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KANDUNGAN BEBERAPA POLUTAN DAN KADAR DEBU PADA DAUN KETAPANG (Terminalia catappa L.) DI KOTA SAMARINDA PROVINSI KALIMANTAN TIMUR: The Pollutant and Dust Contents in the Leaves of Terminalia catappa L. in Samarinda City East Kalimantan Province
Get PDFThe vegetation has many roles, including the ability to reduce pollutants. Ketapang (Terminalia catappa L.) is a species of tree that is often recommended as a shade plant, because it has many advantages including as a pollutant reducing agent.The purposes of this study were to analyse the content of pollutants (lead (Pb), iron (Fe), and manganese (Mn)), and the dust content of ketapang leaves and compare that pollutant and dust contents based on three area categories (highway, residential area, and vegetated area) in Samarinda City, East Kalimantan Province. The calculation of the number of vehicles that pass around the study site was carried out using the Traffic Survey application. Dimensional measurements of sample trees included diameter at breast height (DBH), tree height, and percentage of tree canopy. The analysis of pollutant contents was done by using AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer) with a wet digestion process. The dust content was calculated using the formula where for the calculation of leaf area using millimeter blocks. The result showed that the highest Pb content (100.00 mg/kg), Fe content (347.00 mg/kg), and Mn content (564.00 mg/kg) were in ketapang leaves in Jalan M. Yamin, Jalan Pahlawan, and Jalan M. Yamin, respectively. The highest and lowest dust content were in ketapang leaves in Jalan Pahlawan (0.00316 g/cm2) and Perumahan Bumi Sempaja (0,00024 g/cm2). Based on the area categories, the highest Pb, Fe, Mn, and dust contents were in ketapang leaves that grow on the highway compared to residential and vegetated area. It can be caused by the large number of vehicles passing and canopy density. Information on the pollutant and dust contents in tree leaves can be taken into consideration in selecting plants in different areas.Vegetasi mempunyai banyak peranan diantaranya kemampuan sebagai reduktor polutan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis kandungan polutan (timbal (Pb), besi (Fe), dan mangan (Mn)), dan kadar debu pada daun ketapang (Terminalia catappa) dan membandingkan kandungan polutan dan kadar debu tersebut berdasarkan tiga kategori kawasan berbeda (jalan raya, pemukiman, dan areal bervegetasi) di Kota Samarinda, Provinsi Kalimantan Timur. Analisis polutan dilakukan dengan menggunakan SSA (Spektrofotometer Serapan Atom) dan proses destruksi basah. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa kandungan Pb tertinggi (100,00 mg/kg), Fe tertinggi (347,00 mg/kg), dan Mn tertinggi (564,00 mg/kg) berturut-turut adalah pada daun-daun ketapang di Jalan M. Yamin, Jalan Pahlawan, dan Jalan M. Yamin. Kadar debu tertinggi dan terendah adalah pada daun-daun ketapang di Jalan Pahlawan (0,00316 gram/cm2) dan Perumahan Bumi Sempaja (0,00024 gram/cm2). Berdasarkan kategori kawasan, Pb, Fe, Mn, dan kadar debu tertinggi terdapat daun-daun ketapang yang tumbuh di jalan raya. Hal ini dapat disebabkan oleh banyaknya jumlah kendaraan yang melintas dan kerapatan kanopi. Informasi tentang kandungan polutan pada daun-daun pohon dapat menjadi bahan pertimbangan dalam pemilihan tanaman di berbagai kawasan berbeda
AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN DAN ANTIBAKTERI BAGIAN RANTING DAN BATANG TUMBUHAN KARAMUNTING (Melastoma malabathricum): Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activity of The Twigs and Stem Bark of Karamunting Plants (Melastoma malabathricum)
