Journal of Agroindustrial Technology
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THE GREENHOUSE GAS ANALYSIS USING LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT (LCA) IN SMALL SCALE TOFU INDUSTRY
Get PDFThe tofu industry is one of the industries that has grown and developed a lot in Indonesia to meet the community\u27s food needs. In the tofu production cycle, many activities have the potential to produce emissions that are harmful to the environment, one of which is greenhouse gases (GHGs). There are various activities carried out by the tofu industry to produce products that are ready for sale, starting from the procurement of raw materials, the production and distribution of tofu to the market. The longer the tofu production chain, the greater the potential to produce GHG emissions. To find out the amount of GHG emissions produced, it is necessary to take a tofu product life cycle (LCA) assessment. Therefore, this study aims to calculate the GHG emissions produced in the tofu production cycle in the X’s tofu industry. The results show that X’s tofu industry produces GHG emissions of 3,373.53 KgCO2eq per 300 kg soybean which originate from the use of electricity, gasoline, firewood, and liquid waste. Every activity carried out also contributes to the emergence of GHG emissions. The highest GHG comes from the use of firewood of 3,198.81 KgCO2eq, meanwhile, the stage that generates the most GHG is during the cooking stage. Alternative improvements that can be made to reduce emissions are minimizing the use of transportation equipment, minimizing water usage (water reduction), water reuse, converting the use of firewood to LPG, and utilizing liquid waste into biogas for the cooking process.
Keywords: emission, greenhouse gas (GHG), life cycle assessment (LCA), tofu industr
BRAND POSITIONING STRATEGY THROUGH DIGITAL MARKETING OF COMMERCIAL RICE PRODUCTS AT PERUM BULOG JEMBER BRANCH
Get PDFThe development of information technology, especially in digital marketing, has brought significant changes in how companies interact with consumers and build company brand images, including Perum BULOG Jember Branch. This research aims to increase awareness of the "Beras Kita" brand as BULOG\u27s premium rice product and strengthen the brand\u27s position in the minds of consumers with a brand positioning strategy that includes designing a visual identity, namely designing a new logo and tagline, as well as through a digital marketing strategy for premium rice products. premium at Perum BULOG Jember Branch. This research uses the ME-MCDM (Multi-Expert Multi-Criteria Decision Making) method for selecting logos and taglines and the AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process) method to determine digital marketing strategy priorities. The recommended digital marketing strategy, which has the highest priority, is using local influencers. Implementing this strategy is expected to improve the unfavorable brand image and strengthen the position of the "Beras Kita" brand in the market.
Keywords: AHP, beras kita, brand positioning, digital marketing, MEMCDM, Perum BULO
FEASIBILITY STUDY OF NANOCRYSTALLINE CELLULOSE (NCC) PRODUCTION FROM OIL PALM EMPTY FRUIT BUNCH (OPEFB) FIBER USING BIOPROCESS TECHNOLOGY
Get PDFOil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (OPEFB) is biomass by-products from palm oil processing mills. The cellulose content in OPEFB, which reaches 38.70%, presents a potential raw material for various cellulose-based products, such as nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC). NCC can be used as a raw material in various industrial sectors, including paper, packaging, food, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and electronics industries. The bioprocess technology for producing nanocrystalline cellulose from OPEFB has been successfully developed and is expected to be applied on an industrial scale. Therefore, an economic feasibility analysis is required to evaluate investment viability and the impact of parameter changes on investment using sensitivity analysis for the production of nanocrystalline cellulose from OPEFB with bioprocess technology. Based on the data processing of investment feasibility analysis with assumptions of cost data and other parameters using Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Net Present Value (NPV), and Payback Period (PP), it was found that the industry is feasible and profitable with an IRR of 113.99%, NPV of $763,804,208.84, and a Payback Period of 1 year. Additionally, using sensitivity analysis, it was determined that to maintain investment viability, the raw material price can only increase by a maximum of 35%, the product selling price can only decrease by a maximum of 15%, and production costs can only increase by a maximum of 20%. This research is expected to provide information to stakeholders such as investors, government, and industry regarding the opportunities for developing nanocrystalline cellulose production from OPEFB in Indonesia.
Keywords: nanocrystalline cellulose, techno-economic study, oil palm empty fruit bunch, bioprocess technolog
DELIGNIFIKASI TANDAN KOSONG KELAPA SAWIT (TKKS) DENGAN NaOH TERHADAP KUALITAS PUPUK ORGANIK CAIR
Get PDFEmpty palm oil bunches (EFB) are the largest solid waste produced in every processing of palm oil and need to be utilized so as not to pollute the environment. One effort that can be made is to process EFB into liquid fertilizer. However, the high lignin content in EFB makes it difficult for this waste to decompose naturally. Therefore, efforts need to be made to reduce lignin levels in EFB with a delignification process for two hours at a temperature of 90 oC with 12% NaOH solution. The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of delignification on the quality of liquid fertilizer (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, fulvic acid, C/N ratio, and pH). This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with four treatments and five replications. P1: Non-delignified EFB, P2: P1 + cow urine, P3: delignified EFB, and P4: P3 + cow urine. Liquid fertilizer was made using a fermentation method for 21 days. The research results showed that delignification treatment was able to increase the presence of calcium and magnesium in liquid fertilizer. The combination of delignification with the addition of cow urine increases the availability of fulvic acid in liquid fertilizer.
