HAYATI Journal of Biosciences
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The Potential Selective Oncolytic Effects of Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) on Cervical and Colon Cancer Cell Lines
Get PDFThe mesogenic and velogenic strains of the avian Newcastle Disease Viruses (NDV) have been investigated for use in cancer virotherapy. However, despite its promising results, these strains have the potential to cause outbreaks leading to morbidity and mortality in large numbers of avians that can devastate the poultry industry. Therefore, there is a growing interest towards the use of lentogenic strains such as NDV LaSota vaccine strain for virotherapy. This study investigated the oncolytic potential of the NDV LaSota strain on colorectal cancer (HT29) and cervical cancer (HeLa) cell lines. The NDV LaSota stain was propagated in pathogen free embryonated chicken eggs and quantified using a hemagglutination assay. The oncolytic activity was evaluated by comparison of HT29 and HeLa cell lines to the non-cancerous human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cell line using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) viability assay. The highest NDV concentration of 16 HAU was found to reduce the viability of HT29, HeLa, and HEK293 cell lines to 42±3% (p = 0.0001), 49±12% (p = 0.0009), and 77±5% (p = 0.007), respectively, indicating its potential selective cytotoxicity, as supported by the disturbed cell morphology. The NDV LaSota strain exhibits a potential selective oncolytic activity towards cancer cell lines, thus may serve as an interesting candidate for virotherapy against colorectal and cervical cancer
Growth of Red Amaranth (Amaranthus cruentus L.) Cultivated on Soil-Based Substrate Amended with a Residue of the Black Soldier Fly Larvae Containing Heavy Metals
Get PDFRed amaranth (Amaranthus cruentus L.) is a fast-growing and nutritious leafy vegetable. The seed population density needs to be known appropriately to obtain the optimal yield of marketable sizes plants. The residue of black soldier fly (BSF) larvae culture has been recognized as a potential source of nutrients for cultivating red spinach plants. This study was designed to search for the best combination of plant population density and BSF concentration to obtain the optimal marketable yield of the red amaranth plant. In addition, an accurate leaf area estimation of the red amaranth plant was also developed using leaf dimensions as a predictor with several regression models. Two experiments were conducted. Firstly, the BSF residue was applied at a high rate (up to 50%) using a floating culture system. Application of the residue at the rate of 30% and higher significantly inhibited the growth of the red amaranth. Secondly, the application rate was reduced to 10% and 20%, and the experiment was conducted using the conventional cultivation system. Results indicated that the optimum application rate of the BSF residue was 10% for enhancing growth. Application of seed density at 30 mg/dm2 produced an optimum marketable yield of the red amaranth since a higher population density causes plant-plant competition. Thus, creating high size variability within the population or reducing the average size of the harvested plants. Lastly, the leaf area of red amaranth can be accurately estimated using the leaf length x width (LW) as a predictor using the zero-intercept linear regression model
Allometric Model, Aboveground Biomass and Carbon Sequestration of Natural Regeneration of Avicennia lanata (Ridley). at in-active Pond of Muna Regency, Southeast Sulawesi
Get PDFThis study aimed to establish an allometric model for estimation of aboveground biomass, and carbon sequestration in A. lanata mangrove forest growing in Muna Regency, Southeast Sulawesi. Research methods were done by transect and 5 quadrats with size of 100 m2 each. A total of thirteen individual trees with different sizes were harvested. While DBH and D30 were measured. The samples were separated into stems, branches, and leaves and then weighted. The sample from each fresh organs were taken and brought to the Laboratory and then oven dried at 80°C for 7 days. The allometric equations were established by using independent variables (DBH and D30), and dependent variables (Ws, Wb, Wl). The partial and overall aboveground biomasses were calculated from allometric model, while carbon stock and CO2 sequestration were estimated. The results showed that the independent variable of DBH was more applicable for estimation of Ws, Wb, Wl, and total biomasses (Mg ha-1) of A. lanata forest, which were estimated as 28.28±3.48, 6.40±0.79, 5.00±0.66, and 40.08±4.97 respectively. The carbon stock in stems (13.24±1.63 Mg ha-1) was higher than in branches (3.01±0.37 Mg C ha-1) as well as in leaves (2.35±0.31 Mg C ha-1). The total of carbon stock were estimated at about 18.83±2.33 Mg C ha-1. Meanwhile, the total of CO2 absorption by A. lanata mangrove was 43.95±5.45 Mg CO2 ha-1. Therefore a regenerated A. lanata mangrove in this in-active pond area had potentiality on carbon stock and sequestrations, although these vegetation condition was still in the growth stage
