HAYATI Journal of Biosciences
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Antimicrobial Activity of Sonneratia ovata Backer
Get PDFSonneratia, a genus of mangroves from family Lythraceae, is reported for number of high biological activity including antimicrobial. Sonneratia ovata Backer is one of the species which traditionally used by Indonesian people for the treatment of some diseases. In this research, the investigation about biological activity of S. ovata Backer as anti-microbial has been performed. The methanol extract of S. ovata Backer is highly potential as antimicrobial against gram positive bacteria, S. aureus, with IC50 value of 7.7 μg/ml which is higher than of Ampicillin as positive control with IC50 value of 37.8 μg/ml. Furthermore, stigmasterol one of the major compound of S. ovata Backer has been isolated from the methanol extract of the stem bark of S. ovata Backer. Therefore, S. ovata Backer is proven to have high activity as antimicrobial, and highly potential to be a new source of antimicrobial agent
Biodegradation of 1,1,1-Trichloro-2,2-bis (4-chlorophenyl) ethane (DDT) by Mixed Cultures of White-Rot Fungus Ganoderma lingzhi and Bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Get PDFThis study investigated the biodegradation of 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis (4-chlorophenyl) ethane (DDT) by mixed cultures white-rot fungus Ganoderma lingzhi BMC 9057 and bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Cultures bacteria P. aeruginosa with various volumes 1, 3, 5, 7, and 10 ml (1 ml ≈ 1.53 x 109 bacteria cells/ml cultures) was added into 10 ml G. lingzhi cultures for degrading DDT. After 7 d incubation, DDT was degraded about 100% with addition of 5, 7, and 10 ml of P. aeruginosa culture into G. lingzhi. Two metabolites; 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis (4-chlorophenyl) ethane (DDD) and 1-chloro,2-2-bis (4-chlorophenyl) ethylene (DDMU) were detected from mixed cultures G. lingzhi and P. aeruginosa as metabolite products of DDT. This research indicated that mixed cultures of whiterot fungus G. lingzhi and P. aeruginosa could be used to degrade DDT
Oil Palm Phytochrome-Interacting Factor4 (PIF4) Gene is Conserved and Highly Expressed During Somatic Embryogenesis
Get PDFOil palm is used in food, fuel and cosmetic industries. Tissue culture is the best way to propagate oil palm; unfortunately the somatic embryogenesis during tissue culture takes long time. The molecular mechanism of somatic embryogenesis in oil palm remains unknown. Recent research reported that auxin plays an important role in early and post-embryogenic plant. PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTOR4 (PIF4) regulates levels of auxin and the expression of key auxin biosynthesis genes. Our research aims to characterize oil palm PIF4 gene. Thus, we cloned EgPIF4, analyzed the domain using bioinformatic and examined the expression of EgPIF4 during somatic embryogenesis at different tissue including callus and somatic embryo stages; globular, torpedo, cotyledon, and plantlet stage using real-time PCR method. The result showed that EgPIF4 gene comprised 1,737 bp with 9 exons, which encode 578 amino acid residuals. It contains a conserved domain called basic helix-loop-helix domain. EgPIF4 has high level of expression at somatic embryogenetic stage specifically globular and torpedo stage suggested that EgPIF4 plays an important role during somatic embryogenesis. The future characterization of EgPIF4 function in oil palm will help to understand somatic embryogenesis process and facilitate the improvement of the oil palm tissue culture
Production and Characteristics of Yeast Dextranase from Soil
Get PDF The existence of dextran in sugar cane juice is a major problem in the sugar industry, causing substantial losses. Treatment of dextran through enzymatic hydrolysis using dextranase is highly recommended as the most suitable method at this time because this is more effective and more economical. This study investigated the production and characterization of dextranase from local isolate yeast to degrade dextran on sugar cane juice. The selected yeast was identified on the basis of molecular identification. Dextranase was produced from the culture with the best carbon and nitrogen sources then was characterized. Application of enzyme was also evaluated. As a selected isolate, F4 had the closest relationship with Pichia kudriavzevii. The highest production of dextranase was induced by the supplementation of glucose and combination of yeast extract and peptone. The enzyme had optimum working condition at pH 7, temperature at 30°C and it is more stable at 4°C of storage temperature. The cation Na+ played key role as co-factor while K+ and Ca2+ were detected as inhibitor of the enzyme. Dextranase from F4 isolate can hydrolyze dextran both in pure and in mixed dextran substrate, but with a lower hydrolysis rate
