Journal of Agroindustrial Technology
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STRATEGI PERCEPATAN PENGEMBANGAN INDUSTRI TURUNAN MINYAK SAWIT MENTAH (MSM) DI INDONESIA
Get PDFTo increase competitiveness of Indonesia to be the world oleochemical leader as targeted in theNational Industrial Development Master Plan (RIPIN) 2035, Indonesia must have thirty-three time capacity ofthe current oleochemical industry.To meet the objective, a strategy to accelerate the development of downstreampalm oil industry is needed. The successful development industries are required consider competitive advantage(Diamond Porter) and the alternative strategic of development. Alternative strategics were collected fromexperts with interactive method. Determining acceleration strategy was conducted by analytical hierarchyprocess (AHP). The results of identification based Diamond Porter showed that the current research anddevelopmentdid not support the downstream palm oil industries, in adequate infrastructure, an oligopoly marketstructure, and inconsistence of the government\u27s commitment. Alternatif strategic of the development ofdownstream industries consistsed of simplification of licensing, preparation of infrastructure, tax incentives,financial support, the government\u27s commitment, and market certainty. Results of the AHP showed thatgovernment\u27s commitment was priority-base alternative with highest priority value of 0.31 compared to otheralternatives.Keywords: AHP, alternative strategic, diamond porter, interactive method, palm oi
CO-COMPOSTING LIMBAH PADAT BELTPRESS DAN JERAMI PADI DENGAN AERATED STATIC PILE
Get PDFSolid waste from beltpress machine in wastewater treatment plant is produced as much as 1,25 tons/day but hasnot been utilized, causing unpleasant odour and requires a high cost for disposal. Composting is one of alternative technology that can be applied to solve the problem. The objectives of this research were to examine the influence of the initial C/N value and aeration rate to the rate of co-composting process in reaching the C/N value that corresponds to SNI 19-7030-2004, and to characterize the compost produced. The research design used was factorial Complete Random Design (CRD) with two factors and two repetitions. The first factor was C/N value, consisted of 25; 30; 35 and the second factor was aeration rate, consisted of 0; 0,4; 0,8 L/min.kg of dry material. Composting was done using 30 L reactor by giving active intermittent aeration for 1 hour/day during the first 7 days of composting. Effects of initial C/N value and aeration rate were significantly different (P<0.05) in the increase of temperature and the decline of water content and C/N value, but were not significantly different (P>0.05) on pH value. Lower initial C/N value and higher aeration rate attained standard C/N value fastest. The best treatment based on the conformity with SNI 19-7030-2004 was initial C/N25 with aeration rate 0,8 L/minute.kg dry matter. The compost produced met the SNI standards in macro elements, trace elements,and other elements, but didnot qualify the pH value and moisture content.Keywords: aerated static pile, beltpress solid waste, co-composting, rice stra
SINTESIS NANOSILIKA DARI ABU KETEL INDUSTRI GULA DENGAN METODE ULTRASONIKASI DAN PENAMBAHAN SURFAKTAN
Get PDFBoiler ash from sugar industry contains silica compounds which could be synthesized into nanosilica by ultrasonication method. The addition of surfactants in this synthesis method can affect the characteristics of nanosilica. This study aims to synthesize nanosilica with ultrasonication method and determine the effect of surfactants on characteristics of nanosilica generated. This research was divided into three stages: (1) boiler ash preparation to furnace ash, (2) silica extraction from furnace ash, and (3) synthesis of nanosilica using ultrasonication method with surfactant addition: PEG 6000 1:5, CMC 2.5% (b/b), CMC 5% (b/b), CMC 10% (b/b), and Tween 80 3% (b/v). Silica content in boiler ash and furnace ash was 49.69% and 78.75%, respectively. The nanosilics produced using the ultrasonication method had the uniform size (PDI) of 0.638, and with the addition of surfactant might increase the uniformity of the particle (PDI) to 0.045 and 0.047 on the usage of CMC 5 and 2.5%. The addition of surfactant also increased the crystallinity degree from 76.96% at no surfactant to 84.04% with 10% CMC surfactant added. The crystalline size of the silica nanoparticles also became smaller with the addition of 10% CMC of 37.69 nm from 41.40 nm crystal size without the addition of surfactant. The addition of an enlarged CMC concentration would increase the degree of crystallinity and decrease the crystal size of the nanosilica particles.Keywords : boiler ash, nanosilica, ultrasonication, surfactant, degree of crystallinit
