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IDENTIFIKASI JENIS JAMUR PATOGEN UNTUK PENGENDALIAN RAYAP TANAH Coptotermes sp.
Get PDFFungi have a great diversity and wide distribution at the world. It can be used as the alternative technology for controlling of subterranean termite attack, particularly genus Coptotermes knowned as the wooden destructive organism, by using entomophatogenic fungi. For the purpose of the study, several isolate sources were taken from some locations. The results show that eight numbers of pathogenic fungi was founded by screening and identification of fungi taken from 19 numbers of isolate sources. The pathogenic fungi were Beauveria sp., Penicillium brevicompactum, P. rubrum, Paecilomyces fulvus, Fusarium verticolloides, Pythium sp., and Aspergillus sp.
Key words: Jamur entomopatogen, Coptotermes sp
ANALISIS BIAYA PENEBANGAN PADA HUTAN JATI RAKYAT DI KABUPATEN BONE
Get PDFCommunity teak forest in Bone Regency was +- 4,220 ha in wide, spreading in Amali, Ulaweng, Bengo, Mare, Tonra, Kahu, Salomekko, Ajangale, Dua Boccoe, Lamuru, Tellulimpoe, Lappariaja, Libureng, Palakka, Bontocani and Ponre Subdistricts. The descriptive method was used to describe and clarify felling activities of community teak forest yield. The quantitative approach was conducted by recording and analyzing the data such as potency, length, diameter, volume, working time, productivity, cost, etc. The study was aimed to felling cost m-3 with self-management was cheaper than by the piece, namely Rp.298,712,8 and Rp. 471,159.90 with difference amounting of Rp 172,447.10 m-3, but collector-traders chose contract work because considering social aspect, chance and opportunity to get others teak.
Key words: community teak forest, felling, cost
MODEL DISTRIBUSI DIAMETER LIMA JENIS POHON PADA HUTAN TROPIKA BASAH DI KABUPATEN MAMUJU, SULAWESI BARAT
Get PDFThe objective of this research is to establish the most suitable tree diameter distribution model for five tree species on tropical rain forest in Mamuju District. This research was conducted on two locations. The 50 square plots were sampled systematically for seedling, sapling, pole and tree measurements of bintangur, jambu-jambu, lada-lada, matoa and nyatoh species. The distance among plots was 50 m. Variables to be measured were stem number of seedlings to trees and tree diameter at breast height (1,3 m) of saplings to trees. About 70% of the data were used to establish the best model, the rest of 30% were used to validate the model. Models to be analyzed were fourth-order semi-logarithmic transformed polynomial function, Weibull density function and monotonic decreasing Weibull function. The results show that the five tree species have a similar diameter distribution pattern. The shape of this distribution is the typical of uneven-aged stand distribution on natural forest, namely reversed J shape. The most suitable model for five species is second-order semi-logarithmic transformed polynomial function.
Key words: model, diameter distribution, natural forest, uneven-aged stand
DESAIN AGROFORESTRY PADA LAHAN KRITIS (STUDI KASUS DI KECAMATAN INDRAPURI KABUPATEN ACEH BESAR)
Get PDFDesign of agroforestry has the objectives of improving the system which has been existing and providing directives for agribusiness on the basis of physical, economical, and socio-cultural condition. Design of a system is inevitably related with pre-diagnosis and diagnosis activities which are aimed at discovering the existing constraints and problems inside the system, followed by technological intervention for system improvement and determining the best agroforestry system in critical land condition. Method used in this study was identifying the existing agroforestry system, followed by evaluation of land suitability, financial analysis and community social analysis. This study found three agroforestry systems based on the existing components, namely agrisilviculture, silvopasture, and agrisilvopasture. Evaluation of land suitability showed that in general, land suitability ratings for woody crops and perennial crops were categorized as moderately suitable (S2), while those for annual crops / non rice food crops were categorized as marginally suitable (S3). Results of financial analysis showed that all existing agroforestry system are feasible to be practiced, with highest benefit cost ratio 2.7 was found in agrisilvopasture system. On the basis of landscape consideration, species of Non-MPTs were more adapted if they were planted in hill ridge, while that of species of MPTs and perennial crops in slope and valley, and that of annual crops in valley.
Key words: agroforestry, land suitability, critical land, desig
BASIC PROPERTIES OF SENTANG WOOD (Melia excelsa Jack) AND ITS SUITABILITY AS ORIENTED STRAND BOARD MATERIALS
Get PDFTujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat kesesuaian kayu sentang sebagai bahan baku berdasarkan tinjauan sifat dasarnya dalam hal ini anatomi, fisis, dan kimia. Metode yang digunakan dalam penentuan struktur kayu yaitu teknik maserasi dan mikrotom, sifat fisik berdasarkan standar BS-373 (1957), dan sifat kimia menggunakan standar TAPPI. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) struktur kayu: kayu sentang cocok dipergunakan sebagai bahan baku OSB karena memiliki dinding sel tipis sampai sedang, pori relatif banyak. Ini merupakan dua faktor yang berperan penting dalam hal perekatan dan proses pengempaan; (2) sifat fisik: kayu sentang memiliki BJ sedang, nilai T/R untuk kering udara dan oven masing-masing 1,25 and 1,17; serta (3) sifat kimia: kayu sentang memiliki kandungan ekstraktif sedang, kandungan selulosa tinggi dan lignin dan kadar abu sedang.
