Journal of Integrated -OMICS
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EFFECT OF MATERNAL HIGH-FAT DIET ON SERUM BRAIN-DERIVED NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR AND BEHAVIORAL REACTIONS IN MALE OFFSPRING OF WISTAR RATS: DOI: 10.5584/jiomics.v10i1.306
No full textMaternal diet affects the development and health of future offspring. Recent studies indicate that excess fat in the female’s diet can influence the structure and function of the brain of her pups. An important role in the maturation of the central nervous system (CNS) and the maintenance of its functioning assigned to brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Changes in BDNF concentration in the brain are associated with the occurrence of various neurobehavioral and mental disorders. In this work, we studied the behavioral reactions and the level of serum BDNF in male Wistar rats whose mothers before, during pregnancy and during lactation consumed food with excess fat (20 % of the total daily calorie content) and in the offspring of females who consumed standard diet of vivarium. As a result, an impairment of spatial learning and memory was revealed, as well as increased anxiety in the Morris Water Maze, Elevated plus Maze and Open Field in pups whose mothers were on a high-fat diet. These disorders were combined with a reduced level of BDNF in the peripheral blood. The data obtained indicate that high maternal fat consumption before pregnancy, during prenatal and early postnatal period, contributes to the formation of neurobehavioral disorders in offspring, which is probably associated with reduced BDNF levels in peripheral blood, and consequently in the brain.
Характер питания матери оказывает влияние на развитие и состояние здоровья ее будущего потомства. Результаты недавних исследований указывают на то, что избыточное количество жиров в рационе самки способно оказывать воздействие на структуру и функционирование мозга ее детенышей. Важная роль в созревании центральной нервной системы и поддержании ее функционирования отводится мозговому нейротрофическому фактору (BDNF). Изменение его содержания в мозге связывают с возникновением различных нейроповеденческих нарушений и психических расстройств. В данной работе были исследованы особенности поведенческих реакций и содержание БДНФ в сыворотке крови самцов крыс линии Вистар, чьи матери до, во время беременности и в период лактации потребляли пищу с избыточным содержанием жира (20% от общей суточной калорийности) и у потомства самок, потреблявших стандартный рацион вивария. В результате было выявлено нарушение пространственного обучения и памяти, а также повышение уровня тревожности в тестах «Водный лабиринт Морриса», «Приподнятый крестообразный лабиринт» и «Открытое поле» у детенышей, чьи матери находились на высокожировой диете. Эти нарушения сочетались у них со сниженным уровнем БДНФ в периферической крови. Полученные данные указывают на то, что потребление самкой высокожировой диеты до беременности, в пренатальный и ранний постнатальный период способствует формированию у ее потомства нейроповеденческих нарушений, что вероятно связано со снижением БДНФ в периферической крови, а следовательно и уровня его экспрессии в головном мозге
SPECIAL ISSUE: SELECTED ABSTRACTS OF THE IV INTERNATIONAL CAPARICA CONFERENCE IN ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE (IC2AR 2021)
Get PDFSPECIAL ISSUE: SELECTED ABSTRACTS OF THE IV INTERNATIONAL CAPARICA CONFERENCE IN ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE (IC2AR 2021
Organelle proteomics in skeletal muscle biology: DOI: 10.5584/jiomics.v2i2.111
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The cell biological profile of skeletal muscle tissues is highly complex and variable due to the molecular heterogeneity and cellular plasticity of contractile fibres and their supportive structures. Mass spectrometry-based proteomics has been used to study global changes in muscle during maturation, differentiation and physiological adaptations, as well as following pathological insults. However, due to the dynamic protein expression range of contractile cells, the findings from large-scale biochemical surveys of crude tissue extracts were limited to mostly soluble and abundant protein species. To overcome this technical problem, organelle proteomics was applied to study distinct subcellular fractions from skeletal muscle preparations. Tissue pre-fractionation procedures significantly reduce sample complexity and thus allow a more comprehensive cataloging of highly complex protein mixtures. This article reviews the impact of recent subproteomic studies of skeletal muscle and discusses findings from changes in the proteome of mitochondria, surface membranes, sarcoplasmic reticulum, cytosol and the contractile apparatus in normal, transforming and pathological muscle
Quality Improvement for Criminal Investigations - Lessons from Science? DOI: 10.5584/jiomics.v8i1.215
No full textCriminal investigations generally aim at discovering previously unknown facts. The same is true for scientific (or academic) research. Both follow a rather tight framework of rules – most importantly, the principles of objectivity, reliability and validity. However, some of the intentions differ. Science generally attempts to discover and/or explain new principles, while criminal inquiries are instead usually bound to past, often singular, events. For example, the methods used in forensic investigations are required to be well established, standardised and undisputed inasmuch as possible. In contrast, the exploration of new methods is an important feature of the advancement of science. Consequently, both tendencies – similarities and opposites – can be discerned when comparing criminal and academic examinations.