MODEL PRODUKTIVITAS PROSES PRODUKSI BIOETANOL PADA BIOREAKTOR AEROBIK DAN ANAEROBIK SINAMBUNG
Get PDFOne of the issues in bioethanol production as fuel is the low productivity of fermentation process. Application of serial continuous bioreactor could increase the fermentation productivity. Series of bioreactor running in aerobic condition followed by anaerobic fermentation may resolve cell exhaustion and low substrate utilization problems, as pre-conditioned fresh cell cultured in aerobic bioreactor is fed continuously to fermentation tank. This research studied the productivity model of such configuration and its limitation in bioethanol production. The model developed was based on unstructured growth model applied on process mass balance on steady state. Model validation and verification were conducted in 2000 mL CSTR (Continuously Stirred Tank Reactor) type experimental bioreactor, utilizing Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC18824 in nutrient broth. Glucose 20% w/v was used as carbon source in feed stream. Process kinetics and product formation were observed by measuring biomass using spectrophotometry, glucose by DNS method and ethanol produced by HPLC. The results show that model could be developed by deriving mass balance for the system, with adjustment where μ is following modified Monod equation. The model accuracy was 82.43 ± 1.58% in term of ethanol productivity. Productivity of ethanol was observed as a function of cell concentration in aerobic bioreactor (X1) and dilution rate at anaerobic bioreactor (D2) and its interaction was observed through the central composite design. Highest productivity of 19.01g/L.h was observed at optimized value ofX1 22g/l and D20.30 h-1 with the yield of YP/Stotal of 0.36 g ethanol/ g sugar, while fermentative yield was 0.45 g ethanol/ g sugar.The value wa higher than productivity in batch fermentation at the same working volume of bioreactor (1.01g/L.h). Overall substrate conversion on highest productivity was 87.65%, where 61.08% substrate converted into bioethanol.Keywords: bioethanol,continuous bioreactor, productivity mode
Index Penulis Jurnal Teknologi Industri Pertanian
No full textINDEKS PENULISVOLUME 26Achmadi, F. 189Ahmad, U. 162Akmal, S. 171Anggarani, R.R. 276Arkeman, Y. 31, 153, 207Astuti, R. 189Boer, R. 153Cepeda, G.N. 41Cherie, D. 162Damsir 125Diah, F.P.D. 199Djatna, T. 309Elvina, W. 104Eris, F.R. 266Fauzi, A.M. 255Ferdian, M.A. 60Gaspers, V. 207Haditjaroko, L. 134, 300, 320Hambali, E. 60, 104, 153Haryadi, P. 31Herastuti, S.R. 23Herlambang, A. 125Hermawan, A. 246Hermawan, D. 68, 216Herodian, S. 162Hidayati, J. 255Husin, H. 293Kartawiria, I.S. 143Kartika, I.A. 68, 216Legowo, E.H. 143Lina, A.D. 68Lisangan.M.M. 41Lubis, A.S. 77Maarif, M.S. 87, 246Machfud 49Mahlinda 293Maknunah, L.U. 189Mandang, T. 162Marbun, B.T.H. 332Marimin 9, 199, 309Mawardi, M.I. 153Meryandini, A. 111, 283Noor, E. 143Nugroho, L.P.E. 236Nurhayati 309Pari, G. 77Permadi, P. 266Permana, A.I.S. 9Permana, I.G. 309Prasetya, H. 153Pratama, M. 320Purbowati, I.S.M 23Purwanti, N. 342Purwoko 134Raharja, S. 31, 87Rahayuningsih, M. 60, 276Riza, M. 293Romli, M. 77, 125, 134Saharjo.B.H. 207Sampebatu, L.S. 207Santoso, I. 216Saparudin 342Sari, S.P. 236Sarono 171Sartika, E. 41Setiawan, F. 216Silamba, I. 41Subyakto 177Sugiarto 1Sugiharto 255Sukardi 87, 177, 255Sunarti, T.C. 1, 111, 283Supardan, M.D. 293Suparno, O. 49, 68Suprayitno, G. 9Suprihatin 125Suryani, A. 1, 177, 255Suseno, D. 111Sutrisno 1Syamani, F.A. 177Syamsu, K. 23, 143Syarief, R. 199Tambunan, A.H. 236Tarwa 49Ulfah, M. 87Wahyuni, S. 332Warsiki, E. 23, 276, 320Wisudawaty, P. 300Wulandari D. 342Yani, M. 77, 104, 125Yeni 283Yuliasih, I. 1, 300Yusriana 31Zulfahmi 17
ESTERIFIKASI GLISEROL DAN ASAM LEMAK JENUH SAWIT DENGAN KATALIS MESA
