JURNAL AGROTEKNOLOGI
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Challenges in physical layer security for visible light communication systems
No full textThis article highlights challenges associated with securing visible light communication (VLC) systems by using physical layer security (PLS) techniques. Motivated by the achievements in PLS studies for radio frequency (RF) communication, many PLS techniques for VLC systems were also rigorously investigated by tailoring the RF techniques to the VLC environment. However, careful consideration of the inherent differences between RF and VLC systems is still needed. By disregarding these differences, an eavesdropper could be given an opportunity to wiretap the VLC systems, even when PLS techniques are employed to protect them. Crucially, the fact that it is often not possible to know the number and locations of eavesdroppers in real VLC systems may allow eavesdroppers to devise various cooperative eavesdropping methods. By examining a few examples of the possible eavesdropper threats that can occur in VLC systems, this article offers novel insights into the vulnerabilities of state-of-the-art PLS schemes for VLC systems. Although the focus of the paper is mostly on these weaknesses, some potential solutions are also briefly proposed with a view to stimulating discourse in the community
BROKENWIRE: Wireless disruption of CCS electric vehicle charging
No full textWe present a novel attack against the Combined Charging System, one of the most widely used DC rapid charging
technologies for electric vehicles (EVs). Our attack, BROKENWIRE, interrupts necessary control communication between
the vehicle and charger, causing charging sessions to abort.
The attack can be conducted wirelessly from a distance, allowing individual vehicles or entire fleets to be disrupted stealthily
and simultaneously. In addition, it can be mounted with offthe-shelf radio hardware and minimal technical knowledge.
The exploited behavior is a required part of the HomePlug
Green PHY, DIN 70121 & ISO 15118 standards and all known
implementations exhibit it.
We first study the attack in a controlled testbed and then
demonstrate it against seven vehicles and 18 chargers in real
deployments. We find the attack to be successful in the real
world, at ranges up to 47 m, for a power budget of less than
1 W. We further show that the attack can work between the
floors of a building (e.g., multi-story parking), through perimeter fences, and from ‘drive-by’ attacks. We present a heuristic
model to estimate the number of vehicles that can be attacked
simultaneously for a given output power.
BROKENWIRE has immediate implications for many of
the around 12 million battery EVs on the roads worldwide —
and profound effects on the new wave of electrification for
vehicle fleets, both for private enterprise and crucial public
services. As such, we conducted a disclosure to the industry
and discussed a range of mitigation techniques that could be
deployed to limit the impact
RANCANGAN SISTEM PENGENDALI SUHU DAN KELEMBABAN BERBASIS MIKROKONTROLER PADA RUANG PERTUMBUHAN FODDER (FODDER GROWTH CHAMBER)
Get PDFThe availability of green feedstock for sheep is difficult to find during a dry season. To resolve this problem, seed seedlings such as sorghum and corn are known as green fodder is needed. In order to maintain seedling productivity, fodder planting is carried out in a chamber to control temperature, humidity, and light regulators. The objective of this study was to design a fodder growth chamber for providing sheep feed. The chamber is 4×3×3 m (l×w×h) which is equipped with a tray rack, evaporative cooler, humidifier, exhaust fan, and LED strip. A controller unit was employed to maintain temperature and humidity. The controller is based on a microcontroller that is programmed using BASCOM AVR. The controller unit was tested to maintain the temperature within the range of 35-45oC and humidity within 55-75%. It resulted a graph that indicated that temperature has fluctuated between desired range as well as humidity. Corn seeds were grown on the tray (700 g per tray) for 10 days and produced 1500 g per tray.
Keywords: animal feed, automatic control, fodder microcontrolle
ANALISIS NILAI TAMBAH PENGOLAHAN BIJI KOPI ARABIKA (STUDI KASUS: RUMAH KOPI BANJARSENGON, JEMBER)
Get PDFThis study aims to analyze the value-added of Arabica coffee beans produced from three coffee processing methods, namely fully washed, honey, and natural. The calculation of value-added uses the Hayami method, while the design of recommendations for increasing value-added uses the ISM method which is integrated with the Pugh method. This research is a case study at the Rumah Kopi Banjarsengon which is one of the coffee processing SMEs in Jember Regency. The results showed that there were differences in the amount of value-added resulting from the use of three different processing methods. The highest value-added was produced in the natural processing of Rp. 10,158/kg (54.40%), followed by fully washed processing of Rp. 9,380/kg (52.58%), and honey processing of Rp. 9,709/kg (52.96%). The results of the value-added analysis can provide guidance for companies to determine production priorities. To increase the value-added in Arabica coffee bean processing, the recommendation of strategies can be done is by controlling production facilities and controlling the quality of the workforce.