Get PDFEast Kalimantan is one of the areas that have the potential for various traditional medicinal plants. Melastoma malabathricum (known locally as karamunting, senduduk) is an invasive plant in the family of Melastomataceae with a potential medicinal plant. This study explored the potential of twigs and stem bark of Karamunting (Melastoma malabathricum) for its antioxidant and antibacterial activity. The twigs and stem bark of Karamunting were macerated to yield ethanolic extract. The phytochemical screening was evaluated by Harborne and Kokate methods. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH radical scavenging assay. Antibacterial activity was examined using agar well diffusion method against Propionibacterium acnes. The results showed that the ethanol extracts of twigs and stem bark samples display an ability to inhibit DPPH free radical by 82% and 88% at 50 ppm concentration. Antibacterial activity of the twigs and stem bark samples showed potent activity to inhibit the P. acnes growth with 11.3 mm and 11 mm inhibition activity. Based on the results, the twigs and stem bark of M. malabathricum plants display potential as a natural antioxidant and antibacterial agent.Kalimantan Timur merupakan salah satu daerah yang memiliki potensi tumbuhan obat tradisional yang beragam. Tumbuhan Melastoma malabathricum yang lebih dikenal dengan nama lokal karamunting atau senduduk, merupakan salah satu jenis tumbuhan invasif dalam famili Melastomataceae yang merupakan tumbuhan obat potensial. Penelitian ini menguji potensi antoksidan dan antibakteri dari bagian ranting dan batang tumbuhan Karamunting (M. malabathricum). Tumbuhan karamunting bagian ranting dan batang dimaserasi untuk mendapatkan ekstrak etanol. Pengujian kandungan metabolit sekunder tumbuhan dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode Harborne dan Kokate. Pengujian aktivitas antioksidan dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode radikal bebas DPPH. Pengujian aktivitas antibakteri dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode difusi agar sumuran terhadap bakteri Propionibacterium acnes. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol dari bagian ranting dan batang memiliki potensi menghambat radikal bebas DPPH dengan persentase 82 % dan 88% penghambatan pada konsentrasi 50 ppm. Hasil pengujian antibakteri menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak tumbuhan memiliki potensi menghambat bakteri Propionibacterium acnes pada konsentrasi 80 µg dengan nilai penghambatan pada bagian ranting sebesar 11,3 mm dan bagian batang sebesar 11 mm. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang dilakukan, bagian ranting dan batang dari tumbuhan Karamunting (M. malabathricum) memiliki potensi sebagai antioksidan dan antibakteri alami
EFEKTIVITAS METODE PENGASAPAN BERBAHAN LIMBAH KAYU JATI (Tectona grandis) TERHADAP KEAWETAN KAYU DAMAR (Agathis sp.): The Effectiveness of Smoking-Method preservatives using Teak (Tectona grandis) Wood Waste to The Durability of Agathis Wood (Agathis sp)
Get PDFThis study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of the smoking method using teak (Tectona grandis) wood waste in the agathis (Agathis sp) wood preservation process. The smoking process was done by putting teak wood waste into the combustion chamber and inserting agathis wood into the smoke room. The smoking duration was divided into 6 hours, 9 hours, and 12 hours with a maximum temperature ±70°C. The analysis carried out was an analysis of the chemical compound using GC-MS pyrolysis and testing the termite based on SNI 7207-2014. The results of GC-MS showed that the resin wood treated with smoking contained anti-termite compounds, namely phenolic, phenyl, and acid compounds, with the highest composition of 92.76% obtained from the duration of 12 hours of smoking. The termite test results showed that untreated wood had a higher weight loss and lower termite mortality than smoked wood. Meanwhile, the longer the smoking process, the lower the wood weight loss with the same mortality rate of 100%. It can be concluded that the smoking method using teak wood effectively increases the durability value of agathis against termites Coptotermes curvignathus.Tingginya nilai produksi kayu damar (Agathis sp.) tidak sejalan dengan prospek pemanfaatannya yang terbatas oleh sifat keawetan yang rendah. Metode pengasapan dapat menjadi solusi untuk meningkatkan keawetan dari kayu damar dengan lebih alami dan tanpa penggunaan bahan sintetis. Di sisi lain, pemanfaatan limbah industri penggergajian seperti kayu jati (Tectona grandis) sebagai bahan baku pengasapan dapat turut membantu pengembangan zero waste dan meningkatkan nilai ekonomis dari limbah tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis efektivitas metode pengasapan menggunakan kayu jati pada proses pengawetan kayu damar. Pengasapan dilakukan dengan durasi yang berbeda yakni 6 jam, 9 jam, dan 12 jam. Analisis yang dilakukan adalah analisis kandungan kimia menggunakan pirolisis GC-MS dan pengujian terhadap rayap Coptotermes curvignathus berdasarkan SNI 7207-2014. Hasil identifikasi GC-MS menunjukkan bahwa kayu damar yang telah diberi perlakuan pengasapan mengandung senyawa anti rayap berupa senyawaan fenolik, phenyl, dan asam, dengan komposisi tertinggi yakni sebesar 92.76% diperoleh dari durasi 12 jam pengasapan. Sementara, hasil pengujian rayap menunjukkan semakin lama proses pengasapan dilakukan maka mortalitas rayap semakin meningkat seiring dengan penurunan berat kayu yang semakin berkurang. