HAYATI Journal of Biosciences
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Molecular Characterization of Anisakis spp.: Potential Source of Fish-borne Zoonosis in Coastal Living Environment in Semarang, Indonesia
No full textAnisakis spp. are marine nematodes known to cause anisakiasis, a zoonotic disease transmitted through fish consumption with diverse clinical manifestations. In Indonesia, a country with extensive marine biodiversity and high fish consumption, data on anisakiasis remain limited. This study aimed to characterize the Anisakis spp. from the most significant commercial fish market in Semarang, Indonesia. A total of 17 Rastrelliger sp. were sampled. PCR amplification targeting the mitochondrial COX2 gene was used to identify the species of Anisakis spp. molecularly. Phylogenetic relationships, nucleotide diversity, and neutrality indices were assessed. The haplotype structures were visualized using the Haplotype Network. Subsequently, 7 of 17 (41.17%) Rastrelliger sp. samples were infected with A. typica. Molecular analysis revealed two species, A. typica and H. amoyense, with high haplotype diversity (1.00±0.016, diversity±SD). Phylogenetic analysis revealed two major clades: A. typica (Semarang and Southern Makassar) and H. amoyense (Semarang, China, and Bangladesh), with both species indicating high genetic connectivity. Neutrality indices suggested purifying selection and population expansion for both species (dN-dS = -5.017). These findings highlight the genetic variability and zoonotic potential of Anisakis spp. in the commercial fish market, emphasizing the need for surveillance of fish-borne parasitic infections in Indonesia
Body Size and Nutritional Status of Children Aged 6-12 Years in Jungkat Village, Jongkat District, Mempawah Regency
Get PDFThe significant impact of stunting in early childhood affects both physical growth and cognitive development. The prevalence of stunting in Jungkat Village highlights the importance of monitoring growth and development during mid-childhood (ages 6-12), as it is a critical period for cognitive, social, and physical development. The study aims to provide insights into the effectiveness of interventions in addressing stunting by describing the body size and nutritional status of children aged 6-12 in Jungkat Village. A cross-sectional method was employed in four primary schools in Jongkat District. Anthropometric measurements of body height and body weight were used to calculate nutritional status indices, including the body height-to-age index and body mass index. In Jungkat Village, children aged 6-12 show varied growth patterns, including high rates of stunting and obesity, with some stunted children maintaining normal BMI for age, indicating complex interactions between nutrition and growth. In addition, there is no significant sexual dimorphism in growth patterns at this age, but differences in weight are evident, with boys generally heavier after age 7. Environmental, socioeconomic, and behavioral factors may significantly influence these patterns, underscoring the need for integrated health and nutrition interventions that target maternal and early childhood support
Marine Actinobacteria amo.128 Isolated from Seribu Island: Antibacterial, Antibiofilm and Molecular Docking as Quorum Sensing Inhibitors
Get PDFThe prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria is increasing every year in Indonesia. This resistance occurs in several antimicrobial categories. A contributing factor to microbial resistance is the capacity of microbes to develop biofilms. Amo.128 is an actinomycete from the Laboratory Biotechnology, BRIN Serpong collection, which is expected to have both antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity. This study aimed to identify amo.128 macroscopically, microscopically, and molecularly; to determine the antibacterial and antibiofilm activity; to identify secondary metabolites; and to understand the mechanism of quorum sensing inhibition by in silico with proteins targeting SdiA and AgrA. Based on macroscopic and microscopic observations, the amo.128 isolate belongs to the genus Streptomyces. Phylogenetic analysis of the amo.128 isolate is 100% similar to Streptomyces parvus strain NBRC 14599. The amo.128 metabolite contains several compounds, including N-acetyltyramine, cyclophenylalanylprolyl/cFP, and the pyrrole-pyrazine group. The MIC/MBC/MIC50 value of the amo.128 metabolite against Staphylococcus aureus is 25/50/28.48 ppm, while for Escherichia coli it is 100/200/49.38 ppm. The amo.128 metabolite reduced biofilms formed by S. aureus and E. coli with BRC50 values of 62.07 ppm and 60.44 ppm, respectively. The amo.128 metabolite compound, cyclophenylalanylprolyl/cFP, has potential activity as a quorum-sensing inhibitor
The Ureolytic Soil Bacteria Bacillus albus, a potential Agent for Biocement