Keywords: coffee processing methods, green bean coffee, Rumah Kopi Banjarsengon, value-adde
RESPON PEMBERIAN GIBERELIN TERHADAP KANDUNGAN FENOLIK DAN AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN PADA BUAH TANAMAN CIPLUKAN (Physalis angulata L.)
Get PDFCiplukan (Physalis angulata L.) is one of the plants from the class of herbal plants that is good to be developed because people are starting to choose herbal treatment. The content of ciplukan fruit is phenolic and flavonoid. Thus, technology for enlargement and increasing fruit content with the giberellin (GA3) hormone is needed. GA3 functions to stimulate the formation, development of fruit and increase the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. This study aimed to determine the influence of the GA3 hormone on the phenolic content and antioxidant activity in ciplukan fruit. The experimental design used RAL 5 treatments: GA3 concentrations of 0 ppm (P0), 15 ppm (P1), 20 ppm (P2), 25 ppm (P3), and 30 ppm (P4). The parameters studied were the number of fruit, fruit size, fresh weight of fruit, total phenolic, total flavonoid, and antioxidant activity (DPPH method) in ciplukan fruit. The results showed that the concentration of 30 ppm (P4) of GA3 was showed the highest values on the number of fruits (33±3.53 g), fruit length (14.23±0.35 mm), width (12.87±0.39 mm), and fresh fruit weight (38.6±3.97 g) without calyx. The concentration of 30 ppm (P4) also affected the phenolic content (2.52±0.23 mgGAE/g), flavonoids (2.43±0.18 mgQE/g), and IC50 value of antioxidant activity (60.59 g/mL).
Keywords: antioxidant activity, ciplukan, flavonoid, giberellin, phenoli
A new cavernicolous assassin bug from the Canary Islands (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Emesinae: Collartidini)
No full textThe Canary Archipelago is home to two species of obligately cavernicolous assassin bugs of the genus Collartida Villiers, 1949 (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Reduviidae: Emesinae: Collartidini). These species are highly adapted for cave life, being blind and wingless. In the present study, we describe a new species of the genus, C. phantasma sp. nov. from the Federica mine in Gran Canaria. C. phantasma sp. nov. differs from the other two Collartida species found in the Canary Archipelago in that the male is fully winged, the female is wingless, and both sexes have well-developed eyes. We provide information regarding the new species’ habitat, its taxonomic affinities, and its ability to fly
REalist Synthesis Of non-pharmacologicaL interVEntions for antipsychotic-induced weight gain (RESOLVE) in people living with severe mental illness (SMI)
No full textBackground
People with severe mental illnesses (SMI) such as schizophrenia die on average 15 to 20 years earlier than everyone else. Two thirds of these deaths are from preventable physical illnesses such as hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes, which are worsened by weight gain. Antipsychotics are associated with significant weight gain. In REalist Synthesis Of non-pharmacologicaL interVEntions (RESOLVE), a realist synthesis, combining primary and secondary data, will be used to understand and explain how, why, for whom, and in what contexts non-pharmacological interventions can help service users to manage antipsychotic-induced weight gain.
Methods
A five-step approach will be used to develop guidance:
1. Developing the initial programme theory
An initial (candidate) programme theory, which sets out how and why outcomes occur within an intervention, will be developed.
2. Developing the search
The initial programme theory will be refined using academic and grey literature. The proposed initial sampling frame are as follows:
Context: people living with SMI, taking antipsychotics, different types of SMI.
Intervention: non-pharmacological interventions.
Mechanisms: triggered by the intervention.
Outcomes e.g. weight, metabolic adverse events, quality of life, adherence, burden, economic.