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa metode pengasapan menggunakan kayu jati dengan durasi 12 jam efektif meningkatkan nilai keawetan dari kayu damar terhadap rayap Coptotermes curvignathus
KARAKTERISTIK PEREKAT DAN PEREKATAN TANIN RESORSINOL FORMALDEHIDA PADA SIREKAT AKASIA (Acacia mangium) dan PULAI (Alstonia scholaris): Adhesion and Adhesive Characteristics of Tannins Resorcinol Formaldehyde on Sirekat Acacia (Acacia mangium) and Pulai (Alstonia scholaris)
Get PDFThe composition of the adhesive content of Tannin Resorcinol Formaldehyde (TRF) is considered more environmentally friendly to use when compared to the phenol resorcinol formaldehyde (RPF) adhesive. In this study to test the strength of the adhesive, acacia (Acacia mangium) and pulai (Alstonia scholaris) were used. This study aims to determine: 1. The characteristics and quality of the adhesive composition of eucalyptus bark tannins, resorcinol and formaldehyde based on SNI 6/4567/1998; and 2. The strength of the gluing composition of eucalyptus bark tannins, resorcinol and formaldehyde on acacia and pulai wood syrup based on SNI 6/6049/1999. The research was conducted using a non-factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of 6 treatments of adhesive composition with 5 repetitions, in order to obtain 30 test samples. The data obtained from the research results were analyzed by means of variance using SPSS 20. Furthermore, if the variance results have a significant effect, further analysis will be carried out using Duncan\u27s New Multiple Range Test (DNMRT) at the 5% level. The results of the research that has been carried out, the six different adhesive compositions produce different values in each treatment, except for treatment P1. P1 has the shape and appearance of a jelly-shaped adhesive so that it cannot be tested and applied to acacia and pulai wood glue. Treatments P2 to P6 can be applied and used for testing and bonding. The pH test and gelatinization test of all treatments were included in SNI 6/4567/1998, the P2 viscosity test did not pass SNI 6/4567/1998. The shear bond strength test was carried out to determine the strength of the adhesive referring to SNI 6/6049/1999, the average value of the best wet shear adhesion test in treatment P6 was 7.89 N/mm2 and the highest average value of shear bonding strength dry on P5 treatment of 26,09 N/mm2.The composition of the adhesive content of Tannin Resorcinol Formaldehyde (TRF) is considered more environmentally friendly to use when compared to the phenol resorcinol formaldehyde (RPF) adhesive. In this study to test the strength of the adhesive, acacia (Acacia mangium) and pulai (Alstonia scholaris) were used. This study aims to determine: 1. The characteristics and quality of the adhesive composition of eucalyptus bark tannins, resorcinol and formaldehyde based on SNI 6/4567/1998. 2. The strength of the gluing composition of eucalyptus bark tannins, resorcinol and formaldehyde on acacia and pulai wood syrup based on SNI 6/6049/1999. The research was conducted using a non-factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of 6 treatments of adhesive composition with 5 repetitions, in order to obtain 30 test samples. The data obtained from the research results were analyzed by means of variance using SPSS 20. Furthermore, if the variance results have a significant effect, further analysis will be carried out using Duncan\u27s New Multiple Range Test (DNMRT) at the 5% level. The results of the research that has been carried out, the six different adhesive compositions produce different values in each treatment, except for treatment P1. P1 has the shape and appearance of a jelly-shaped adhesive so that it cannot be tested and applied to acacia and pulai wood glue. Treatments P2 to P6 can be applied and used for testing and bonding. The pH test and gelatinization test of all treatments were included in SNI 6/4567/1998, the P2 viscosity test did not pass SNI 6/4567/1998. The shear bond strength test was carried out to determine the strength of the adhesive referring to SNI 6/6049/1999, the average value of the best wet shear adhesion test in treatment P6 was 7.89 N/mm2 and the highest average value of shear bonding strength dry on P5 treatment of 26,09 N/mm2 
