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SIFAT FISIS DAN MEKANIS PAPAN LAMINASI MENGGUNAKAN PENGAWET ALAMI BUAH BERENUK (Crescentia cujete) SEBAGAI ADITIF PADA PEREKAT TANIN: Physical Mechanical Properties of Laminated Lumber using Natural Preservatives Berenuk (Crescentia cujete) Fruit as an Additives of Tannin Adhesives
Get PDFTannin-based adhesives have drawn interest as a research topic because they can potentially be used in the wood panel industry as an alternative for synthetic adhesives containing formaldehyde. The development of this type of adhesives is expected not only because of the high durability of the panels produced, but also because of their high strength. The aim of this study was to determine the physical and mechanical properties of laminated lumber made from mahogany (Swietenia mahagoni) bark, with the addition of a biopesticide derived from berenuk fruit (also known as calabash fruit, Crescentia cujete) and wood from jabon merah (Anthocephalus macrophyllus). Laminated lumber (2 cm x 5 cm x 40 cm in thickness, width, and length, respectively) was manufactured with two layers of lamina. The physical and mechanical properties of the laminated lumbers were tested based on JAS 234-2007 standard. The result showed that laminated board from TBRF 0% and TBRF 5% adhesives met the standard for delamination test, and all laminated boards fulfilled the standard with regard to moisture content and formaldehyde emission test
SIFAT FISIKA BAMBU GALAH (Gigantochloa atter) BERDASARKAN ARAH AKSIAL DI KECAMATAN GUNUNG SARI KABUPATEN LOMBOK BARAT: Effects of Axial Directions to the Physical Properties of Galah Bamboo(Gigantochloa atter) in Gunung Sari Region, Western Lombok Regent
Get PDFLombok island is one of the islands in Indonesia which is rich in bamboo varieties and one of them is galah (Gigantochloa atter). This species is generally used for crafting and furniture by people of the Gunung Sari area, Western Lombok Regent. The study of the physical properties of this bamboo was important because they were correlated to bamboo quality especially for cutting, defects, boring, shaping, stripping, and sanding. The objective of this study was to understand the influence of axial directions (bottom, middle, and top portions) on physical properties and their values which were investigated with the experimental method. The experimental design was completed randomized design (CRD) employing axial directions as the parameters with three replications. The statistical analyses were Anova with range tests at α = 5%, and Least Significant Difference (LSD) tests at α = 5%. The results showed that the treatments of physical properties (axial directions at the bottom, middle, and top portions) of galah bamboo were not significantly different. The average fresh moisture content was 176.21%, air-dried moisture content 14.43%; fresh density 0.40; air-dried density 0.54; oven-dried density 0.51.Keywords: axial directions; density; galah bamboo; moisture content; physical propertie
EKSPLORASI PEWARNA DAN MOTIF ALAM PADA KAIN SUTERA DARI VEGETASI HUTAN: Exploration of Natural Colors and Motives on Silk of Forest Vegetation
Get PDFNatural coloring and batik techniques by directly printing the shape or motifs of leaves, flowers or fruit, called ecoprint, have been in great demand by the global community. Therefore, the search for types of plants that can produce color continues to be pursued. In this study, the aim of this research is to explore the types of plants from the tree level to the understorey which can provide distinctive colors and motifs to silk fabrics. Part of the plant is collected, especially the leaves, flowers and other parts, especially those that have color and can be perfectly expressed on the fabric. The coloring method used is direct paste method or better known as ecoprint. The mordant treatment used was basic mordant, namely the treatment of soaking the cloth in 10 g / l alum solution for 24 hours. The plant part samples were treated with immersion for 12 hours in 10 g of alum solution plus 30 g of acetic acid. Next, the plant samples are laid out on a cloth and wrapped in clear heat-resistant plastic. After the cloth is wrapped and tied tightly so that it sticks tightly and does not blend in the colors, then steam it for 2 hours. The results of this study showed that of the 88 plant species tested, only 32 species produced the expression of their color and motif from the leaf part, while in flowers there were only two types and one sample from the fruit part. The data from this research can provide information for silk craftsmen as an alternative choice of natural dyes and motifs for fabrics
VITALITAS SEBAGAI SALAH SATU INDIKATOR KESEHATAN HUTAN KONSERVASI : Vitality as One of The Conservation Forest Health Indicators
Get PDFConservation forests have a function that is as a preservation of diversity of plants and animals and their ecosystems. The function of the forest should make the conservation forest must be preserved and the health condition of the forest. The health condition of a conservation forest has a great influence on the surrounding ecosystem. Thus to determine the health condition of the forest, one indicator that can be used is the vitality of the tree. Tree vitality is one indicator that can reflect forest health using tree damage parameters and canopy conditions. This study aims to determine the value of the vitality status of conservation forests that are the KTH SHK Lestari land management area to facilitate management decision making in forest management. The results showed from the making of six Forest Health Monitoring clusters in conservation forests classified as good, moderate and bad, obtained the vitality of the conservation forest for tree damage parameters in the good category (2 clusters), moderate (1 cluster) and bad (3 clusters) whereas for the parameters of the overall canopy conditions the clusters are in the good category (6 clusters). Thus the vitality assessment that has been carried out in the conservation forest of Teluk Pandan District, Pesawaran Regency can be used as one indicator in the health of conservation forests.