The ‘Pareto principle’ indicates that the vast majority of all criminal investigations run rather unproblematically. Nevertheless, the highest quality criteria must be guaranteed for these and the remaining, more challenging cases as well – based on the ‘fair trial’ principle. Acknowledging that mistakes are inevitable (Murphy’s law), methodical approaches for error identification, handling, management and reduction are essential.
Error correction mechanisms that are typical for forensic statements normally include a second source of expertise and/or an appeals procedure. In academic science, however, the peer review system has long been established as the most important quality control and error correction system. Furthermore, possible mistakes can usually be corrected in later, more detailed studies. However, the central position of forensic experts and criminal investigators in a legal procedure and the severe personal consequences of incorrect statements emphasize the high importance of continuous improvement of both the qualifications of the investigators and the quality of their methods.
Nevertheless, error reduction provisions should not be restricted to technical measures such as quality management and accreditations. Furthermore, a systemic/organisational approach towards error management seems promising. This involves, among other measures, a systematic examination of mistakes and the recognition of the human factors that underlie them. Nevertheless, an indispensable component for quality enhancement is intense cooperation from both sides – the criminalistic and forensic practice as well as the scientific (basic) research
Molecular mechanisms of adaptation to the habitat depth in visual pigments of A. subulata and L. forbesi squids: on the role of the S270F substitution: DOI: 10.5584/jiomics.v9i1.273
No full textRevealing the mechanisms of animal adaptation to different habitats is one of the central tasks of evolutionary physiology. A particular case of such adaptation is the visual adaptation of marine species to different depth ranges. Because water absorbs more intensively longer wavelengths than shorter wavelengths, the increase of habitat depth shifts the visual perception of marine species towards the blue region. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms of such visual adaptation for two squid species – Alloteuthis subulata and Loligo forbesi. These species live at different depths (200 m and 360 m, respectively) and the absorption maximum of A. subulata visual rhodopsin is slightly red-shifted compared to L. forbesi rhodopsin (499 and 494 nm, respectively). Previously, the amino acid sequences of these two species were found to differ in 22 sites with only seven of them being non-neutral substitutions, and the S270F substitution was proposed as a possible candidate responsible for the spectral shift. In this study, we constructed computational models of visual rhodopsins of these two squid species and determined the main factors that cause the 5 nm spectral shift between the two proteins. We find that the origin of this spectral shift is a consequence of a complex reorganization of the protein caused by at least two mutations including S270F. Moreover, the direct electrostatic effect of polar hydroxyl-bearing serine that replaces non-polar phenylalanine is negligible due to the relatively long distance to the chromophore
Differential expression of multidrug-resistance genes in Trichophyton rubrum: DOI: 10.5584/jiomics.v9i2.304
No full textTreatment of dermatophytosis is generally a long and challenging process, deeply affected by drug resistance owing to efflux-mediated activity. These drug-pumping mechanisms involve overexpression of transporter proteins with the ability to extrude a wide variety of structurally and functionally unrelated compounds. The ATP-binding cassette transporter and the major facilitator are the two largest superfamilies of transporters, expressed ubiquitously in all living organisms. Here, we examined the transcription modulation of both families of transporter genes in the dermatophyte Trichophyton rubrum upon challenge with sub-lethal doses of undecanoic acid or acriflavine. Data derived from RNA sequencing revealed transporters functioning in specific patterns according to the stressing condition, suggesting that each drug recruits specific physiological pathways. Synergistic transport activity may be acting to overcome drug toxicity, demonstrating that multidrug resistance transporters cooperate to induce drug resistance and fungal survival in an unpredictable manner