Get PDFConcrete is a common building material and is very vulnerable to cracking caused by unstable temperature/humidity. Concrete crack repair can be done by using microorganism substitution that can produce CaCO3 (calcite) compounds that can be used as an environmentally friendly method in improving structural formation and increasing the strength and durability of concrete, one of which is using ureolytic bacteria. This study aimed to isolate and characterize ureolytic bacteria isolates and then to assess the calcite precipitation potential of ureolytic bacteria isolates from landfills. The ureolytic bacterial isolates were grown on NB-U/Ca and tap water medium. Analysis of Calcite Structure using Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR), and molecular identification using 16S rRNA gene sequences. Bacterial isolate SP. 48 were able to grow and produce calcite in both media, especially in tap water medium. FTIR results showed that the precipitates produced by bacterial isolates on both mediums had strong absorption peaks, which were detected to be calcite. Molecular identification using the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that the isolate is Bacillus albus. B. albus is a proteolytic bacterium collected from landfills that was proven to be a calcite-producing bacterium, a new finding in this study. B. albus can grow and produce calcite in a tap water medium with low pH. This finding can be used as an alternative to overcome concrete cracks and increase the strength and durability of concrete. This bacterial isolate could be developed as a biocement candidate
Antibacterial, Antifungal, Antioxidant, and Photoprotective Analysis of Mangrove Extracts as Additives Ingredients in a Cosmetic Cream
Get PDFMangroves are a rich source of natural antioxidant compounds that can inhibit and reduce tissue damage caused by free radical activity. Currently, cosmetic creams are widely recommended for maintaining skin health and aesthetics, especially in protecting against the harmful effects of free radicals. This study applied mangrove extract as an additive ingredient in a cosmetic cream, serving as an antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, and photoprotective agent. Mangrove samples were collected from the mangrove ecosystem in Tapak Village, Semarang, Indonesia. Three mangrove species were evaluated for their bioactivity, and the species with the highest bioactivity was selected for use in the cream formulation. Antibacterial and antifungal activities were tested using the disc diffusion method, antioxidant activity was assessed using the DPPH method, and photoprotective activity was determined using UV spectrophotometry, with analysis based on the Mansur mathematical equation. The cream was evaluated for its characteristics, including spreadability, homogeneity, sensory properties, pH, sun protection factor (SPF), phytochemical content, stability, and microbial contamination. An in vivo was conducted to assess the cream’s effectiveness on white mice. Results indicated that Avicennia marina leaf extract exhibited the highest bioactivity compared to the other two species, Rhizophora mucronata and Bruguiera gymnorrhiza. Consequently, A. marina leaf extract was selected as the active additive ingredient in the cream formulation. Characterization tests demonstrated that the cream was stable and met standard criteria for quality. The in vivo analysis revealed that the mangrove leaf extract cream significantly prevented epidermal thinning, reduced neutrophil counts, and preserved fibroblast numbers
Feasibility of Probiotic Lactobacillus casei FNCC 0090 to Improve Growth and Immune Response of Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) toward Aeromonas hydrophila Infection
Get PDFAeromonas hydrophila can cause motile Aeromonas septicemia, leading to high mortality in catfish. An effective alternative to treat this bacterial infection is administering the probiotic Lactobacillus casei FNCC 0090. However, proper fisheries management is crucial for long-term success. The aim of this research is to determine the effect of administering the probiotic L. casei FNCC 0090 on the growth parameters and immune system of catfish. 200 catfish were divided into 5 different treatments in 5 replicates. The treatments were KN (negative control: without probiotic and infected), KP (positive control: without probiotic and not infected), A (5% probiotic and infected), B (10% probiotic and infected), C (probiotic 15% and infected). The density of probiotics administered is 108 CFU/ml. The fish were kept for 42 days; on the 35th day, the fish were infected with 1 x 108 CFU/ml A. hydrophila intramuscularly. The parameters observed in this study are fish growth (specific growth rate, SGR; feed conversion ratio, FCR; and survival rate, SR) and the immune system (phagocytic activity and the amount of lysozyme enzyme). The data obtained were analyzed with SPSS One Way ANOVA. The results showed that the administration of 15% probiotic L. casei FNCC 0090 had a significant effect on the growth parameters and immune system
Exhaustive Extraction of Bioactive Components from Sargassum cristaefolium Brown Seaweed: Antioxidant Potential and Bioactivity
Get PDFBioactive components are essential ingredients of functional foods, supplements, pharmaceuticals, etc. Sargassum cristaefolium brown seaweed, as an Indonesian marine resource, provides promising bioactive components. The present study was to extract the total bioactive components of S. cristaefolium with a microwave instrument. The extraction method was done serially using different polarity solvents (1st-stage: non-polar, 2nd-stage: semi-polar, Final-stage: polar). Yielded extracts were analyzed for bioactive compounds, functional groups, total phenolic and flavonoid, and antioxidative activities. The results showed that all staged extractions obtained bioactive compounds with various characteristics. However, the 2nd-stage extract was superior, and it exhibited the highest total phenolic and flavonoid (17.53±0.78 mg GAE/g, 72.64±3.01 mg QE/g), the richest volatile bioactive compounds (neophytadiene and phytol were dominant), and the predominant bioactive compound of antioxidative (oleoylethanolamide). Their functional groups confirmed the structure of antioxidative phenolic molecules: C―C stretching skeleton (phenyl/aromatic core), C―H stretching, C―H bending, and O―H stretching. The strongest primary (1439.84±63.02 µg/ml) and secondary (389.73±16.71 µg/ml) antioxidant activities were presented by the 2nd-stage extract. The efficiency of MAE and the potential of S. cristaefolium were promising for developing functional foods and pharmaceuticals that relate to antioxidants in the future
