HAYATI Journal of Biosciences
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Nicotiana tabacum var. Virginia Bio Oil-based Pyrolysis Extraction Have Prominence Antimicrobial Potential Compared to Ethanol Heat Reflux Extraction (EHRE)
Get PDFTobacco leaf contains antibacterial secondary metabolite compounds, such as phenol, alkaloids, and essential oils. This study compares the potential antibacterial effects of Indonesian tobacco leaf extracted using the heat reflux method (producing an extract) and pyrolysis method (providing a bio-oil). The tobacco leaf extract was challenged against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853. The bio-oil from the pyrolysis method showed inhibitory Kirby Bauer zones higher than those of the extract from heat reflux method, with the maximum results in the pyrolysis method indicating zones of 6.35 mm (S. aureus), 5.90 mm (E. faecalis), 3.97 mm (E. coli), and 5.025 mm (P. aeruginosa). Further study analyzed the effectiveness of the disc and well diffusion antibacterial test methods for measuring the antibacterial effect of bio-oils against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853. The bio-oil used in the well diffusion test method showed the most significant antibacterial effectiveness. It showed the biggest inhibition zone, with a maximum of 11.65 mm and 8.90 mm for E. coli and P. aeruginosa. Our results showed Nicotiana tabacum var. Virginia Bio Oil from Ponorogo (Indonesia) is a strong potential antimicrobial, especially using well diffusion test
Artefactual Suboptimal Fixation Effect to Nuclear Staining on Erythrocytes of Lutjanus kasmira (Forsskål 1775)
Get PDFThis research presents the unusual staining characteristic of the teleosts red blood cells–the common bluestripe snapper Lutjanus kasmira, caught at Toc Tan (Allison) Reef, Truong Sa Archipelago, Vietnam, due to side effects of the delayed staining procedure. In addition to the quantitative data measured, the results of microscopic image research showed that, on slides performed with the delayed Romanovsky staining procedure using Giemsa dye, the cell "nucleus" was not dye-stained as seen in the erythrocytes of much other fish. The AFM and SEM images of blood slides show that the structure of the nuclear zone and the nuclear membrane was destroyed. Although methanol is used as one of the common fixatives in biology, the delayed staining still causes artifactual side effects, disrupts the structure of the red blood cell nucleus and can cause confusion when studying cytogenetics
In Silico Study of Anticancer Activity of Red Betel Leaves Bioactive Compounds against Colon Cancer Marker Proteins
Get PDFColon cancer or colorectal cancer is one of the major health problems in the world. Previous research has proven that red betel leaves extract has anticancer activity against breast cancer cells. The study aimed to look at the potential of compounds contained in red betel ethyl acetate fraction as anticancer substances for colon cancer by conducting in silico tests through the docking of three colon cancer biomarker receptors against eight red betel leaves compounds. The parameters of binding affinity energy and inhibition constant used in the molecular docking analysis showed that there are several compounds that have the potential as inhibitors against colon cancer marker proteins to inhibit the development of colorectal cancer and have high bioavalibility as oral drugs. Based on in silico test it is known that the compound N-1,N-9-Bis [E-(2-nitophenyl) methylene] non anedihydrazide has the highest inhibition of human leukotriene A4 hydrolase receptor with binding affinity energy of 11.3160 Kcal/mol. The next compound is 4-({4,6-Bis[3R,5S)-3,5-diamino-1-piperydinyl]-1,3,5-traizin-2-yl}amino) benzenosulfon amide which has the highest inhibition in Chek1 with binding affinity energy of 9.7110 Kcal/mol, and the compound 4-(4-methoxy-phenylamino)-2,3-dihydro-1H-4a, 9-diaza-cyclopenta (b) fluorine-10-carbonitrile has the highest inhibition in the Bcl 2 navitoclax analog receptor with binding affinity energy of 8.4470 Kcal/mol
Component Analysis of Propolis from Papua New Guinea
Get PDFPropolis is an aggregate of functional components found in plant resins and has been reported to exhibit valuable biological activities. This study investigated the components and antioxidant activity of propolis from Papua New Guinea. In component analysis, seven known compounds, 6-deoxyhaplopinol (1), 5-formylguaiacol (2), trans-caffeic acid (3), cis-caffeic acid (4), trans-ferulic acid (5), trans-p-coumaric acid (6), and L-kaempferitrin (7), were isolated and identified from Papua New Guinean propolis. The structure of 1 was confirmed by comparing the 13C NMR chemical shifts of the isolated and synthesized compounds. Based on component analysis, Papua New Guinean propolis may be a new type of propolis. The EtOH extracts of Papua New Guinean propolis exhibited antioxidant activity comparable to that of Baccharis and Populus propolis. This study demonstrated the potential of Papua New Guinean propolis in human health maintenance