Keywords: CLI, forest helth monitoring, forest health, VCR, tree vitality
SIFAT KETERBASAHAN PADA BIDANG TANGENSIAL DAN RADIAL KAYU RAJUMAS
Get PDFRajumas merupakan tanaman lokal yang menjadi komoditi endemik di Nusa Tenggara Barat yang jarang dimanfaatkan (lesser-used wood species) karena kekuatan dan keawetannya rendah Kualitas kayu rajumas dapat ditingkatkat dengan mengaplikasikan bahan pengawet maupun bahan pelapis pada kayu tersebut. Faktor utama yang mempengaruhi keberhasilan aplikasi bahan pengawet maupun bahan pelapis pada kayu adalah keterbasahan kayu itu sendiri. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menguji keterbasahan kayu rajumas pada masing-masing 3 papan radial dan 3 papan tangensial kayu rajumas. Masing-masing contoh uji diuji keterbasahannya pada 5 titik yang berbeda dengan metode sessile drop. Hasil pengukuran menunjukkan bahwa penampang tangensial memiliki keterbasahan yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan penampang radial. Rerata K-value yang dihasilkan pada penampang radial masing-masing adalah 0.15, 0.15 dan 0.16 sedangkan rerata K-value yang dihasilkan pada penampang tangensial masing-masing adalah 0.36, 0.32 dan 0.30. Meski demikian hasil tersebut mengindikasikan bahwa tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan antar pola penampang kayu pada kayu rajumas. Rerata K-value dari semua kayu yang diuji lebih besar dari 0 yang mengindikasikan bahwa cairan dapat menyebar dan menembus permukaan kayu yang diuji
PENGARUH BAHAN PEREKAT TAPIOAKA DAN SAGU TERHADAP KUALITAS BRIKET ARANG KULIT BUAH NIPAH
Get PDFPemanfaatan kulit buah nipah sebagai bahan baku pembuatan briket arang akan mengurangi kebutuhan energi dari bahan bakar fosil. Sehingga perlu dilakukan penelitian untuk membuat briket arang dari kulit buah nipah dengan berbagai bahan perekat sebagai bahan bakar alternatif. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui kualitas briket arang kulit buah nipah dengan pencampuran variasi konsentrasi berbagai jenis perekat serta mengetahui komposisi perekat yang optimal dalam pembuatan briket arang kulit buah nipah. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) faktorial dengan dua faktor yang terdiri dari enam perlakuan dan empat kali ulangan. Buah nipah terlebih dahulu dibelah dua, kemudian daging buah nipah dibuang lalu kulit buah nipah dijemur, kulit buah nipah yang telah kering lalu diarangkan. Selanjutnya arang dihaluskan dan diayak menggunakan ayakan 60 mesh sampai diperoleh arang halus. Serbuk arang kemudian dicampurkan dengan perekat sesuai konsentrasi sehingga didapatkan adonan briket. Adonan briket dicetak pada cetakan silinder dan ditekan dengan alat press hidrolic. Briket arang yang telah dibuat kemudian dikeringkan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hanya beberapa parameter saja yang memenuhi kriteria SNI No. 01/6235/2000 diantaranya kadar air dan nilai kalor, sedangkan parameter yang tidak memenuhi kriteria SNI No. 01/6235/2000 diantaranya adalah kadar zat menguap, kadar abu dan kadar karbon terikat. Komposisi perekat yang optimal dalam pembuatan briket arang kulit buah nipah adalah perlakuan komposisi perekat sagu dengan konsentrasi perekat 20% dari berat campuran bahan baku. Dengan nilai kadar air 7,82%, kadar zat menguap 66,43%, kadar abu 35,44% kadar karbon terikat 17,50% dan nilai kalor 5637,05 Kal/g
BIODIVERSITAS FAUNA SEBAGAI SALAH SATU INDIKATOR KESEHATAN HUTAN MANGROVE FAUNA
Get PDFMangrove forests have a special function, namely as a green belt which is certainly very important for human life. Health of forests, especially mangrove forests, is often overlooked regarding their health conditions. The health condition of the mangrove forest is very influential on its sustainability, so to know its health, one of the indicators that can be used is fauna biodiversity. Fauna biodiversity can be known by using the FHM (Forest Health Monitoring) method to determine the diversity and condition of health status. Mangrove forest in Pasir Sakti Sub-District, East Lampung Regency has a diversity of 9 species of birds and 5 types of epifauna diversity. Based on this, the Mangrove Forest of Pasir Sakti District, East Lampung Regency has a good forest health status
POTENSI DAN PEMANFAATAN BAMBU TALI (Gigantochloa apus) DI DESA LEU KECAMATAN BOLO KABUPATEN BIMA
