Indonesia not yet becoming a member of BRICS, its presence in the BRICS forum in South Africa in 2023 shows that Indonesia’s position in the global political stage has been increasing. Moreover, the presence also opened an opportunity for Indonesia to establish the new direction of its foreign policy and diplomacy not only among BRICS member states but also with South Africa and other African countries for achieving the objective and interest of global in the future was very dynamic in everytime.
Keywords: President Joko Widodo; Indonesia; South Africa; Africa; BRICSIn August 2023, President Joko Widodo visited several African countries i.e. The Republic of Kenya, United Republic of Tanzania, The Republic of Mozambique and The Republic of South Africa. It was his first visit to Africa during his term since 2014. While the visit covered four African countries, this article discusses only his visit to South Africa where he attended the BRICS forum. In particular this article focuses on Indonesia’s multilateral diplomacy in the BRICS’ forum, the position of Indonesia in the global political stage and its role both at the global and regional levels. Despite Indonesia not yet becoming a member of BRICS, its presence in the BRICS forum in South Africa in 2023 shows that Indonesia’s position in the global political stage has been increasing. Moreover, the presence also opened an opportunity for Indonesia to establish the new direction of its foreign policy and diplomacy not only among BRICS member states but also with South Africa and other African countries for achieving the objective and interest of global in the future was very dynamic in everytime.
Keywords: President Joko Widodo; Indonesia; South Africa; Africa; BRIC
The Saint, Education and Ecofeminism: Analyzing the Empowerment and Development of Children and Women in the Zawiyya Ahansal Moroccco
No full textZawiyya as a place of teaching and spreading Islam in Morocco has had quite a significant influence. An Igurramen, or zawiya leader in the Berber tribe, is able to mobilize the population around him with his religious influence. Zawiyya Ahansal as a place of Islamic teaching in the Atlas Mountains has its own challenges as a marginalized area. The Igurramen collaborated with Cloe Medina Erickson to build the Atlas Cultural Foundationto develop and empower the people around the zawiyya, especially children and women, hence this action shows the collaborative care and awareness between the saint, educator, and ecofeminist. This article aims to provide an analysis of the conditions of children and women\u27s development and empowerment in Zawiyya Ahansal, Morocco.
Keywords: zawiyya, Ahansal, Morocco, ecofeminis
Gender-Responsive Policy in Water Management: An Outlook in ‘Citarum Harum’s Program
No full textIn Indonesia, rivers, crucial for clean water, currently face alarming pollution. Unfortunately, women, key in ensuring water quality, lack opportunities. This study aims to depict the state of the Citarum River, women\u27s involvement, and propose ways for women to optimize their role in managing domestic waste for river restoration. Using qualitative methods, the research identifies a connection between environmental issues and patriarchal challenges, emphasizing the need for comprehensive, gender-friendly policies. Recommendations from UN Water policies can be adapted for effective implementation in Indonesia. According to the research, the issue of the environment or water is a component of the traditional patriarchy problem, requiring gender-friendly strategies at all tiers. Even with initiatives to include women in areas such as water empowerment, women continue to be excluded from decision-making processes. Based on the research, it is recommended that women be made aware of their significance in gender-friendly policies and that their opinions should be considered during the decision-making process.
Keywords: rivers, water quality, women\u27s empowermen
The Interplay of Public/Private and Agent/Victim Dualism in Sustainable Living Practice: Indonesia’s Case
No full textAn examination of sustainable living practices through the lens of ecofeminism is the subject of this article. In this article, sustainable living practices refers to the actual implementation of environmentalism ideas in everyday situation. The selection of this subject is deemed significant due to the prevailing trend in environmental literature to associate it as pro-environmental behaviour that, unlike environmental activism, exclusively with the uppermiddle class, thereby rendering it feeble, apolitical, and inconsequential. This study aims to evaluate the correlation between pro-environmental behaviour and environmental action and activism by examining sustainable living practices through the lens of gender. Departing from Ecofeminism, it attempts to incorporate insights from relevant literature to enhance the discussion. Availing from exploratory field observations, this study uses Indonesia as a case studies. The study found that, in addition to the availability of social media and spiritualfactors, there are educational orientation that, related to cultural and religious aspects, bridges private/public elements as well as agents/victims division in Ecofeminism discourse. The transformation of the movement’s character from individualist to collectivist is influenced by global political dynamics, as well as showing the moral and spiritual orientation of this movement.
