ILMU USHULUDDIN
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Relevansi Diskursus Kesetaraan Jender Pada Pemikir Muslim Indonesia di Era Post-Reformasi
No full textThis article will decipher a re-reading of the Qur’anic verses on gender equality that arestill understood by gender bias, especially women bias. The authors see that there are still many behaviors and thoughts that lead to gender bias, especially women bias. The re-readings of Islamic doctrines, especially those of the Qur’an and ḥadīth, are important as a counterweight to gender biased understandings, especially those those found in classical religious texts. The conclusions of this article emphasize that Islam recognizes gender equality between men and women, especially in termsof role and public domain. Men and women have the same opportunity and potential as God’s representatives (khalifatullāh) of the earth who govern and manage the earth’s resources. Only spiritual aspects (piety) distinguish them as human beings in the presence of Allah swt
Charles Taylor’s Critique of the Idea of Distributive Justice in Contemporary Political Philosophy
No full textCharles Taylor is a Canadian Philosopher who is very critical to the idea of distributive justice from the liberal thinkers. One of them is John Rawls, especially his thought in A Theory of Justice. Then, this paper will examine Taylor’s view on that idea. To do so, I analyze Taylor’s Philosophy and the Human Sciences. Following Aristotelian way of thinking on the importance of society to achieve the human good, Taylor criticizes some basic assumptions which support the liberal idea of justice. For him, the emergence of the idea of distributive justice is caused by the failure of the modern thinkers to understand the essence of human being and its relation to society
Metodologi Studi Islam Kontekstual dalam Menafsirkan Ayat-ayat Al-Qur’an tentang Kesetaraan Gender
No full textThere have been many approaches in interpreting the Qur’an formulated by classical exegetes such as linguistic, logical, historical/traditional and mystical approaches. There are also four methods in interpreting the Qur’an: taḥlīlī (sequential), ijmālī (global), muqarin (comparative), and mawḍū’ī (thematic). This paper will explain postmodern ulama’s approaches, which are contextual, in interpreting the Qur’an: Fazlur Raḥmān’s double movement, Masdar F Mas`udi’s fundamental and instrumental verses; Shaḥrūr’s hudud, Nasaruddin Umar’s gender concept, and categorizations of verses into socio-theologist and theologist by Ashgar Ali Engineer, descriptive and prescriptive by Naṣr Ḥāmid Abū Zayd and informative and normative by Kiai Husein Muhammad. Within the existing approaches, this contextual approach is the addition to the existing four approaches. Within the existing methods in interpreting the Qur’an, these contextual postmodern approaches can be categorized into thematic method but with slightly different steps depending on the approach that one scholar adopted. These contextual approaches will be elaborated by applying them to interpret the Qur’anic verses on gender issues such as polygamy, inheritance and leadership in the family. The results of this interpretation can be used to challenge the existing male biased interpretations of the Qur’an which tend to subordinate women
Al-Ta’āys Al-‘Ilmī Bayn Al-‘Ilm Al-Ḥadīth Wa al-Khuṭāb Al-Daynī: Dirāsat Fī Sūrat Al-Baqarah Namūdhijān
No full textThis study is a step to devising and achieving scientific coexistence, or what we call the endless miracle of the Quran in all fields and at all levels. The Quran is like an ocean, the deeper it becomes, the more you discover its potentials. He who looks at it to discover the laws will find his way. He who navigated to discover its linguistic or graphic secrets will find what he wants. He who reads its stories and histories will have fun and enjoyment
Konstitusi dan Nomenklatur Kebebasan Beragama: Pengalaman Berbagai Negara
No full textThis article examines the idea of religious freedom as the constitutional rights of some countries. In the beginning, the principles of freedom of religion (liberty of religion) was deeply rooted and strongly associated with the concept of \u27freedom of thought and conscience\u27, a phrase that first appeared in the Westphalia Treaty of 1648 which ended a long war in the name of religion in Europe. In this context, religious freedom was understood as freedom to believe (or not believe), adhere (or not adhere) to a religious proposition, belief or doctrine on the basis of individual experience or reasoning. It also contained the freedom to change that belief at any time if desired for the reason that basically human being through out his/her life continues to carry out what to be called as the process of preference and selection from the \u27better\u27 life. Nevertheless, religious freedom is not merely a natural right belonging to every individual but in turn also a given right granted by the state as a political authority manifested later in the respective Constitution. For this reason, the state as the holder of the people\u27s mandate has the right to take actions in maintaining this order which in turn may in principle be possible to limit the rights of the community itself, including those relating to religion. Hence this article discusses several important matters on the issue. First, how and to what extent international law guarantees religious freedom normatively; second, how do the general portrait of various state constitutions when discussing religious freedom, and third, to what extent freedom is practically influenced by conditions such as the concept of the public sphere and the existence of a dominant majority group
Mulla Sadra dan Transendensi Diri
No full textExistentialism is indeed a very loose term, Sartre once state this in his famous lecture. But Sartre was saying how people use the term existentialism in his own age and culture. The problem would become more complex if we, instead of attributing this term to Sartre, Heidegger and another so-called modern existentialist philosopher, state that Mulla Sadra, a contemporary of Descartes, is also an existentialist philosopher, yes, he too, advocating the primacy of existence over essence. Despite much problems concerning technical vocabulary and the separate horizon wherein each existentialist philosopher dwell (i.e Sadra and Sartre), there is at least a similar problem that concern themselves. Particularly, as we will explore in this article, the problem of the self. Technical vocabulary and historico-spiritual horizon aside, there is an interesting intersection between the two\u27s conception of the Self. Sartre explore the problem of the self in his Transcendence of the Ego, while Sadra here is only assumed
Role of Santri Middle Class in Democratization Process in Indonesia