Kata kunci: kayu sentang, struktur kayu, fisis, kimi
ABSORPSI AIR KOMPOSIT SEMEN SEKAM PADI DENGAN PENAMBAHAN POZZOLAN ABU SEKAM PADI DAN KAPUR PADA MATRIKS SEMEN
Get PDFThis research aimed to determine the role of rice husk ash as pozzolanic material in reducing water absorption of rice husk cement composite. Rice husk ash obtained by burning rice husk conventionally in kiln drum. Preparation of water absorption testing samples was conducted according to ASTM C 140, while ASTM C 90 used to evaluate the desired water absorption. Rice husk ash as of 40 % significantly reduced water absorption of the composite, but only rice husk ash of 20 % dan 30 % fulfilled the ASTM C 90 requirement. Addition of lime in the mixture increased the water absorption.
Key words: pozzolamic, water absorption, rick husk, rice husk ash
ANALISIS KEBUTUHAN BAHAN BAKU KAYU BULAT PADA INDUSTRI KAYU LAPIS PT. KATINGAN TIMBER CELEBES
Get PDFThe aim of this research was to predict the amounts of raw materials needed by industry for the next years. This study was conducted at the plywood industry in PT.Katingan Timber Celebes. For the purpose of the study, utilisation of raw material for five years (2004-2008) were collected. The obtained data were analyzed by using regresi with time series data. It is predicted that the amount of raw material for the industry (2009) will be 166,758.2 m3 consisting of meranti (130,699.4 m3) and rimba campuran (36,053.8 m3)
Key words: prediction, plywood industry, utilisation of raw materia
NILAI DESAIN ACUAN SAMBUNGAN KAYU GESER GANDA DENGAN PAKU BERPELAT SISI BAJA AKIBAT BEBAN UNI-AKSIAL TEKAN MENURUT BERBAGAI ANALISIS PENDEKATAN
Get PDFThe purposes of this research are to know the influence of woods specific gravity and nail diameter to reference design value in double shear timber connections with steel side plates nail on four species of Indonesian commercial wood according to various approximation analysis. Analysis is done to four values and it is compared with other research that has been done. This research result from testing which have done by Ziannita (2009) referred as approach of A; result of research of Sadiyo and Sriyanto (2009) and Mansur (2009) referred as approach of B; values referring at literature referred as approach of C and compressive-joint total load divided by nail amount and factor of safety referred as approach of D (Sadiyo and Sriyanto, 2009 and Mansur, 2009). Joint done by using four species of Indonesian commercial wood which is meranti merah (Shorea leprosula), mabang (Shorea pachyphylla), kempas (Koompassia malaccensis) and bangkirai (Shorea laevifolia). Nails that applied in this research are nail with diameter of 4.1 mm length of 10 cm, nail with diameter of 5.2 mm length of 12.5 cm and nail with diameter of 5.5 mm length of 15 cm. The calculation of this research is done according to National Design Specification for Wood Construction-2005. Analysis results indicate that wood specific gravity influence the strength of connection, excelsior wood specific gravity will produce high strength of connection also. This can be influenced by mechanical properties from wood such as maximum crushing strength. Bangkirai have higher specific gravity than three others wood but result approach of D shows that the connections assess reference design value which is lower compared with two other woods (kempas and mabang wood). Then, the bigger on nail diameter brings bigger strength of connection also, but this thing depends on the conditions from nail and quality of nail materials.
Key words: compression loading, double shear connections, nail, reference design value, steel side plates
PENDUGAAN KEKAKUAN KAYU BORNEO DENGAN METODE GELOMBANG ULTRASONIK
Get PDFBorneo wood is a name for various species commercial wood. The aimed of this study are measured stifness (MOE) of borneo wood using non destructive method i.e. ultrasonic wave. Fiveteen beam sample were produced from borneo wood about 8 cm thick and 12 cm width with 400 cm, 250 cm and 150 cm length. Beam with 250 cm and 150 cm length produced from beam with 400 cm length after stifness test have done using ultrasonic (dynamic test) and UTM (static test). Result showed that dynamic MOE of borneo wood for 400 cm, 250 cm and 150 cm length, are 19.10 G.Pa, 18.48 G.Pa and 15.90 G.Pa, respectively. Wood about 400 cm and 150 cm length were different significantly. Result also showed that dynamic MOE of borneo wood 30% higher than static MOE at vertical position test for beam with 400 cm length and 20% higher for horisontal position at the same testing method.
Key words : Borneo wood, stifness, ultrasonic, MOE, MO
MORPHOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF Coptotermes sp. POPULATION FROM TWO DIFFERENT NESTS
Get PDFThe aim of this research is to study morphmetric variation of external anatomy of subterranean termite (Coptotermes sp.). The samples were collected from two different nests, i.e. Laboratory of Forest Product Engineering and Diversification, Hasanuddin University (site A) and Kompleks Perumahan Dosen Unhas, Tamalanrea (site B). Resulted data were statistically analyzed for mean, standard deviation, standard error and coefficient of variability. The mean values of the different population samples were compared by using student‘t’ test according to SPSS Ver.12. For each individual soldier and worker, 54 variables of external characters were measured. The result showed that some external characters of soldier and worker casts were significantly different with different locations. In soldier casts, eleven of 54 variables were found to be significant different in length and width of caput, length and width metathorax, mesothorax length, length and width of abdomens, scape length, flagellum width, femur width, and width tibia. Whilst, in worker casts, 11 of 54 variables were found to be significant different in mesothorax length, scape length, flagellum width, trochanter width, tibia length, tarsus length, and claw width. However, morph metric of external characters of Coptotermes sp. at two locations was generally relative same in terms of coefficient of variability.
Key words: Morphometric analysis, Coptotermes sp