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PENGARUH DIAMETER DAN JUMLAH PAKU TERHADAP KEKUATAN SAMBUNGAN GESER GANDA BALOK KAYU NANGKA (Artocarpus heterophyllus) dan RASAMALA (Altingia excelsa Noronha) DENGAN PELAT BAJA
Get PDFThe application of nail connection for part of the structural construction in Indonesia is still become the main choice. Connection type that must be counted on seriously for structural construction, are tension, shear and momen connection. Nangka wood is a type of woods that available in sawing or community woods work around Bogor. Rasamala is endemic and unique woods from West Java. Nails as connection are cheap, available and workable. This research objective is to investigate the effect of diameter and amount of nails to double shear connection strength on two type of woods. The results showed that the increase of diameter and amount of nail will rise the capacity of total allowable load per shear plane (RT) or double shear connection strength of nangka woods and rasamala-steel plate, but this phenomena is different for allowable load capacity per nail per shear plane (R) for both of that type. Design value for nangka wood based on diameter size 4,1; 5,2 and 5,5 mm are 261; 358 and 365 kg respectively, and for rasamala wood the design value is sligthly low, which is 227; 311 and 321 kg respectively. The minimum value becomes fundamental for determining design value of total allowable load per shear plane connection (RT) based on amount of nail (4-10), which is determined by multiply the value of certain type woods with amount of nails used.
Key words: double shear, displacement, allowable load per nail per shear plane (R), total allowable load per shear plane (RT
PROSES KEBIJAKAN PERSUTERAAN ALAM DI SULAWESI SELATAN
Get PDFProduction of cocoon and raw silk in South Sulawesi have decreased in recent years. One of the problem is misleading policy formulation and implementation. The purpose of this studies is to know the policy of sericulture that have implemented in South Sulawesi. The method of analyses are discourse analysis/narrative, actors/network, and politics/interest. The result indicated that three factors ie. narrative, actors and interests among stakeholder in sericulture development disturb the policy implementation so it wouldn’t achieve the goal. Incorrect problem formulation also disrupt the sericulture development so it didn’t increase cocoon and raw silk production in South Sulawesi.
Key words: policy, process, sericulture, South Sulawes
PERBANDINGAN KARAKTERISTIK PAPAN SEMEN DARI BATANG DAN CABANG KAYU ASAL HUTAN RAKYAT
Get PDFOptimum utilization of raw materials is very important to overcome the limited raw materials supply. The objective of this study was to analyze the physical and mechanical properties of cement board made of stem and branch of tree. Materials used in this study were three wood species from community forest, namely; sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria), candlenut (Aleurites moluccana), and gmelina (Gmelina arborea). The raw materials taken from stem and branch of tree were converted into particle using hammer mill. Composition of particle, water, and cement weight based were 1 : 1,25 : 2,5 for produce cement board, while density target of the boards were 0.85 g cm-3. To improve the board quality, 2.5 % CaCl2 based on cement weight was added. Mixed meterials then cold pressed during 24 hours and then conditioned for 1 month before tested. The research resuts are as follows: 1) Dimensional stability of cement board made from stem were superior compared to cement board made from branch of tree, 2) The MOR and Internal Bond of cement board have no clear different pattern between stem and branch of tree, 3) The MOE of cement board made from branch were higher compared to cement board made from stem of the three wood species.
Key words: Cement board, community forest, sengon, candlenut, gmelin
ANALISIS PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL TANAMAN JABON (Anthocephallus cadamba)
Get PDFAnthocephallus cadamba was a native species and one of some commercial trees which had a good prospect to develop on the low production forest. This research was aimed to analyze growth and yield of A. cadamba plantation, including the living trees percentage, productivity, economic cutting cycle, and its profit. Parameter of data analysis used trees diameter, high and volume, mean annual increment, polynomial equation modelling and financial analysis i.e. net present value (NPV), and benefit cost ratio (BCR). The research had been conducted at research plots of A. cadamba in sub District of Mandau Talawang, Central Kalimantan Province since 1998 to 2010. Soil type in the site was ultisol former shifting cultivation and scrubs. The result of this research showed that living trees precentage at 12 years old was 57.7 %. Mean annual increment and its density were 19.05 m3 ha-1 and 641 tree ha-1 respectively. Equation modelling of jabon plantation was y = 4.7814 + 3.6028x - 0.185x2 (R2= 63.34 %). In the bank rate of 9 % year-1, the economic cutting cycle of this plantation was 13 years with net present value was IDR 72,79 million per ha. If the bank rate of 6 % and 12 % per year, then net present value at the 13 years were IDR 108.52 and IDR 48.56 million ha-1 respectively. The A. cadamba was suitable to timber estate and to increase the productivity of former shifting cultivation, scrub, and low potential forest areas.
Key words: growth and yield, mean annual increment, Anthocephallus cadamba, economic cutting cycl
POROSITAS KAYU JATI KLON CEPU DAN MADIUN UMUR 7 TAHUN
Get PDFThis study was aimed at determining the pore characteristic (type, dimension and frequency of vessel) of teak from different clones (Cloned Cepu and Madiun). For the purpose of the study, teak wood samples with the age of 7 years were taken from research site number 22a of RPH Banaran, BKPH Playen, Gunung Kidul, in Watu Sipat Forests, Biotechnology and Forest Tree Improvement Research Facilities in Yogyakarta at different planting distances (3 m x 3 m and 2 m x 6 m). Results show that the type of pores is diffuse-porous until the 3th growth ring and after that; it becomes semi ring-porous. The variation of diameter, length and frequency of vessels from cloned Cepu and spacing 3 m x 3 m are comparatively uniform compared to that of cloned Madiun and spacing 2 m x 6 m.