PERAN DAN MANFAAT KELEMBAGAAN KELOMPOK TANI PELESTARI HUTAN DALAM PENGELOLAAN TAMAN HUTAN RAYA NIPA-NIPA
Get PDFKelompok Tani Pelestari Hutan (KTPH) is a community organization of farmers around the forest. KTPH was formed to provide benefits to the community and forests to remain sustainable. This study aims to determine the role and institutional benefits of KTPH in the management of Nipa-Nipa Forest Park (TAHURA). This study used a survey/interview method for all members of the Tahura Nipa-Nipa forest conservation group and analyzed descriptively. The results of the study provide an overview of the institutional benefits of farmer groups for members. These benefits are that members can exchange farming experience, can exchange work skills in managing the Tahura Nipa-Nipa area. At the same time, the institutional role of farmer groups in the management of Nipa-Nipa Forest Park is capable of handling Tahura with the principle of agroforestry. Overall the forest conservation group (KTPH) in Tahura Nipa Nipa has benefits and roles in improving the economics of the members and, at the same time, maintaining the function of the Tahura to remain sustainable
KERAGAMAN RAYAP RHINOTERMITIDAE (ISOPTERA, INSEKTA) DI HUTAN PENDIDIKAN UNIVERSITAS HASANUDDIN: Diversity of Rhinotermitidae (Isoptera, Insecta) on Education Forest of Hasanuddin University
Get PDFRhinotermitidae is a family with many species which are pests to plants and buildings. This study aims to identify the species belonging to the Rhinotermitidae. The morphological characteristics of specimens collected by using the transect sampling protocol of forest types (natural forest, pine plantation, and mahogany plantation) in the Educational Forest were observed. The results showed that the number of termite specimens differed from each forest type, namely 36.4% obtained in natural forests, 38.4% in mahogany plantations, and 25.2% in pine plantations. The total of collected termites was 258 specimens, mostly members of Termitidae (67.4%) and others including members of Rhinotermitidae (32.6%). Based on morphological characteristics of the soldier of Rhinotermitidae, only two species were identified, namely Coptotermes curvignathus (Coptotermitinae) and Schedorhinotermes sp. (Rhinotermitinae) with a predominance of 88.5%
PENILAIAN INDIKATOR KESEHATAN HUTAN RAKYAT PADA BEBERAPA POLA TANAM (Studi kasus di Desa Buana Sakti, Kecamatan Batang Hari, Kabupaten Lampung Timur)
Get PDFAwareness of the importance of community forest health in various cropping patterns in Buana Sakti Village, Batang Hari District, East Lampung Regency is currently lacking, so better forest management is needed. Community forest has a function as a forest that can support community income. This study aims to obtain the value of community forest health indicators on monoculture, polyculture, and agroforestry cropping patterns. This research was conducted in a community forest in Buana Sakti Village, Batang Hari District, East Lampung Regency. This study uses the FHM (Forest Health Monitoring) method. The results showed that the indicators of community forest health used in monoculture planting patterns were productivity, vitality, location quality. In the polyculture planting patterns, namely productivity, vitality, site quality and biodiversity. Indicators used in agroforestry cropping patterns are productivity, vitality, site quality, and biodiversity
NILAI STATUS DAN PERUBAHAN KESEHATAN HUTAN MANGROVE (STUDI KASUS HUTAN MANGROVE DI DESA MARGASARI, KECAMATAN LABUHAN MARINGGAI, KABUPATEN LAMPUNG TIMUR): The Value of Status and Changes in Mangrove Forest Health (Case Study in Margasari Village, Labuhan Maringgai District, East Lampung Regency)