No full textResearch on the Roleof Santri Middle Class in Democratization Process in Indonesia was conducted in three cities in Java, i.e. the Cities of East Jakarta, Yogyakarta, and Surabaya. The research was conducted by using quantitative approach and survey method. The data collection method used in this research is direct interview technique, by using questionnaire instrument that was asked to the respondents directly through face to face.There are two types of hypotheses to be proved through this survey research, they are associative and comparativehypotheses.The associative hypothesis verification aims to prove whether there is significant relationship between dependent variable (Y) and independent variable (X) as predictor or not. Inthis research context, the relationship between role in the democratization process as the dependent variable (Y) with predictor independent variables(X) will be tested, which are the literacy of political and economic information(X1), satisfaction to public services (X2), trust in democratic institutions (X3), access to political resources (X4), ideology (X5), and relative deprivation (X6).The comparative hypothesisverificationaims to prove whether there is significant difference between two or more different respondent groups or not. Based on this research purpose, the differences of two respondent groups will be proved comparatively related to their role in the democratization process; they are (1) santrimiddle-class group and (2) groups of santrinon-middle class.There are two types of hypotheses to be proved through this survey research, they are associative and comparative hypotheses. The associative hypothesis verification aims to prove whether there is significant relationship between dependent variable (Y) and independent variable (X) as predictor or not. In this research context, the relationship between role in the democratization process as the dependent variable (Y) with predictor independent variables (X) will be tested, which are the literacy of political and economic information (X1), satisfaction to public services (X2), trust in democratic institutions (X3), access to political resources (X4), ideology (X5), and relative deprivation (X6). The comparative hypothesis verification aims to prove whether there is significant difference between two or more different respondent groups or not. Based on this research purpose, the differences of two respondent groups will be proved comparatively related to their role in the democratization process; they are (1) santri middle-class group and (2) groups of santri non-middle class.From the result of hypothesis associative verification, it is proved that all variables X correlated positively and significantly to variable Y. With this result, then the literacy of political and economic information (X1), satisfaction to public services (X2), trust in democratic institutions (X3), access to political resources (X4), ideology (X5), and relative deprivation (X6) are proved to correlate positively and significantly to the role in democratization (Y).From the result of comparative hypothesis verification, the X2 value of 1363.44 is obtained. This value is greater than the X2 value of table at 88 degrees of freedom and significance level of 0.5. With this result, then the null hypothesis which stated that there is no significant difference between santri middle class and other class groups is rejected. This means the alternative hypothesis that stated otherwise is received. Conclusion based on this examination result is that there are significant differences between the role of santri middle class and other group samples in the democratization process
Pemahaman Hadis Doa Pengalihan Hujan Pendekatan Geografis Jakarta menurut Ali Mustafa Yaqub
No full textThis article will explain and analyze Ali Mustafa Yaqub’s hadith understanding on the hadith of transferring a heavy rain with a geographical approach. The author observes that there are still many problems of misunderstanding on this type of hadith that are apparent among Indonesian Muslim communities, especially the citizen of Jakarta when facing heavy rains and floods in early 2020. The geography science is not a source of Islamic law, but this science can be one of the instruments on understanding the hadith correctly. Based on the geomorphology of geography, the hadith prayer for transferring a heavy rain cannot be practiced by the Jakarta residents because that prayer will only cause floods in Jakarta due to heavy rain that came down in Bogor and return to Jakarta. Ali Mustafa offered a prayer for the citizens of Jakarta when facing heavy rain with the phrase "O Allah, send down a rain at the sea, not to us and around us". This kind of understanding is only applicable to the residents of Jakarta and other cities that have a form of land like Jakarta like Bekasi. For the cities which have landforms like Madinah can recite the prayer because it was indeed recited by the Prophet when heavy rains and floods occurred in the Medina
UMBERTO ECO: MISTERI PROTOKOL TETUA YAHUDI, DAN MITOS MENGUASAI DUNIA
No full textThis article elucidates a paradigm embedded in the memory of Indonesian Muslims about “Jewish conspiracies” or “the Protocols of the Elders of Zion” who want to rule the world. This paradigm became known as “Conspiracy theory”. First, this article will describe the views of Umberto Eco, a novelist, semioticist, and medieval European historian. Second, tracing books about the Jewish conspiracy that circulated among Muslims. Third, confronting conspiracy theories with facts and my subjective opinions. In the study of political sociology, conspiracy theory is a closed system that is unfalsifiable, and therefore “a matter of faith rather than proof”.It is hard to find solid evidence. Instead of preserving this absurd paradigm of conspiracy theory, Muslims should focus on developing the quality of their human resources. The human history has proven that superior nations who dominating the world are those who capable in managing human resources, regardless of their race, nation and religion
Dukungan Penafsiran Sufistik al-Qur’an terhadap Emotional Spiritual Quotient (ESQ)
No full textIn classical Sufistic interpretation, it was taught about how to cultivate one\u27s heart. This is done so that a servant can interact directly with Him. While in the modern world today it is taught about the Emotional Spiritual Quotient (ESQ) which incidentally has the same basis in the management of "emotion" and "heart" as a means to achieve success in the world and the hereafter. Between Sufistic interpretation and ESQ there is a close relationship. By using descriptive-analytical methods, this article finds that Sufistic interpretation has direction, orientation and goals that are in line with ESQ. Sufistically, there is a Qur\u27anic interpretation that can be used as a medium to increase emotional and spiritual skills (ESQ). In the context of Sufism practices, a very real contribution is found that one\u27s level of religiousness is in line and closely related to one\u27s ESQ.