HAYATI Journal of Biosciences
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Potential Probiotic Yeasts of the Pichia Genus Isolated from ‘Dadih’, a Traditional Fermented Food of West Sumatra, Indonesia
Get PDFFermented buffalo milk, known as dadih, serves as a reservoir of potential probiotic yeasts. Over the past two decades, probiotic yeasts have gained increasing attention in both basic and clinical sciences due to their health benefits. This study aimed to isolate and characterize probiotic yeasts from dadih. Yeasts were isolated using yeast Extract, peptone, and dextrose (YPD) medium, and molecularly identified through 18S-rRNA sequencing. Probiotic potential was assessed by evaluating resistance to acidic pH, bile salts, proteolytic, lipolytic, and hemolytic activities. Secondary metabolites produced during fermentation were tested for antimicrobial properties. GBT30 and GBT37 isolates were selected based on their superior performance in probiotic property assays for further analysis. Molecular identification revealed these isolates as Pichia occidentalis (GBT30) and Pichia kudriavzevii (GBT37). Both strains demonstrated in vitro survivability under simulated gastrointestinal conditions and exhibited antimicrobial activity. Whole-genome sequencing of P. kudriavzevii GBT37 identified a genome size of 10,906,850 base pairs, distributed across four chromosomes with a GC content of 38.26%. Notably, secondary metabolite biosynthesis genes were located on contig 7. In addition, 26 probiotic-related genes, including GSY1, HSC82, HSP104, TPS1, ARN1, FLO1, ALA1, SIR2, and others, were identified in P. kudriavzevii GBT37, indicating its potential as a probiotic yeast. The traditional fermentation process of dadih offers probiotic yeasts with promising health benefits, supporting its potential as a functional food
Optimization of Protease Activity of Endophytic Bacteria EUA-136 and EUA-139 from Bruguiera gymnorrhiza Using Response Surface Methodology
Get PDFProtease is a vital enzyme used in industries such as detergents, pharmaceuticals, and animal feed, with a growing demand in the enzyme market. Endophytic microorganisms can produce stable proteases with a rapid synthesis process. This study optimized conditions of temperature, pH, salinity, agitation, and nutrient sources for protease production by EUA-136 and EUA-139 bacterial isolates. The research used Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with a Central Composite Design (CCD) in Design Expert Software 13.1 to identify optimal conditions and the bacterial isolates. The optimum conditions for the EUA-136 bacterial isolate to produce protease were 3% inoculum at 30 ºC, pH 7, 28.5 ppt salinity, and 150 rpm agitation. For the EUA-139 bacterial isolate, the optimum conditions were a carbon source of 1% (v/v) maltose, a nitrogen source of 1% (v/v) KNO3, casein as the inducer, and an inoculum concentration of 7.5% (v/v). Molecular identification of isolates EUA-136 and EUA-139 revealed similarities to Bacillus cereus strain 3TC-3 and Bacillus paramycoides 3665, respectively
Ecological Impact on Stingless Bees: Evaluating Pollen Load and Body Size Post-Introduction
Get PDFChanges in foraging behavior of stingless bees are caused by their introduction to new environments with varying biotic and abiotic factors. These bees struggle to adapt due to the shift from their original range. Biotic factors, particularly food source abundance, are crucial for their survival. Limited resources and reduced competition can decrease hive pollen, affecting larval nutrition and adult morphological growth. This study examines the physical effects of introducing stingless bees from Sulawesi to Jawa, Indonesia, using PCA to analyze 35 morphological traits and a haemocytometer to calculate pollen load. Morphometry was performed on ten separate colonies and ten different individual worker bees. Research findings indicate that the most significant size changes were observed in the forewing and hindwing lengths of worker bees at the introduction site. The smaller body size in the new environment indicates less available food in the nest. The lower pollen collection in the new environment compared to their natural habitat confirms this. The decline in pollen load is attributed to biotic factors like competition and food availability. When stingless bees become non-native, they face competition with existing species, including natives. Abiotic factors do not significantly influence the reduction in worker bees\u27 foraging activity in the new environment. Changes in environmental factors significantly influenced the morphometric measurements of worker bees, following their introduction to lowland areas
Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Activity of Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Nees Extract via Inhibition of Spike-mediated Syncytia Formation in HEK293T Cell Model