Get PDFGlycerol esterification is one of methods that is widely used in the conversion of glycerol to producemore value-added products. The resulting products are environmentally friendly and renewable, so it couldpotentially be used by many industries. This study aimed to get the effects of various palm fatty acids and timeperiod of glycerol esterification reaction on physico-chemical properties of the resulting glycerol ester.Experiments used glycerol 94%, stearic acid, palmitic acid, myristic acid, and catalyst MESA 0.5%.Esterification process was performed at a temperature of 180°C, with a stirring speed of 400 rpm for 90 minutes,120 minutes and 150 minutes and supplied with nitrogen 100 cc/minutes. Physical and chemical properties ofglycerol ester resulted were influenced by the type of glycerol esters of fatty acids and process period ofesterification of glycerol ester produced. Yield, acid number, density, kinematic viscosity, flash point and pourpoint of glycerol ester of stearic, palmitic glycerol esters and glycerol esters of myristic showed ignificantlydifferent values. While the period of variation esterification process only affected the values of the yield and acidnumber. Physical and chemical properties of the three glycerol esters were produced yields of 96.1% (stearicacid), 95.86% (palmitic acid), and 95.99% (miristic acid); acid number of 24.84 mg KOH/g sample (stearicacid), 21.46 mg KOH/g sample (palmitic acid), 20.89 mg KOH/g sample (miristic acid); density of 0.903 g/cm3(stearic acid), 0.910 g/cm3 (palmitic acid), and 0.812 g/cm3 (miristic acid); kinematic viscosity (100°C)of 11.18cSt (stearic acid), 11.30 cSt (palmitic acid), and 4.26 cSt (miristic acid); flash point of 207oC (stearic acid),204oC (palmitic acid), and 173oC (miristic acid); and pour point of 55.5oC (stearic acid), 54oC (palmitic acid),and 57oC (miristic acid).Keywords: glycerol, fatty acid, MESA, esterification, glycerol este
SINTESIS SURFAKTAN ALKIL POLIGLIKOSIDA (APG) BERBASIS DODEKANOL DAN HEKSADEKANOL DENGAN REAKTAN GLUKOSA CAIR 75%
Get PDFAlkyl poliglucosides (APG) is nonionic surfactant prepared from renewable raw materials based on carbohydrate and vegetable oils namely glucose and fatty alcohol. Glucose is the main raw material which is supplied the hydrophilic group, and fatty alcohol as hydrophobic group. APG was prepared using fatty alcohol varying in chain lengthsof C12 and C16 by two step methods (butanolysis and transasetalisation process). The catalyst of methyl ester sulfonic acid (MESA) was added. The effect of catalyst concentrations (1.5, 2, and 2.5%) was investigated. The product evaluated for surface active properties. The chemical structures of the products were confirmed using fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR).The effects of fatty alcohol and concentration of catalyst were not significantly different to the pH and density. The result showed that reduction surface tension, reduction interfacial tension, and emulsion stability increased with increasing alkyl chain length and foam height decreases as the alkyl chain length increases. The best APG was obtained from C16 fatty alcohol (hexadecanol) and 2.5% of MESA catalyst, with the ability to reduce surface tensions at 1% concentration were 68.12%; the ability to reduce interfacial tensions of 98.14%, stability of emulsion of64%, foam height of 7.12% and pH of 7.69. Keywords: alkylpoliglycoside, fatty alcohol, glucose, surfactan
Kata Pengantar
No full textPRAKATA Pembaca yang budiman,Puji syukur kita panjatkan kehadirat Allah SWT, atas berkat dan rahmatNya kami dapat kembali hadir untuk menyajikan artikel-artikel terkini pada Jurnal Teknologi Industri Pertanian Volume 27 Nomor 2 Edisi Agustus, Tahun 2017.Semua artikel yang dimuat pada Jurnal Teknologi Industri Pertanian ini telah diseleksi dan ditelaah oleh Dewan Editor dan Mitra Bebestari yang kompeten. Hanya artikel-artikel berkualitas baik dan sangat baik yang dapat dimuat pada Jurnal Teknologi Industri Pertanian.Topik-topik yang disajikan pada edisi ini meliputi: Model produktivitas bagi hasil agroindustri gula tebu dalam kemitraan antara petani dan perusahaan, model jaringan syaraf tiruan untuk memprediksi kadar air bahan pada pneumatic conveying recirculated dryer, pengembangan produk “beras analog”, ekstraksi minyak dan resin nyamplung dengan campuran pelarut heksan-etanol, disain proses keamanan pangan pada