Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kelautan Tropis
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CHARACTERIZATION OF CRUDE CELLULASE OF SEAGRASS ENDOPHYTIC FUNGUS
Get PDFIn this study, cellulase was produced by endophytic fungus isolated from seagrass. Substrate used for incubating the fungus was the waste of agar industry. The objectives of this study were to optimize cellulase production and to characterize the highest activity of fungal crude cellulase. In our previous study, the EN isolate (isolated from Enhalus sp.) showed the highest cellulolytic index. Therefore, in this research we focused on cellulase activity of the isolate. Cellulase activity was determined based on endoglucanase activity, total cellulase activity, and β-glucosidase activity. The highest activity was then used to determine cellulase activity in enzyme characterization. The fungus was cultured in different concentration of agar extraction algal wastes. The fungal culture was incubated for 3-21 days with 120 rpm orbital shaker. The results showed that endoglucanase activity was 0.019-0.031 U/mL, total cellulase activity was 0.007-0.013 U/mL, and β-glucosidase activity was 0.00012-0.00361 U/mL. The highest endoglucanase and total cellulase activity were obtained from the fungal culture after 9 days incubation, β-glucosidase was obtained from the fungal culture after 15 days incubation with 1.5% of algal waste as substrate. The optimum pH and temperature were determined as 4 and 60 oC, maximum reaction rate (Vmax) and Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) for endoglucanase activity was determined as 0.044 U/mL and 0.103% respectively. Keywords: algal waste, cellulase, endophytes, enzymes, seagras
COASTLINE CHANGES AT BUNGUS BAY PADANG CITY, WEST SUMATERA PROVINCE BASED ON SATELLITE IMAGERY ANALYSES
Get PDFThe Bungus Bay with 21,050 meters of coastline length and 1,383.86 ha of surface area confines with a rounded shape surface. This study aimed to determine coastline changes in the Bungus Bay based on overlay analyses of satellite imagery of 2000, 2006, 2010, and 2011. The method used in this research was visual interpretation using four key interpretation such as hue image, texture association, and shape. The results showed that in general there were abrasion processes in the Bungus Bay. The abrasion processes were more dominant in the Buo Bay, Kaluang Bay, and Kabuang Bay. The largest coastline changes occurred in the northern Bungus Bay for 26 m/yr, while in the Kaluang Bay and Kabuang Bay exhibited a moderate change of 9 m/yr. In general, the rate of coastline change in the Bungus Bay was 5.9 m/yr.Keywords: abration, accretion, coastline changes, Bungus Ba
ACOUSTIC DETECTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF MARINE SEDIMENT WITH SHALLOW SEISMIC TECHNOLOGY IN RAMBAT WATERS, BANGKA BELITUNG
Get PDFHigh resolution of marine seismic reflection seismic were used to detect the layers of seafloor sediment and to interpret the seismic data geologically. The objectives of this study weres to detect and to characterize the seafloor sediment in the Rambat area, West Bangka, Bangka Belitung. Acquisition data was held on 10-24 August 2012 located between 105.1°00\u2700" - 105.5°00\u2700 " N and 1.7°00\u2700"-1.9° 00\u2700" W. Several methods used to process the data were geometry processing, band pass filter, predictive deconvolution, and Autocoralation Gain Control (AGC) in order to reduce the multiple noise and to ease the data interpretation. Seismic cross section found in Cross Rambat (CRMBT) line 11 exhibited sedimentation process of the sea floor which rocky substrates. The process was assumed to be occurred due to legal and illegal mining activities for long period of time. Keywords: seismic, acoustic, sediment, band pass filter, deconvolution, nois
WATER MASSCHARACTERISTICS OFWEDA BAY,HALMAHERA ISLAND, NORTH MALUKU
Get PDFThe water quality parameters at 23 observation points in Weda Bay were collected using the Sea-Bird\u27s Conductivity Temperature and Depth (CTD) 911 and Dissolved Oxygen (DO) meter ARO-USB 66 during Weda Expedition in 13 – 23 March 2013 (transition monsoon) with research vessel Baruna Jaya VII. The main goal of this research was to identify characteristics of water masses in Weda Bay. The results showed that the thickness of mixed layer in Weda Bay was about 40 m with the average levels of temperature, salinity, and oxygen at about 29.2 °C, 34.0, and 7.0 mg/L, respectively. Within thermocline layers, it was observed that there was the water type of Southern Subtropical Lower Water (SSLW) identified by the presence of salinity maximum above 35.0 occupied between 25.7 and 24.5 sigma-theta (16,2 °C < < 20,5 °C). Furthermore, there were oxygen homogenous layers at 5.1 mg/L situated at between 26 and 24.7 sigma-theta (15°C < < 20°C). In addition, oxygen inversion was found at 0.15 mg/L in the layer of between 26.8 and 26.0 sigma-theta (10°C < < 15°C). In the intermediate layer (>500 m), the temperature and salinity tended to be constant at 7.8 °C and 34.7, controlled by the sill separating Halmahera sea and Western North Pacific Ocean (WNPO). These water mass characteristics revealed the strong influences from WNPO to Weda Bay. The water, driven by Indonesian throughflow (ITF), flowed into Halmahera Sea before turned into Weda Bay.Keywords: temperature, salinity, oxygen, SSLW, Weda ba