Searching for relevant documents will continue until sufficient data is found to conclude that the refined programme theory is coherent and plausible. Lived experience (service users) and stakeholder (practitioners) groups will provide feedback.
3. Selection, appraisal and data extraction
Documents will be screened against inclusion and exclusion criteria. The text extracted from these documents will be coded as contexts, mechanisms and their relationships to outcomes.
4. Primary data collection
Realist interviews with up to 30 service users and informal carers, and 20 practitioners will gather data to support, refute or refine the programme theory.
5. Data analysis
A realist logic of analysis will be used to develop and refine the programme theory from secondary and primary data. The analysis will aim to identify practical intervention strategies to change contexts so that key mechanisms are triggered to produce desired outcomes. Guidance will be produced based on these strategies.
Discussion
This realist synthesis aims to develop guidance for service users and practitioners on the most appropriate interventional strategies to manage and limit antipsychotic weight gain.
Systematic review registration
PROSPERO: CRD4202126869
Equivariant Lagrangian Floer homology via cotangent bundles of EGN
No full textWe provide a construction of equivariant Lagrangian Floer homology HFG(L0,L1), for a compact Lie group G acting on a symplectic manifold M in a Hamiltonian fashion, and a pair of G-Lagrangian submanifolds L0,L1⊂M.
We do so by using symplectic homotopy quotients involving cotangent bundles of an approximation of EG. Our construction relies on Wehrheim and Woodward's theory of quilts, and the telescope construction.
We show that these groups are independent in the auxilliary choices involved in their construction, and are H∗(BG)-bimodules. In the case when L0=L1, we show that their chain complex CFG(L0,L1) is homotopy equivalent to the equivariant Morse complex of L0.
Furthermore, if zero is a regular value of the moment map μ and if G acts freely on μ−1(0), we construct two "Kirwan morphisms" from CFG(L0,L1) to CF(L0/G,L1/G) (respectively from CF(L0/G,L1/G) to CFG(L0,L1)).
Our construction applies to the exact and monotone settings, as well as in the setting of the extended moduli space of flat SU(2)-connections of a Riemann surface, considered in Manolescu and Woodward's work. Applied to the latter setting, our construction provides an equivariant symplectic side for the Atiyah-Floer conjecture
In sickness and in health: the functional role of EVs in physiology and pathology in vivo Part II: Pathology
No full textIt is clear from Part I of this series that extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a critical role in maintaining the homeostasis of most, if not all, normal physiological systems. However, the majority of our knowledge about EV signalling has come from studying them in disease. Indeed, EVs have consistently been associated with propagating disease pathophysiology. The analysis of EVs in biofluids, obtained in the clinic, has been an essential of the work to improve our understanding of their role in disease. However, to interfere with EV signalling for therapeutic gain, a more fundamental understanding of the mechanisms by which they contribute to pathogenic processes is required. Only by discovering how the EV populations in different biofluids change—size, number, and physicochemical composition—in clinical samples, may we then begin to unravel their functional roles in translational models in vitro and in vivo, which can then feedback to the clinic. In Part II of this review series, the functional role of EVs in pathology and disease will be discussed, with a focus on in vivo evidence and their potential to be used as both biomarkers and points of therapeutic intervention
Proline synthesis through PYCR1 is required to support cancer cell proliferation and survival in oxygen-limiting conditions
No full textThe demands of cancer cell proliferation alongside an inadequate angiogenic response lead to insufficient oxygen availability in the tumor microenvironment. Within the mitochondria, oxygen is the major electron acceptor for NADH, with the result that the reducing potential produced through tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle activity and mitochondrial respiration are functionally linked. As the oxidizing activity of the TCA cycle is required for efficient synthesis of anabolic precursors, tumoral hypoxia could lead to a cessation of proliferation without another means of correcting the redox imbalance. We show that in hypoxic conditions, mitochondrial pyrroline 5-carboxylate reductase 1 (PYCR1) activity is increased, oxidizing NADH with the synthesis of proline as a by-product. We further show that PYCR1 activity is required for the successful maintenance of hypoxic regions by permitting continued TCA cycle activity, and that its loss leads to significantly increased hypoxia in vivo and in 3D culture, resulting in widespread cell death