sistem manajemen industri pakan unggas, analisis penerapan produksi bersih pada batik Printing IKM, pemurnian mono-diasilgliserol hasil esterifikasi palm fatty acid distillate dan gliserol, proses pembuatan pasta bawang merah (Allium Cepa Var. Aggregatum) dan penentuan umur simpannya, preferensi konsumen dan strategi pemasaran produk puree bayam organik, konsistensi produksi nata dalam media fermentasi yang mengandung hidrolisat ubi kayu. Sebagai penutup disajikan artikel yang berjudul sintesis nanosilika dari abu ketel industri gula dengan metode ultrasonikasi dan penambahan surfaktan. Kepada penulis dan mitra bebestari yang telah berkontribusi pada penerbitan jurnal edisi ini, kami menyampaikan terima kasih yang mendalam. Kami mengundang rekan sejawat peneliti dan praktisi agroindustri mengirimkan naskah untuk disajikan pada jurnal ini. Saran dan kritik yang membangun dari pelanggan, pembaca dan para pihak lainnya sangat kami harapkan. Selamat membaca. Ketua Dewan Editor Marimi
KINERJA LABEL UNTUK MEMPREDIKSI UMUR SIMPAN PEMPEK PADA BERBAGAI KONDISI PENYIMPANAN
Get PDFPempek is food that contains 18.26% protein. It is a very good medium to bacteria growth mainlyStaphylococcus aureus. The deterioration of pempek during storage due to S. aureus could be detected by thecolour change of phenol red indicator. It was made in the label form and it was attached in the inside of plasticpackaging. The treatments was treated by the conditions of the packaging (non vacuumed, vacuumed), thetemperature of storage (5-10oC for cold temperature, 30-32oC for room temperature). The result showed theconditions of packaging did not affect the change of label colour, while temperature storage affected it. Thechange of label colour was from red to yellow. The colour change of label in two conditions package (nonvacuumed and vacuumed) were stored at room temperature for time storage of 8th hours, while at coldtemperature for time storage of 24th hours. The colour change of label to yellow was showed by increasing ofohue on the label. The increase was caused by increasing acidity of the label due to S. aureus growth. Thedecreasing of pH label from 7.43 to 7.33. Amount of S. aureus on the label and pempek increased from 0 to0.19×103 cfu/g and from 0.03 to 0.54×103 cfu/g.Keywords: phenol red indicator label, S.aureus, pempe
PENGARUH DOSIS BLEACHING EARTH DAN WAKTU PEMUCATAN CRUDE PALM OILYANG BERVARIASI DETERIORATION OF BLEACHABILITY INDEX (DOBI) TERHADAP MUTU PRODUK
Get PDFDeterioration of bleachability index (DOBI) is one of the parameters in the refining process, to meet the quality of commercial crude palm oil (CPO); Miixing between high quality CPO and low quality CPO sometimes were undertaken. This study was conducted to assess the effect of dose of bleaching earth (BE) and time of bleaching process of various CPO quality, especially CPOs that had different DOBIs. The raw materials used were CPO with DOBIs of 0.65 to 4.80 which obtained from different raw materials, namely of fresh fruit bunches (FFB), palm oil mill (POM), waste from POM, and CPO from FFB heated at 120°C (during 30 and 60 minutes) and mixed with low quality CPO (ratio of 6:4 and 1:9). CPOs were bleached using BE doses of 0.5%, 1.0%, 2.5%, and 2% and time for 15, 30, 45, and 60 minutes. The results obtained from preparation of raw materials were CPO with DOBI of 3.9 and 4.8 (CPO from FFB 1 and 2), 1.4 and 2.68 (CPO from POM 1 and 2) and 0.85 (CPO from waste POM 2) as well as 2.5 and 0.65 (heating) and 2.92 and 1.52 (mixing). The warming of CPO caused colour, carotene, and water content decreased, while free fatty acids (FFA) and peroxide value (PV) increased. The more CPO low quality mixed to CPO high quality caused carotene and DOBI decreased while colour, moisture content, FFB, and PV increased. The results of bleaching showed that increasing time and dose of BE caused colour, carotene, DOBI, and water contents decreased, while FFA increased. PV decreased with increasing doses of BE and for 30 minutes PV decreased then increased with increasing time. Bleaching process of CPO from mixing between high quality CPO and low quality CPO might increase FFA, despite the mixture resulted CPO had high DOBI. This would impact on the deodorization process.Keywords: crude palm oil, bleaching, bleaching earth, deterioration of bleachability inde