The Role of Biofilm on Microplastics as A Vector for Heavy Metals in the Waters of Sendang Biru, Malang Regency
Get PDFMicroplastic contamination in water provides an ideal surface for biofilm formation. It facilitates other pollutants, such as heavy metals, to attach to their surface. This interaction leads to biological and environmental problems. We tested this phenomenon by investigating the presence of microplastics in water, biofilms on surfaces, and heavy metal accumulation during September 2024. It further examines the relationship between microplastic and their contamination in fish. Samples were collected from two stations, namely Kondang Buntung Fish Auction Place (TPI) and the Indonesian Navy Post, water from Sendang Biru, using a purposive sampling method. A total of 20 liters of water and 6 Banyar fish (Rastrelliger kanagurta) specimens were analyzed. In contrast, biofilm morphology and heavy metal content were analyzed using Scanning Electron Microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray. The result found that fibre-shaped microplastics, with fragments and filaments, dominated water samples. Microplastics 1-5 mm in size show that their colors included black, blue, red, and transparent. Five biofilm morphologies on the microplastic surfaces were identified: platelet, thin film, solid film, sporous, and diatoms. Heavy metals (Pb, Hg, Cd, Al, Mg, Fe) were detected with weight percentages ranging from 0.473 to 2.533%. Microplastics are found in the digestive tracts of fish, predominantly microplastic as filaments followed by fragments and fibers. We found that biofilm-coated microplastics accumulate heavy metals, posing a risk of pollutant transfer to aquatic organisms
Antiplasmodial Activity, Cytotoxicity, and Active Compounds Analysis of Active Fraction of Harmsiopanax aculeatus Leaves from Maluku, Indonesia
Get PDFThe leaves of the H. aculeatus plant are known as a traditional antimalarial medicinal plant in Maluku. Several studies have reported on the leaf activity of this plant, but studies on in vitro and in vivo antiplasmodial activity and the compounds in the active fraction (F7) of H.aculeatus leaf have not been reported. This study aims to determine the antiplasmodial activity of the F7 of H. aculeatus leaves and to analyze the compounds contained therein. In vitro, antiplasmodial activity was tested on Plasmodium falciparum strain FCR3 using a microscopic method. A cytotoxicity test was performed on Vero cells using an MTT assay. In vivo, the antiplasmodial activity of F7 was carried out using the 4-day suppressive test method by treating Swiss mice infected with P. berghei. Analysis of the compounds in an F7 was done using spray reagent and UV Vis DAD and HPLC DAD-MS with a UV detector. The results showed that the F7 was very active in vitro (IC50 of 0.7 µg.ml-1) and in vivo (ED50 of 2.49 mg.kg BW-1.d-1) also selectively (SI of 8159.94) inhibited the growth of Plasmodium. The F7 contains a group of essential oils, triterpenoids, phenolic compounds, and flavonoids after being analyzed using spray reagents. Based on the analysis results, five compounds were identified: fomoxanthone, cyclopentene, microspherone, indole 3-carbaldehyde, and naamine. In addition, seven compounds were not identified
Genetic External Characteristics of Tukong: Indonesian Rumpless Indigenous Chicken
Get PDFTukong chicken, also known as rumpless chicken due to the absence of a tailbone, is one of the indigenous chicken breeds in Indonesia currently at risk of extinction. Due to its scarcity, genetic information on the Tukong chicken remains limited, and its potential has not been fully explored. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the genetic external characteristics of the Tukong chickens. Data were collected from 205 chickens (52 males; 153 females) raised in Landak and Bengkayang Regency, West Kalimantan. The varieties are based on feather color, plumage color, feather pattern, feather flicker, comb shape, and shank color. The data were used to analyze the rate of the original gene, the frequency of autosomal genes, sex-linked genes, feather pattern, introgression rate, gene frequency, and expected heterozygosity. The majority of the Tukong chickens had colored feathers (88.78%), columbian feather type (47.80%), plain feather pattern (61.46%), silver feather flicker (54.63%), yellow-white shank (62.44%), and pea comb (77.07%), which were controlled by ii, ee, bb, SS, IdId, and P_ genes, respectively. The introgression rate from exotic breeds into Tukong chicken is 53.2%, with the original gene at 46.8%, while the average expected heterozygosity was 0.416±0.025, indicating a high level of genetic diversity of the traits. This observed variation in qualitative morphological characteristics might benefit both the conservation and utilization of the Tukong chicken