Get PDFThe resurgence of COVID-19 endemic cases at the end of 2023 has underscored the need for effective treatments. Some severe cases of COVID-19 are often characterized by the formation of multinucleated syncytial pneumocytes in the lungs. Therefore, our study aimed to explore the potential of Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f) Nees as an antivirus against SARS-CoV-2, which involves syncitia formation. We utilized the non-toxic concentrations of A. paniculata extract on HEK293T cells determined by MTT assay, which were 1 μg/ml (cell viability 97.96%) and 10 μg/ml (cell viability 95.24%) for further assays. First, we conducted a pseudovirus cellular entry assay as a model of SARS-CoV-2 infection in HEK293T cells expressing hACE2/TMPRSS2. The HEK293T cells were co-transfected with plasmids expressing hACE2 and TMPRSS2, then infected with pseudotyped spike*∆G-GFP rVSV with or without A. paniculata extract. The internalized pseudovirus would trigger GFP expression as a reporter of the infected cells. Next, we performed a syncytia assay by transfecting HEK293T cells with hACE2, TMPRSS2, and SARS-CoV-2 spike expression vectors to induce syncytia formation as a model of intercellular viral transmission. As the results, 10 μg/mL of the extract significantly lowered the number of SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus-infected cells by 54.69% (P = 0.02) and spike-mediated syncytia formation by 42.39% (P<0.001). In conclusion, our results suggested that A. paniculata has a potential antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 by hindering virus infection and cell-to-cell transmission
A Kinetic Approach for Employing Two Duckweed Species, Lemna minor, and Spirodela polyrhiza, in the Sustainable Aquaculture Wastewater Treatment and Fish Feed Production
Get PDFDuckweed, a widely used natural fish feed, has also become more popular as the phytoremediation agent for wastewater, including one sourced from aquaculture. These two features indicate that duckweed can be utilized in a sustainable aquaculture system by treating and reclaiming nutrients from wastewater and then harvesting them for fish feed production. Hence, this study attempted to assess the approach of the two most known duckweed species, i.e., Lemna minor and Spirodela polyrhiza, in depleting NH4 and PO4 from synthetic controlled aquaculture wastewater as well as to understand their yield based on the N : P ratio. Cultivation in synthetic aquaculture wastewater media was carried out, followed by nutrient uptake and growth analysis. According to statistical analysis, both L. minor and S. polyrhiza could remove NH4 and PO4 with a relatively equal rate (p-val > 0.050). Nonetheless, both duckweed species absorb nitrogen more easily than phosphorous (p-val < 0.050). Considering the yield based on nutrient uptake, NH4 drove a more efficient yield for L. minor to S. polyrhiza at 16.70 g dry biomass/g NH4 and 14.14 g dry biomass/g NH4, respectively. Meanwhile, a higher yield was observed on S. polyrhiza than on L. minor regarding PO4 concentration, at 19.31 g dry biomass/g PO4 and 9.10 g dry biomass/g PO4, respectively. Therefore, a strategy to remove nutrients and produce biomass for fish feed can be formulated based on the N : P concentration ratio, where L. minor tends to produce biomass more rapidly in a higher N : P ratio, whereas S. polyrhiza works in the opposite
Antibacterial, Antioxidant, and Cytotoxic Properties of Eclipta prostrata Extracts
Get PDFEclipta prostrata is traditionally used in Asian medicine to treat skin diseases. Given the side effects and bacterial resistance of conventional treatments, especially in aging populations, alternative therapies are needed. This study assesses the antibacterial, antioxidant, and cytotoxic properties of E. prostrata extracts, focusing on optimizing extraction and fractionation methods for better efficacy. Dried whole plants were extracted with ethanol. Antibacterial activity was tested against Staphylococcus aureus, MRSA, S. epidermidis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa using broth microdilution to determine minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC). Antioxidant activity was assessed using a DPPH radical scavenging assay, and cytotoxicity was tested in Vero cells using an MTT assay. The MIC values for crude ethanol extracts ranged from 1.56 to 3.12 mg/ml, and from 0.78 to 1.56 mg/ml for fractionated compounds, indicating increased antibacterial efficacy in fractionated compounds. Antioxidant assays showed an IC50 of 0.666 mg/ml for crude extracts and 0.174 mg/ml for fractionated compounds, indicating higher antioxidant activity. Total phenolic content was 23.25±2.03 mg GAE/g for crude extracts and 95.56±1.09 mg GAE/g for fractionated compounds. Cytotoxicity assays showed IC50 values of 0.10±0.02 mg/ml for crude extracts and 0.06±0.01 mg/ml for fractionated compounds. This study advances extraction and fractionation methods, yielding extracts with significantly increased antibacterial and antioxidant properties. E. prostrata extracts, particularly fractionated compounds, show promising therapeutic potential, though high cytotoxicity in some fractions requires further investigation. These findings support the potential of E. prostrata in modern pharmaceutical formulations for treating skin conditions, especially those associated with aging
Evaluation of Hursitism for Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Women At Al- Ramadi City