Genetic Variation of Calpastation Gene of Indigenous Bali Cattle (Bos javanicus) in Indonesia
Get PDFCalpastatin is one of gene markers affecting meat tenderness. The study aimed to evaluate genetic variation of calpastatin (CAST) gene of Bali cattle (Bos javanicus) in lndonesia. A total of 61 samples consisting of 21 Bali cattle, 22 Ongole cattle (Bos indicus), and 18 Friesian Holstein (FH) cattle (Bos taurus) were applied. The Ongole and FH cattle were involved for breed comparison. DNA was extracted from fresh blood using a High Salt method and measured their quality by a Spectrophotometer. A 523 bp of Calpastatin gene fragment was amplified by Polymerase Chain Reaction and Restriction Fragment Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique with RsaI restriction enzyme for genotyping. Result showed that two variants alleles (C and G) and three genotypes (CC, GC, GG) were found in those Bali, Ongole and FH samples. Allele G was dominant allele with the highest G allele was in Bali cattle population (0.88). The higher percentage of allele C was found in Ongole and Friesian Holstein compared to that in Bali cattle. The Ongole breed tends to have a potential source of lean meat quality. This finding identified that genetic variation of CAST gene was exist in Bali cattle and adapted cattle of Ongole and FH in Indonesian
Optimization Extraction of Xylocarpus granatum Stem as Antioxidant and Antiglycation
Get PDFXylocarpus granatum is an Indonesian plant that has bioactives content of phenols and high antioxidant activity on it. The aim of this research was to determine the optimum condition maceration for Xylocarpus granatum stem as antioxidant and antiglycation. The optimum conditions of maceration were effected by the extraction variables (concentration, sample/solvent ratio, extraction time) were evaluated using surface response method. The optimum condition was determined from the recovery of the respons. The optimum condition of maceration is predicted to be achieved when the solvent concentration is 52.25%, the extraction time is 15.92 hours, sample/solvent ratio is 1 g/9 ml with the response (yield, total phenol content, flavonoid, inhibition for 2,2’-diphenylpicryl hydrazyl, capacity of 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), and inhibition antiglycation were 12.81%, 1.95 mg of gallic acid/g extract, 62.33 μg quercetin/g extract, 41.11%, 0.71 TEAC, and 112.33%, respectively). Optimization extraction conditions shows that the extraction variables have significant effect on respons so it can reduce the extraction time, economic, and produce high bioactivite constituens
Phytochemical, Antibacterial, and Antioxidant Activities of Anthurium Hookerii leaves Extracts
Get PDFMany plants of the family of Araceae possess significant benefit as medicinal plants. Anthurium hookerii is herbaceous genus of the family of Araceae. A. hookerii leaves were extracted with five dissimilarity solvents (methanolic, water, ethyl acetate, n-hexane, and dichloromethane). The extracts were evaluated for their phytochemical, total phenolic contents, and antibacterial potential. The presences of tannins and saponins were found in all crude extracts. The steroid was only found in dichloromethane extract, whereas flavonoid was obtained in methanol and water extracts. Besides; methanol, ethyl acetate, water, and n-hexane extracts showed triterpenoid contents. Alkaloid presences in ethyl acetate, methanolic, dichloromethane, and water extracts. The total phenol content was examined by Follin-Ciocalteu assay, which varied from 9.52-76.56 mg/g GAE. The highest total phenolic was found in methanol extract. Antioxidant activity was calculated based on diphenyl picryl hydrazyl radical scavenging ability that showed the scavenging activity with range 7.24-66.11%, which the methanoilic extract have the excellent antioxidant potential (IC50 232.90 µg/ml). Antibacterial activity of leaves extracts of A. hookerii was screened based on disc diffusion method. Water extract showed the wide spectrum antibacterial potential. Klebsiella sp., Bacillus subtilis, Pripioni agnes, and Strepticoccus mutans with maximum diameter of inhibition zone 10.30, 14.20, 9.60, and 15.10 mm, respectively