Keywords: sustainable living practice, ecofeminism, environmental care, pro-environmental behaviour, environmental activismDiskusi mengenai praktik hidup berkelanjutan melalui lensa ekofeminisme menjadi subjek dari artikel ini. Dalam artikel ini, istilah praktik hidup berkelanjutan mengacu pada implementasi aktual dari ide-ide environmentalisme dalam situasi sehari-hari. Pemilihan subjek ini dianggap penting karena literatur lingkungan cenderung mengaitkannya sebagai perilaku ramah-lingkungan yang, tidak seperti aktivisme lingkungan, secara eksklusif hanya berlaku untuk kelas menengah ke atas, sehingga membuatnya terlihat lemah, apolitik, dan tidak berdampak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi hubungan di antara perilaku ramah-lingkungan dan aktivisme lingkungan dengan mengecek praktik hidup berkelanjutan melalui lensa gender. Berangkat dari Ecofeminisme, artikel ini mencoba mengembangkan wawasan dari literatur yang relevan untuk memperkaya diskusi. Memanfaatkan hasil observasi lapangan yang bersifat eksploratif, penelitian ini menggunakan studi kasus Indonesia. Studi ini menemukan bahwa, di samping ketersediaan media sosial dan faktor spiritual, terdapat orientasi pendidikan yang, terkait dengan aspek budaya dan agama, menjembatani pemisahan unsur privat/publik dan agen/korban dalam wacana Ecofeminisme. Transformasi sifat gerakan dari yang awalnya individualis menjadi kolektif dipengaruhi adanya dinamika politik global, sekaligus memperlihatkan adanya orientasi moral dan spiritual dari gerakan ini.
Kata kunci: praktik hidup berkelanjutan, Ecofeminism, perawatan lingkungan, perilaku ramah lingkungan, aktivisme lingkunga
The role of "The Power of Mama" in addressing fires and forest degradation in Ketapang, Indonesia
No full textIn recent years, the destruction of forests, which can take many forms including deforestation and forest fires, has emerged as a major concern worldwide, and Indonesia is no exception. The deforestation rate in Indonesia is rising annually due to a number of factors, including decentralization and illegal land conversion. Kalimantan, known as the "lungs of the world," is the most impacted area, accounting for 51% of total tree cover loss between 2001 and 2022. This situation is alarming as it undermines the sustainability of the flora and fauna ecosystem and directly affects global warming. The government has intensified its efforts to prevent and manage forest fires, working in collaboration with businesses and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) like Greenpeace to reduce the risk of forest damage. In addition to these efforts, a protection initiative by a group of women in Ketapang, West Kalimantan, has gained public attention. Known as The Power of Mama, this group, as the one most affected by forest fires, undertakes heroic effortsto stop forest destruction. This research aims to examine the impact of The Power of Mama on forest degradation and fire management in Ketapang, West Kalimantan. Using a nonviolence approach that emphasizes alternative strategies and tactics leading away from violence, this study demonstrates the long-term positive impact of The Power of Mama through patrols, outreach, counselling, and third-party intervention in managing forest damage and fires. Furthermore,using qualitative methods and focusing on secondary data collection, this research reveals several challenges encountered by The Power of Mama in implementing its actions. Despite these challenges, The Power of Mama\u27s nonviolent strategies and efforts have achieved widespread recognition and have positively impacted sustainability. This is particularly evident in the recognition that women are not only victims of environmental degradation but also play a significant role in environmental protection.
Keywords: Non-violence; The Power of Mama; forest destruction; forest fires; women communit