Get PDFThe hyper-androgen and huritism in face and body in women is important diseases. It can be used as a possible marker in patients with ovary polycystic syndrome (PCOS). This study was carried out to evaluate DHEA and Testosterone levels associated with huritism and PCOS was studied in serum samples from pregnant, and non-pregnant patients and controls attending clinic Specialized. The study included 38 samples divided into three groups: 21 patients subjects, 6 pregnant women, 15 non-pregnant women with PCOS syndrome, and 17 normal subjects as control of the same age group. The target was selecting pregnant women due to changes in hormonal levels and physiological changes, as well as comparing them with non-pregnant women and control samples. The level of DHEAS was considerably higher in the median among pregnant women than in the control group and between non-pregnant and control groups without statistically significant differences between pregnant and non-pregnant values. Similarly, testosterone shows a statistically significant higher median among pregnant than control and also between non-pregnant and control groups without statistically significant difference between pregnant and non-pregnant values. In conclusion, this study detected a significant increase in testosterone and DHEA in non-pregnant women and then followed by pregnant women compared to the control, and age and the rise of these hormones are factors that cause the appearance of thick hair and thus cause polycystic ovary, which may lead to infertility
The Effectiveness of Insectary Plant that Attracts and Sustains Beneficial Arthropods to Control Spodoptera frugiperda J.E Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Maize
Get PDFSpodoptera frugiperda J.E. Smith, or fall armyworm (FAW), is a significant pest in maize plants and can reduce crop yields. Synthetic insecticides are still used to control S. frugiperda, but their use harms the environment and non-target organisms and can cause pests to become resistant. For this reason, alternative environmentally friendly technologies are needed, such as habitat management by planting insectary plants. This research aims to evaluate the potential of insectary plants to attract beneficial arthropods to suppress the S. frugiperda population and minimize the damage caused. This research activity was carried out using field research. The treatment in this research was the type of insectary plant used, and as a comparison, observations were made on land managed by farmers. The research results show that habitat management by planting insectary plants can increase the population of beneficial arthropods such as Coccinellidae, Formicidae, Miridae, Staphylinidae, and Araneidae. Increasing the population of beneficial arthropods can suppress the population of S. frugiperda so that its damage decreases and yields increase. These results show that planting insectary plants has the potential to prevent outbreaks of S. frugiperda, which can be combined with the application of other environmentally friendly technologies
Characterization of Antibacterial Compounds from Marine Sponge-associated Streptomyces spp. against Some Pathogenic Bacteria
Get PDFThe increasing trend of antibiotic resistance among pathogenic bacteria is a worldwide problem. Streptomyces produce a number of bioactive compounds such as antibacterial. This study aimed to investigate the effect of different media and incubation time in increasing the antibacterial activity of marine sponge-associated Streptomyces spp. and characterize antibacterial compounds of marine sponge-associated Streptomyces spp. against pathogenic bacteria. Among the three tested media and some days of incubation times, Streptomyces spp. produce more antibacterial activity when grown using modified molasses medium at 15 days incubation. The ethyl acetate extracts of Dbi28t exhibited a significant inhibitory zone against Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli, Providencia rettgeri then followed by Proteus mirabilis and Pseudomonas putida and the results were higher than some commercial antibiotics. This study has identified nine antibacterial compounds in Dbi28t using Liquid Chromatography-tandem Mass Spectrometric (LC-MS/MS) analysis, with the most abundance belonging to pumilacidin A, then followed by pumilacidin B, surfactin B, surfactin A, phenazostatin B, chalcomycin B, neopyrrolomycin C, saquayamycin A and saphenamycin. This work provides the first report from a Streptomyces sp. Dbi28t produced pumilacidin, surfactin and other bioactive compounds with the modified molasses medium for optimization of characterization of its antibacterial compounds
The Potency of Centella asiatica Leaf Extract on VEGF Expression and Angiogenesis in Second-Degree Burn Wound in Mice
Get PDFBurn injuries present a significant global health challenge, with the highest incidence rates reported in Southeast Asia, including Indonesia. Healing burn wounds is a complex and dynamic process involving various cellular and molecular mechanisms, prominently featuring the role of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) in tissue regeneration and wound repair. VEGF is crucial for inducing and regulating angiogenesis and supplying oxygen and nutrients to the healing tissue. This study aims to evaluate the potential of pegagan (Centella asiatica) leaf extract cream 1%, 3%, and 5% daily for 14 days in enhancing VEGF expression and angiogenesis in second-degree burn wounds in mice (Mus musculus). This study investigates the application of C. asiatica extract cream on second-degree burn wounds in mice, comparing its effects on VEGF protein expression and angiogenesis to those of base cream and silver sulfadiazine cream, with outcomes evaluated using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining methods. Our findings suggest that C. asiatica extract cream promotes reduced burn wound size, significant upregulated VEGF expression, and enhanced angiogenesis in treating burn wounds compared to positive control, with a 5% dose having the best result. The study concludes that C. asiatica extract cream may effectively treat burn wound healing through enhancing VEGF expression and angiogenesis