Potential of Conditioned Medium of hATMSCs in Aging Cells Model
Get PDFSkin aging is caused by the exposure cumulative of ultraviolet radiation, it leads reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in the skin. The conditioned medium of human Adipose Tissue-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells (hATMSCs) can scavenge free radicals and increase the survival rate of skin cells under oxidative stress. This study examined the protective effects of Conditioned Medium (CM) of hATMSCs in H2O2-induced human skin fibroblast cell line (BJ). The aging cells model using H2O2-induced BJ cells were added CM-hATMSCs in concentrations (0, 10, 30%) and incubated in various time, furthermore BJ cells induced by various H2O2 concentrations (0, 50, 100, 200 µM) incubated for 1 h. The anti-aging potential were measured including viability, ROS and collagen levels in BJ cells which treated CM-hATMSCs. The median inhibitory concentration (IC50) of H2O2 on BJ cells for 1 h incubation was 107.87 μM and 91.25 μM for 10 min incubation. CM-hATMSCs increased the viability on aging model cells. CM-hATMSCs concentration 30% increased the viability of H2O2 50, 100, 200 µM-induced BJ cells. CM-hATMSCs concentration 25% decreased ROS, increased collagen level in H2O2 50, 100, 200 µM-induced BJ cells. CM-hATMSCs increase the viability cells, collagen level and decrease ROS level in aging model cells
Leaf Litter Decomposition and Nutrient Release of Three Native Tree Species in a Drained Tropical Peatland in Riau, Indonesia
Get PDFThe decomposition and its nutrient release were the key ecological process that had a broad role in the forest ecosystem. This study aimed to investigate the leaf litter decomposition rate and its nutrient release of three native tree species of tropical peat swamp forest, namely Macaranga pruinosa, Macaranga gigantea, and Cratoxylum arborescens and one exotic species i.e Acacia crassicarpa. The decomposition and nutrient release were monitored in an experimental plot using litter bag technique. The initial litter quality of each litter and micro-environment properties were also observed. The result showed that the decomposition and its nutrient release were insignificantly different among native tree species and also between native species and Acacia crasssicarpa. The litter decomposition of all tree species was slow; with the range of k was 0.98-1.19 year-1. However, the P and K release from the decomposition of native species litter after four months of incubation were quickly, ranging 70-74% and 88-93%. We were suggested that the high of lignin content in the leaf litter (36-39%) was the main factor that made slow decomposition. These findings could be used as one of the tools in tree species selection for peat swamp forest rehabilitation
The Occurrences of Heavy Metals in Water, Sediment and Wild Shrimps Caught from Barito Estuary, South Kalimantan, Indonesia
Get PDFThe research investigated the occurrences of heavy metal (Pb, Cu, and Cd) in waters, sediments, and wild shrimps collected from the Barito River estuary. Water and sediment samples were collected from 11 study sites by purposive sampling. At the same time, shrimps samples were captured around the sites. The study showed low levels of heavy metals in water samples; those were: Cd<0.0019 mg/L, Cu<0.001 mg/L, and Pb<0.0019 mg/L. Low levels of heavy metals were also detected in sediment samples, those were Cd <0.24 mg/kg, Cu <0.013-0.69 mg/kg, and Pb<0.024 mg/kg. Heavy metals contaminations were detected in Parapenaeopsis sculptilis, those were Cd = 2.802 mg/kg; Cu = 3.399 mg/kg, and Pb = 1.294 mg/kg. In Acetes japonicus, the heavy metals concentration were Cd = 2.127 mg./kg, Cu = 5.518 mg/ kg, and Pb = 2.723 mg/kg. In Penaeus merguiensi, the heavy metals concentrations were Cd = 8.598 mg/kg, Cu = 6.403 mg/kg, and Pb = 5.433 mg/kg. This study indicated the increases of heavy metals concentrations from water to sediment and finally into the shrimps. The presence of heavy metals in shrimps indicated the bioaccumulation of toxic metals, especially for Pb and Cd concentrations which exceeded the tolerable limit according to JECFA
Correlation of Heavy Metals Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Pb, and Zn with Intestinal Bacteria in Anas platyrhynchos L. Duck