Get PDFhe mangrove forest in Margasari Village, Labuhan Maringgai District, East Lampung Regency is a mangrove forest ecosystem that holds a lot of potential, both physically, economically and ecologically. Therefore, the condition of the mangrove forest ecosystem must remain sustainable. Regular forest health monitoring can support the achievement of sustainable forest management, thereby ensuring the quality and quantity of forests. This study aims to determine the status and health changes of mangrove forests in Margasari Village, Labuhan Maringgai District, East Lampung Regency. The first measurement was carried out in March 2019 and the second in March 2020 which is located in the mangrove forest of Margasari Village, Labuhan Maringgai District, East Lampung Regency. The stages of this research were the determination of cluster plots, making cluster plots, measuring forest health, processing and analyzing data, and assessing the health of mangrove forests, using the Forest Health Monitoring (FHM) method. The first measurement results obtained 50% "good" and "bad" status, while the second measurement results obtained 25% "medium" and "good" status and 50% "bad" status. Thus, there was a change in the value of the health condition of the mangrove forest in Margasari Village which tended to be quite unfavorable
KAJIAN POTENSI DAN STRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN EKOWISATA DI DANAU MATANO KABUPATEN LUWU TIMUR SULAWESI SELATAN
Get PDFThe aims of this study is to determine the strategy of tourism development in Matano Lake, East Luwu Regency South Sulawesi Province. The result of this study is expected to become a reference in management and development of ecotourism and empower local communities to improve their living standards. Data collection was carried out by direct observations of bio-physical and other supporting factors for ecotourism potency. In addition, deep interviews using questionnaire was also carried out to know the local people and government perception related to future ecotourism programs that could be applied in Matano Lake. Data analysis showed that there were 7 strategies that can be implemented for the development of ecotourism in Matano Lake, i.e. (1) to develop community-based ecotourism programs, (2) to develop potential of nature tourism in the area, (3) to undertake promotion programme and dissemination of information that are focused on nature-based tourism in Matano Lake for local people, (4) to increase involvement of managers, (5) to establish cooperation between all parties in the management area, (6) to recommend PT.Vale to involve in management area, such as to build infrastructure and equip facilities for eco-tourism and (7) to disseminate the development of ecotourism to the public
ANALISIS PENDAPATAN USAHA GULA AREN DI DESA GANTARANG KABUPATEN SINJAI SULAWESI SELATAN
Get PDFNon-timber forest products (NTFPs) has a significant role both from the economic aspect as well as the ecological and socio-cultural aspects. Aren (Arrenga pinnata Merr) is one of NTFPs that has high economic value so that it is managed and cultivated by the community, especially for those who live around the forest. However, the management of the palm sugar business is still simple and limited to household businesses for the fulfillment of daily life. This study aims to calculate the income earned by sugar palm processing farmers, especially in one village in Sinjai Regency, South Sulawesi. The data collection method was carried out through direct observation and interviews with 30 respondents for sugar block products and 5 respondents for palm sugar. The data analysis using net income including analysis of total costs and analysis of total revenues on sugar block and palm sugar. The results showed that this palm sugar business contributed to the income of the community, especially palm sugar processing farmers with an average income of Rp.10,864,500 per year for sugar block and Rp.7,555,200 for palm sugar. Palm farmers in Gantarang Village who produce sugar block have a higher income than those producing palm sugar because farmers generally produce sugar block. This is partly due to the amount of production produced, costs incurred, revenues and skills possessed by palm sugar processors