Key words: Cloned teak, pores, planting distance, Cepu, Madiu
LIMBAH PEMANENAN JATI DI BAYUWANGI JAWA TIMUR
No full textHarvesting teak in Java always causes wood waste in the forest. The objectives of this research were to identify the shape of wood waste generated from teak harvesting activities and to determine their recovery and residual factors. The research was conducted at teak forest of Stated Owned Company (Perum Perhutani) at Banyuwangi East Java with the sampling intensity of 10 % using whole tree method. Measurement of wood waste was performed at thinning and clearcutting compartment of teak stand. The result of the study showed that the shapes of wood waste consisted of broken stem, decay wood, short trimming, branch and twig , stump, and irregular wood shape. The recovery and residual factors of the teak harvesting utilization were 79.61 % and 20.39%, respectively. Most of the wood waste were utilized by the local community for energy sources.
Key words: Recovery factor, residual factor, teak, wood wast
BIOKONVERSI BAHAN BERLIGNOSELULOSA MENJADI BIOETANOL MENGGUNAKAN Aspergillus niger DAN Saccharomyces cereviciae
Get PDFThis study aims to determine the feseability of bioethanol production from lignocellulosic material by using simulataneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) processes with Aspergillus niger dan Saccharomyces cereviciae. Three different lignocellulosic materials namely sengon wood (Paraserianthes falcataria), gmelina wood (Gmelina arborea), pinus wood and (Pinus merkusii) were pretreated using kraft process to remove lignin content. Then, pulp was treated by using SSF processes. SSF runs were performed in 500 ml fermentors using a total slurry 200 ml. The substrate and nutrient media were autoclaved (121 oC and 20 minutes). The samples diluted to 2.5 % (w v-1) of total slurry was used as substrate. The substrate was added with 10 % (v v-1) A. niger (6.5 x 107 CFU cc-1) of total slurry and then inoculated with 10 % (v v-1) yeast S. cereviciae (1.5 x 109 CFU cc-1). The SSF experiments were run for 96 hours and the data were investigated periodically every 24 hours. The results showed that total of sugar and reducing sugar tended to decrease with time of inoculation whereas ethanol concentration increase significantly. The growth of A. niger and yeast S. cereviciae tended to incease in initial inoculation and decrease by the end of inoculation. The bioethanol concentration on sengon, gmelina, and pinus were 0.53, 0.45 and 0.31 % respectively and produced yields 3.61, 4.60 and 4.16% respectively.
Key words: bioethanol, simultaneous saccharification and fermentation, Aspergillus niger, Saccharomyces cerevicia
SIFAT KIMIA DAN FISIK BAHAN UTAMA CONBLOCK RINGAN YANG MENGGUNAKAN AGREGAT SEKAM PADI
Get PDFThis research aimed to assess the properties of main substances used to produce lightweight composite cement using rice husk as aggregate. Main substances used in this research consisted of Portland cement tipe I, lime, rice husk and rice husk ash. Portland cement tipe I, lime and rice husk obtained from local producers in Makassar, while rice husk ash obtained by burning rice husk conventionally in kiln drum and subsequently followed by burning in furnace of 1400 Barnsted Thermolyne Type at temperature 600 oC for 2 hours. Chemical Content of the substances analyzed by adopted the analysis procedure in SNI 15-2049-2004. Alkalinity of Portland cement tipe I, silica of rice husk ash and Na2O dan K2O was categorized as low, while rice husk was categorized as reactive substance.
Key words: Portland cement tipe I, rick husk, rice husk ash, lime, lightweight composite cemen
PENDAPATAN ASLI DAERAH SEKTOR KEHUTANAN PADA ERA OTONOMI DAERAH DI KABUPATEN MUNA
Get PDFThis research was aimed to know contribution of forestry sector to Local Government Revenue at district of Muna in regional autonomy era. The research result is expected to contribute in evaluating and compiling Regional Budget and Expenditure Plan. The result is also intended as an evaluation of forest product restribution policy. Data were collected with purpossive sampling using observation technique/survey, interview and discussion with related stakeholders. The data was then processed, tabulated, clasified base on with research aim, and analysed descriptively. The results show that the contribution of forestry sector to Local Government Revenue to Muna district during 2000-2004 in average was 36.77% of Local Government Revenue in total.
Key words: contribution, forestry sector, Local Government Revenue, regional autonom
PERBANDINGAN KARAKTERISTIK DAN PRODUKTIVITAS ULATSUTERA (Bombyx mori L.) DARI TIGA BIBIT HIBRID
Get PDFThe purpose of this research to compared the characteristic and productivity of three silkworm seeds. The result of this research can be information for user of the sericulture. Three seeds examination from Perum Perhutani Soppeng ( P1), BS09 ( P2) and C103 ( P3) from Perum Perhutani Candiroto (Central Java).The observation will be done the hatchability of eggs, resistance of larval, and the characteristic of the larval. Result of research shows that stadium of P2 and P3 silkworm is shorter (21 days) than P1 (23 days). Larval characteristic; colored and larval pattern are equal relative except longer caterpillar P1 length from P2 and P3. Cocoon characteristic; colored, wrinkle and its hardness relative is of equal except size measure and form the cocoon, ellipse globular bigger P1 than P2 and P3 are elliptical like peanut. The result of this research was showed that examination three seeds hybrid of productivity observation (hatchability of eggs and resistance of mature larval,) P1 better than P2 and P3.
Key words: Characteristic, productivity, hybrid seed, silkworm (Bombyx mori L)