Get PDFIntestinal bacterial species play an essential role in the duck body metabolism and productivity. They are affected by various factors, such as heavy metal contamination. This research aims to study metal emission levels and their correlation with the composition of intestinal bacteria. A total of twenty-five duck samples (Anas platyrhynchos L.) were obtained from Semarang, Temanggung, Magelang, Pati, and Salatiga. Five g of intestinal substances were employed in the isolation 16S rRNA gene V3-V4 region. Data sequence in fastqc format was then analyzed using QIIME. Also, the heavy metals in water, feed, and meat samples were analyzed using inductively coupled plasm-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The highest heavy metal contaminant was Hg, with a total concentration reaching 5.55±1.79 ppm of input and 4.42±0.80 ppm in meat. The bacterial composition comprises the four highest phyla, sequentially including Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, and Bacteriodetes. The relationship between heavy metals and intestinal bacteria shows a significant value with a coefficient of >0.90. Therefore, there was a correlation between heavy metals and intestinal bacteria composition, suggesting that bacteria are likely to protect ducks from the adverse effects of heavy metals in water and feed
Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activities of Fungal Endophytes Isolated from Medicinal Plants in Simeulue Island, Aceh
Get PDFNatural products from endophytic fungi have a wide range of medicinal applications, including antibacterial and antioxidant agents. The research aimed to evaluate the antibacterial and antioxidant activities of compounds derived from endophytic fungi isolated from medicinal plants collected from Simeulue Island by TLC dot-blot and microdilution assays. Eighty-one fungal extracts were screened for antibacterial and antioxidant activities. Antibacterial activity was evaluated against Gram-positive and negative bacteria, i.e., Staphylococcus aureus InaCC B-4 and Escherichia coli InaCC B-5, respectively. Antioxidant activity was carried out by using free radical scavenging of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). The results of the TLC bioassay revealed that the fungal extracts have activities as antibacterial and antioxidant are 65 (against S. aureus), 57 (against E. coli), and 48 extracts (DPPH free radical scavenger). Two extracts, Phomopsis sp. 48BtSi-2.1 and Xylaria sp. 55DnSi-1.1, showed strong antibacterial activity against S. aureus with MIC value of 32 μg/ml. Furthermore, nine extracts (Schizophyllum sp. 20DnSi-1; Hyphomycetes 36BhSi-1.1; Phomopsis sp. 36DnSi-2.1; Schizophyllum sp. 39DnSi-1.1; Xylaria sp. 39RpSi-2.1; Phomopsis sp. 41BtSi-1.1; Phomopsis sp. 48BtSi-2.1; Lasiodiplodia sp. 48BtSi-3.1; Schizophyllum sp. 50DnSi-3) were strong activity against E. coli with MIC value ranges from 32 to 64 μg/ml. One extract, Xylaria sp. 04BtSi-2.2 has strong antioxidant activity as DPPH free radical scavenger with an IC50 value of 21.66 μg/ml (AAI value of >1)
Isolation of Native Plant-Derived Exosome-like Nanoparticles and Their Uptake by Human Cells
Get PDFThe exosome is a nano-sized vesicular particle commonly secreted from eukaryotic cells to extracellular space. Exosome functions in cellular communication, nutrients or bioactive compounds delivery, and cellular immunity. It is believed that plant-derived exosome-like particle (PDEN) potential to deliver nano-bioactive compounds to the human body. As Indonesia is one of the herbal centers of the world, we are encouraged to develop natural richness for human welfare. The study aimed to verify various methods to isolate exosomes from the fresh ginger rhizome and quina cells and examine the ginger PDENs\u27 capacity to internalize in vitro human cells. The PDENs isolation was carried out by centrifugation and precipitation. The particles were observed through a transmission electron microscope, dynamic light scattering, and particle size analysis. Differential ultracentrifugation combined with PEG6000 provided a better size range of particles. Nanoparticles tracking analysis performed the concentration of particles within a specific size range. Ginger and quina PDENs size ranged from 40-650 nm, and the concentration was 3.6 × 107 and 2.8 × 106, respectively. The PKH67-labelled ginger PDENs were taken up by human dermal fibroblast and human Wharton\u27s jelly mesenchymal stem cells after 30 minutes and 21 hours. DPPH assays revealed that ginger PDENs have antioxidant activity, indicating the presence of some nano-molecules in those particles. This study would be the baseline for developing ginger PDENs as a functional food with nano-ingredients, or as an effective vehicle of nano-drug, for human health