The Fishing Grounds and the Exploitation Status of Kawakawa (Euthynnus affinis) in Java Sea, Indonesia
Get PDFKawakawa (Euthynnus affinis) is one of the highly favored mackerel tunas caught in Java Sea. The increase in demand due to local consumption and export eventually increases fishing that is proportional to the exploitation status. To maintain the fish resource, a scientific study should be carried out on the fishing grounds and the exploitation status of kawakawa. This study was carried out for 3 years, i.e. in March to October 2017, June to December 2018, and February to November 2019 at Pekalongan National Fishing Port in Pekalongan, Central Java, with 9,511 fish as the study objects. The data analysis was carried out by observing the fishing grounds using GPS and through interview. In addition, the exploitation status was analyzed using FISAT II application and ELEFAN program. The fishing grounds were mostly coastal waters with 15–55 cm sized kawakawa. The size of the first caught (Lc) of the kawakawa in this area ranged from 26.9 cm to 38.4 cm. The fish recruitment occurred all year long, peaking in Apr at 15.97% and Juli 13.62%.The fish natural mortality (M) was smaller than its fishing mortality (F), while its exploitation status was 0.66 (overfished), meaning that the current fishing efforts should be reduced by 32%. The other management efforts that can be carried out are among others conservation, keeping the fishing grounds outside the spawning grounds, and controlling the mesh size
Antioxidant Activity of Endophytic Bacteria Derived from Hoya multiflora Blume Plant and Their Cellular Activities on Schizosaccharomyces pombe
Get PDFEndophytic bacteria isolated from plant tissues can produce the same secondary metabolites as their host plants. One of the metabolites that the bacteria can produce is antioxidants. This research aimed to analyze and measure the antioxidant activities of two endophytic bacteria, i.e. Bacillus siamensis HMB1 and Bacillus aryabhattai HMD4 cultures, derived from Hoya multiflora Blume plant, a tropical epiphytic plant species that grows in Indonesia, and to identify their cellular effects on Schizosaccharomyces pombe. The active compounds went through extraction process, and the antioxidant activities were measured, the extracts went under phytochemical analysis, and their phenol and flavonoid contents were measured. In vitro analysis was carried out using S. pombe. The results of this research indicated that both cultures had antioxidant activities, where HMB1 showed the highest IC50 value (51.18 mg/ml) among all. In vitro analysis indicated that HMD4 bacterial crude extract in 250 ppm concentration showed the highest resistance effect and significantly enhanced S. pombe growth. In addition, the results of the LC-MS analysis suggested that a total of 14 compounds potentially had antioxidant activity
Community of Soil Actinobacteria in PTPN VI Oil Palm Plantation Jambi (Sumatra, Indonesia) Based on Amplicon Sequencing of 16S rRNA Gene
Get PDFIn Sumatra, Indonesia, increased oil palm production encourages land expansion for oil palm plantations. And soil Actinobacteria have a potential role in agriculture and plantations ecosystems. The use of fertilizer and herbicide affects soil microbial diversity, including Actinobacteria. This research analyzed and investigated the community composition and diversity of Actinobacteria in soils of oil palm plantations in Jambi Sumatra. Amplicon-based analysis of the 16S rRNA gene (V3-V4 hypervariable region) was used to amplify actinobacterial full-length 16S sequences. The V3-V4 actinobacterial specific 16S rRNA gene sequencing was done using Next-Generation Sequencing. This study confirmed that actinobacterial specific 16S rRNA gene primer could amplify the actinobacterial 16S rRNA gene. Frankiales dominated the community composition of soilborne Actinobacteria. The diversity and community composition of soilborne Actinobacteria were not significantly affected by the interaction between fertilization and weed treatments. Furthermore, the use of NPK fertilizer significantly affected the abundance of Kineosporiales, whose abundance increased with the increasing concentration of NPK fertilizer. The interaction between fertilization and weeding treatments in the oil palm plantations has no impact on soil Actinobacteria\u27s community composition and diversity
Genetic Diversity of the Endangered Endemic Anoa (Bubalus spp): Implication for Conservation