Get PDFNon-timber forest products are a wealth of natural resources that provide many benefits for the needs of the community around the forest. This study aims to determine the potential and utilization of bamboo in Leu Village in Bolo District, Bima Regency. The usefulness of this research is expected to be an information material for efforts to empower and utilize bamboo optimally and alternatively for the community. This research was conducted in March-April 2018 in Leu Village, Bolo District, Bima Regency. The data collected in this study consists of primary data and secondary data. Primary data is obtained by observing and recording in the field, as well as interviewing the community / respondents who use bamboo plants. Secondary data is collected through library studies sourced from books, journals, and data from relevant agencies. Leu village has the potential of rope bamboo stands (Gigantochloa apus) in Leu Village, Bolo District, Bima Regency, which is relatively low at 3843 stems per ha, with 61 clumps of clumps with an average of 63 clumps. The average bamboo harvested per year is still relatively small at 11.25% of the potential of old bamboo. The form of utilization of bamboo by farmers in addition to being sold is generally used as building materials, handicrafts, and as fences
KONDISI OPTIMUM PROSES KEMPA PANAS DALAM PEMBUATAN PAPAN PARTIKEL DENGAN PEREKAT KITOSAN
Get PDFShrimp skin contains chitin that is the second largest biopolymer after cellulose. The chitin can be isolated to produce chitosan. Chitosan is a natural adhesive that can be applied in producing particleboards to substitute formaldehyde-based adhesives. The purpose of this study was to analyze the hot-pressing condition in term of temperature and pressing time on the physical and mechanical properties of the particleboards produced by using chitosan as adhesives. The particleboards were made with the size of 25x25x0.7 cm and target density of 0.75 g/cm3. The particleboards were produced using different temperatures (160ºC, 180ºC, and 200ºC) and pressing times (9, 12, and 15 minutes. The results showed that the chitosan produced met the standards, and temperature and compression time had a significant interaction effect on the thickness swelling and modulus of elasticity. The optimum combination of temperature and pressing time is 180ºC and 12 minutes, respectively. The produced boards have the characteristics of moisture content 12.2%, density 0.81, water absorption 84.47%, thickness swelling 19.73%, modulus of rupture 143.36 kg/cm2, modulus of elasticity 23,367.79 kg/cm2, and internal bonding 9.03 kg/cm2
IDENTIFIKASI TIPE KERUSAKAN POHON MENGGUNAKAN METODE FOREST HEALTH MONITORING (FHM)
No full textTrees are an important part of the compilation of forest ecosystems blocks of collections of plants and/or animals, Wan Abdul Rachman Forest Park, Lampung Province. Block collection of plants and or animals serves as a place for collecting, protecting and preserving biodiversity. The problems that occur in this block are changes in forest areas, initially primary forests become mixed forests due to land clearing. Land clearing causes various types of tree damage which causes a decrease in tree health and forest health, so it is necessary to identify tree damage conditions. The purpose of the study was to determine the condition of tree damage based on the location of tree damage, type of tree damage and severity. Identification is carried out using the Forest Health Monitoring (FHM) method, the measurement parameter is the condition of tree damage. The study was conducted in June 2018 in a collection block of plants and / or animals Tahura WAR Kelurahan Sumber Agung, Kemiling, Bandar Lampung covering 141.18 ha. The sampling intensity used was 2.30%, data collection was carried out in eight FHM cluster clusters. Based on the results of the study there were 144 individual trees that were damaged. The location of damage occurs mostly in the roots and the lower part of the stem is 29%, the lower stem is 18% and the branches are 15%. There were 11 types of damage observed with the largest type of damage, namely open wounds by 46%, broken or dead branches by 17%, cancer by 9% and leaves, shoots or shoots damaged by 9%. The most severe severity is found in the severity of 20% with a percentage of 39%, severity of 30% with a percentage of 35% and severity of 40% with a percentage of 7%