Keywords: empty palm oil bunches, lignin, nutrients, wast
CONTROLLED/SLOW-RELEASE FERTILIZER COATING FROM POLYSACCHARIDES: A MINI REVIEW OF LIGNIN AS A REINFORCEMENT MATERIAL
Get PDFControlled/slow-release fertilizers (CSRF) continue to be developed because of the need to increase agricultural productivity and reduce the economic, social, and environmental impacts of conventional fertilizers leaching into nature. Additionally, the use of biodegradable polymers as CSRF materials continues to be a priority in CSRF development. Therefore, this review synthesizes the current research on lignin- and polysaccharide-based CSRFs and emphasize their compatibility and performance in agricultural applications. Lignin, an abundant and renewable biopolymer, was evaluated for its effectiveness as a slow-release agent in CSRF. Studies have demonstrated the potential of lignin to improve nutrient release profiles and environmental sustainability when used alone or in combination with other polymers. Polysaccharides, which are known for their biocompatibility and biodegradability, have also been explored. The incorporation of lignin into polysaccharide-based CSRFs has been highlighted, particularly in starch, cellulose, chitosan, and sodium alginate matrices. These composites offer improved mechanical properties, controlled nutrient release, and enhanced soil water retention. The challenges and future directions regarding lignin- and polysaccharide-based CSRF are also reviewed. These findings underscore the importance of developing sustainable fertilizer technologies to meet future food demands while mitigating environmental impacts.
Keywords: controlled/slow-rele ase fertilizer, composite matrix, lignin, polysaccharide, ure
SYNTHESIS OF RESIDUAL OIL FROM SPENT BLEACHING EARTH (SBE) INTO BIODIESEL USING MICROWAVE REACTOR
Get PDFSpent bleaching earth (SBE) is a waste from the crude palm oil CPO refining process which contains high oil content, around 20-30%. There are several methods to reduce SBE oil content, one of which is the solvent extraction method. SBE residual oil can be utilized as a raw material for biodiesel. This research aims to determine the mass ratio of SBE and solvent, the optimal temperature for extracting residual oil from SBE, and the potential of residual oil from SBE to be used as biodiesel using a microwave reactor. Residual oil extraction was carried out at varying mass ratios of SBE and solvent (1:2, 1:4, and 1:6) and varying temperatures (26, 40, and 50°C). The treated residual oil was esterified and subjected to transesterification reaction with 15% methanol and 1% KOH for 10 minutes at 60°C using a microwave reactor. The optimal extraction result for residual oil was at a 1:4 ratio and 26°C with a yield of 19.12%. There is also an increase in surface area in deoiled-SBE. The conversion of residual oil from SBE into biodiesel yielded 33.53% with a conversion value of 45.28% and a FAME content of 92.97%. The characteristics of the produced biodiesel meet the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) for biodiesel with density of 0.8674 g/cm3 and viscosity of 5.69 mm2/s.
Keywords: extraction, fatty acid, transesterification, yiel
MINIMALLY PROCESS ON CUT PEELED CHAYOTE
Get PDFChayote is a vegetable that can be processed into various kinds of dishes. If you peel chayote, it will leave a sticky sap on your hands that is not easy to remove even if you wash it repeatedly with soap. Rumah Sayur Cisarua, Bandung Barat markets cut peeled chayote products. Cut peeled chayote quickly experiences a decline in quality, characterized by the color changing to brownish (enzymatic browning). For this reason, research was carried out with the aim of obtaining a minimally process design for cut peeled chayote. The treatment design tested was chemical treatment, by immersion in citric acid solution (0.5; 1.0; 1.5%) and sodium metabisulfite solution (500, 750, 1000 ppm), physical treatment by blanching (10, 20, 30 seconds ), as well as a combination of chemical and physical treatments. The minimally process design chosen was soaking in 500 ppm sodium metabisulfite for 15 minutes and sulfite residue was not detected. Cut peeled chayote with this treatment remains fresh until the fourth day of storage.
Keywords: minimally process, sodium metabisulfite, cut peeled chayot
UTILIZATION OF NIPAH FRUIT WASTE ACTIVATED CARBON AS ADSORBENT IN THE PURIFICATION PROCESS OF GLYCEROL BY-PRODUCTS OF PALM OIL BIODIESEL PRODUCTION
Get PDFThe glycerol residue from biodiesel production contains a lot of residue that makes it a low commercial value product with limited applications, so the glycerol residue is usually disposed of as waste in landfills. Therefore, this study aims to purify glycerol from palm biodiesel production by-products using an extraction-adsorption method. The first stage of the research was purification using petroleum ether and toluene extraction methods, followed by the adsorption stage using adsorbent in the form of activated carbon from nipah fruit waste which has an iodine adsorbing capacity of 966.978 ± 31.9433 mg/g and carbon surface area of 1066.3853 ± 35.2271 m2/g. Based on the results of FTIR testing, glycerol with adsorbent in the form of nipah fruit waste activated carbon characteristics are in accordance with commercial glycerol and the results of previous research, where the peak of O-H group is clearly formed at 3433.271 cm-1 and the peak of C-H group at 2934.672 cm-1. Based on the test results, the density value of the glycerol sample with nipah fruit waste activated carbon adsorbent was obtained with an average value of 1.255 ± 0.007 g/cm3 which was in accordance with British Standard (BS) 2621: 1979 of 1.2671 g/cm3. The test results obtained the value of the water content of the glycerol sample with nipah fruit waste activated carbon adsorbent with an average value of 8.563 ± 0.768% which is in accordance with British Standard (BS) 2621: 1979 of < 10%. The test results obtained the value of glycerol content of glycerol samples with activated carbon adsorbent of nipah fruit waste with an average value of 93.922 ± 2.523E0%.
Keywords: adsorption, extraction, glycerol, activated carbon, nipah wast