Get PDFAnoa is an endemic ungulate in Sulawesi and its status now is endangered because the population continues to decline. Conservation genetics is one of the crucial issues in the anoa conservation strategy and action plan 2013-2022 document, but this genetic data is not yet available. To investigate and provide valuable information for conservation genetics measures, thirteen polymorphic microsatellites were used to analyze 20 adult anoa. Anoa has relatively low genetic diversity within populations (HO = 0.58), and high genetic differentiation among populations (FST = 0157). Although the anoa population has a bottleneck signal (T.P.M: 0.019; P0.05), the bottleneck simulation results show that the loss of genetic diversity is being slow over the next 100 years (9.5%). We provide some recommendations for conservation genetics based on the findings in this paper, including monitoring and genetically mapping for other anoa populations due to bottleneck signals, establishing the founder of the ex-situ population by examining their genetic diversity status, maintaining and increasing the number of individuals in the ex-situ population to genetically safe population size, and managing anoa populations by avoiding inbreeding. In-situ and ex-situ conservation programs should be combined to maintain the genetic diversity of anoa
Taxonomy and Antimicrobial Activity of Gliding Bacterium from Indonesian Mangroves
Get PDFThe discovery of new antibiotic is needed, due to the increasing antimicrobial resistance in nature. Therefore, this study aims to isolate gliding bacteria and to ascertain their antimicrobial activity against pathogenic microbes. This research was conducted by isolating gliding bacteria from mangrove sediment in Muara Angke, North Jakarta, Indonesia. All of the strains were identified by 16S rRNA genes sequencing and those selected strain was characterized using polyphasic approach. The performance of crude extracts against to ten pathogenic microorganisms were detected using serial dilution test in 96-well plates. Mangrove gliding bacteria isolates designated 313MSO and 314MSO were showed high homology to Ohtaekwangia kribbensis with 96.20% and 99.12% similarity, respectively. The polyphasic approach led to the conclusion that the strain 313MSO was a new species of the genus Ohtaekwangia. Twenty-three crude extracts were obtained from cultivating the strain in twenty-three different media. The most of them inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus Newman with the minimum concentration of 33.33-66.67 µg/ml. Four compounds (Marinoquinolines A-D) were obtained from HPLC-MS analysis. Furthermore, the strain 313MSO is presently being studied for in-depth identification of additional unknown metabolites detected in the crude extracts
Landmark-Based Geometric Morphometric of Apis dorsata and A. d. binghami Wing Venation in Indonesian Archipelagos
Get PDFThe giant honey bee Apis dorsata has a vast distribution in Asia, including in the Indonesian archipelagos, whereas A. d. binghami is endemic to Sulawesi Island. This research aimed to analyze the variations of landmarks in wing venation of A. dorsata from Sumatra, Belitung, Java, Sumbawa, Moluccas islands, and A. d. binghami in Sulawesi, based on geometric morphometric analysis. Nineteen landmarks from 200 wing venations were analyzed using Thin Plate Spline software. Our study found landmarks 16 and 17, known as Cubital Index in traditional morphometrics, contributed to the wing shape of A. dorsata and A. d. binghami Among all samples, these two landmarks show high displacement in the wing shape of A. d. binghami in Sulawesi and A. dorsata in the Moluccas. On the contrary, we found that the Sumatra, Belitung, and Java Apis dorsata revealed low displacement in the deformation grid; resulting in their shapes being more similar to the reference landmark. The variations of wing shape separate A. d. binghami from Sulawesi and Sumbawa in the Principle Component Analysis and agreement with the Neighbor-joining tree. Therefore, the geometric morphometric based on landmarks of wing venation is a powerful tool to discriminate the subspecies level of A. dorsata
Carbon-nanotube for Transient Expression in Rice Calli
Get PDFTransient gene expression is an important technique in gene functional analysis, protein production and in plants. However, traditional transient expression methods using Agrobacterium are time-consuming with low efficiency. In this study, we demonstrated the use of a single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) to deliver 35S:mCherry:pCXSN plasmid into rice calli. This transient expression protocol used a plastic medical syringe to create the physical pressure to help the delivery of plasmid DNA into plant cells. This protocol is relatively easy to perform and low cost. The transient expression was observed under fluorescence microscopy, and the mCherry fluorescence signal was quantified. The plasmid DNA was delivered into the rice cell using a 3:1 ratio (plasmid: carbon nanotube). The result showed that the mCherry signal of carbon nanotube + plasmid DNA treatment was the highest signal at 3 days post-transformation and decreased to a lower signal at 6 days post-transformation. Moreover, the quantitative analysis of mCherry mean intensity revealed that the signal intensity of carbon nanotube + plasmid DNA treatment was the highest level, and significantly higher than the control treatments at 3 days post-transformation. Plasmid DNA can be transported easily into plant calli using this carbon nanotube transient expression protocol