Isolation and Characterization of C-C Chemokine Ligand 7 (CCL7) in Cynomolgus Macaques
Get PDFCynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis) are an established animal model of asthma, which exhibit different responses to allergen exposure that are clinically relevant. The chemokine ligand gene (CCL7) encodes Monocyte Chemotactic Protein-3, which has an important role in asthma pathogenesis. While CCL7 polymorphism in humans is associated with asthma phenotype, very little is known about CCL7 in nonhuman primate models of respiratory disease. The objective of this study was to isolate and characterize CCL7 gene in cynomolgus macaques of Indonesian origin. In this study, we used sequencing and bioinformatics technique for gene isolation, characterization, and protein 3D structure prediction. We isolated a 2253 base-pair (bp) sequence of CCL7 in cynomolgus macaques, which exhibited 95% similarity in coding sequence to human CCL7. The amino acid sequence was more closely clustered with human CCL7 than with that of rodents. Importantly, the predictive protein structure of CCL7 was similar to that in humans. These similarities in CCL7 suggests the potential of cynomolgus macaque as a translational model to study asthma, particularly in the context of genetics and role of chemokines such as CCL7
Morphologycal and Molecular Partial Histone-H3 Characterization of Bintan Sea Snail Gonggong (Strombus sp.) as a Species Validation
Get PDFSea snail gonggong is an icon of Tanjungpinang-Riau Islands Province. It is a favorite seafood item in Riau Islands Province, and is high economic value but not known widely yet. Until now, sea snail gonggong has been highly exploited but the research on this snail is very limited. The aim of this study was to morphology and molecular characterization of Bintan gonggong snail (Strombus sp.) as a species validation. Bintan gonggong snail included thick-shelled gonggong and thin-shelled gonggong. Morphology identifcation of species Bintan gonggong snail was based on morphometric variability. Molecular identifcation used partial Histone-H3, MEGA version 6.06, and bioinformatics analysis. The result showed that the morphological identifcation of thick-shelled and thin-shelled gonggong based on shell width, the lip thickness, and total weight signifcantly different, but other variables (i.e shell length, shell depth, aperture length, and gonggong weight) were not signifcantly different (p<0.05). Resulted of a molecular identifcation with phylogenetic analysis that the thin-shelled and thick-shelled Bintan gonggong snails were 1 species and a genetic distance of 1%. They were not species Strombus canarium, Strombus vitatus, and Strombus epidromis. Bintan gonggong snails were Strombus turturella (Leavistrombus turturella). DNA sequences of Bintan gonggong have been registered in Gen-Bank with registration numbers MH348131 (thinshelled gonggong) and MH348132 (thick-shelled gonggong)
3D Landscape Recording and Modeling of Individual Trees
Get PDFThe 3D city/landscape model is digital representation of real environment that can be used for planner or landscape architecture in urban development planning. That model’s more focused on building, whereas vegetation model’s also needed for urban planning simulation. This research purposes are to map existing vegetation and to generate individual trees model in some level of details. The research area is campus of ITB Jatinangor and the used data are orthophoto and DSM from UAV-Photogrammetry technology. Manual segmentation, classification, and NDSM generation process can provide tree information (position, crown diameter, species, height)-as 3D vegetation modeling input. It’s also necessary to provide classification, information, detail level, and visualization of vegetation model according to landscape architecture analysis needs. This research results are 3D vegetation models in LoD 1-3 with differents information based on appearance, geometry, semantic, and topology aspects of CityGML. Models then tested qualitatively based on visualization and sun shadow analysis. For visualization, the used data only able to generate LoD 1 and 2 vegetation model and the minimum LoD required for sun shadow analysis is LoD 2. Terrestrial data, which provide the real form and size of each tree part, is needed to generate LoD 3 vegetation model