THE CONDITION AND DISTRIBUTION OF STONY CORALS (Scleractinia corals) IN BANGKA WATER
Get PDFBangka water is well known as the best tin producer in which there are many off-shore tin-mining activities conducted by both local people and tin companies. Such condition apparently brings negative impacts to marine life. Stony corals are considered as the major component of coral reef ecosystems whose condition is influenced by environmental condition. The aim of this study is to observe the general condition of coral reefs and the distribution of stony corals in Bangka Water. The study was carried out between September and November 2010 by taking 10 stations. The method used was LIT as long as 70 meters installed parallel to the coast line. The result indicates that generally the condition of coral reef was categorized as fair condition, the coral cover averaging at 47, 82 %. There were 89 species of stony corals found, divided into 13 genera. The most dominant species was Porites lutea , particularly at Station 6 by 33,3%. The prolonged turbidity mainly caused by tin-mining activities is thought to lead the coral reefs to critical condition particularly in some areas. Keywords: stony corals, coral cover, distribution, Bangka Water
VARIABILITY AND SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF TOTAL SCATTERING COEFFICIENTS OF SURFACE WATER IN VARIOUS SEASONS
Get PDFVariability and spatial distribution data of the total scattering coefficients ares useful in the development of bio-optical algorithms of ocean color satellite. The purpose of this study was to determine the variability and spatial distribution of the total scattering coefficient at 9 wavelengths (λ) in different seasons. Field data collection were conducted in the Northeastern Gulf of Mexico (NEGOM) of the spring , summer, and fall in 1999-2000 by using the ac-9 in-situ Spectrophotometer and restricted to coastal waters of 10 m isobath and offshore of 1000 m isobath. The data were filtered using the moving average method and tested with the Kruskal-Wallis. The results showed that the average value of the total scattering coefficients were significantly different among spring, summer, and fall. In general, the total scattering coefficients were relatively high, especially in the coastal waters near the mouth of the river each season and relatively low in offshore waters except during the summer that the total scattering coefficients were also relatively high in offshore watersdue to the intrusion of the Mississippi river flow toward offshore containing high nutrients that can promote the growth of phytoplankton in the offshore, suspended material and lower salinity jointly to increase the total scattering coefficients. Keywords: variability, spatial distribution, total scattering coefficient, bio-optic, NEGOM
SETTLEMENT ABILITY OF PEARL OYSTER (Pinctada maxima) LARVAE AT DIFFERENT POSITIONS AND DEPTHS COLLECTORS
Get PDFOne of the success factor in the cultivation of pearl oysters (Pinctada maxima) within laboratory scale of is the ability of the larvae to settle on the collector. Stocking collectors which are not on time with an irregular position could cause a decline in seed production. The research was conducted from 25 July to 27August 2011 at Laboratory of Marine Bio-industry Technical Implementatation Unit, Research Centre for Oceanography, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara (NTB). The aim of the study was to observe the attachment of larvae at different position and depth. Analysis of variance showed that larvae settlement was influenced by depth instead of position and the interaction between them. Real Honest Different Test showed that in the 20 cm depth was significantly different from 60 cm and 100 cm in number of larvae attached on the collector. The highest survival rate was in 20 cm depth with 68,98% (516 larvae) while in 60 cm was 17,11% (128 larvae) and 100 cm (9,22% (69 larvae), and the others were attached on the wall of the tank 4,68% (35 larvae). Keywords: settlement ability of pearl oyster’s larvae (Pinctada maxima), collector, dept
THE ABUNDANCE AND SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF PLANKTON COMMUNITIES IN BANGGAI ISLANDS WATERS
Get PDFBanggai Islands waters are mixing area between Banda Sea and Makassar Sea, thus resulting in the existence of many unique marine ecosystems. This conditon might also lead to the occurrence of unique and specific plankton community in the oceanic ecosystem of Banggai Islands. This research was conducted in 26 June to 8 July using Baruna VIII research vessel. Phytoplankton and zooplankton samples were collected in 14 stations using Kitahara and NORPAC plankton net. The plankton data in this research was analyzed with Bray-Curtis Clustering Analysis (Single Link), linear regression and Pearson correlation matrix. The results showed that zooplankton abundance was highest at the strait between Liang and Labobo Island, while phytoplankton was found abundant at eastern Tinangkung Island. On the other hand, Mesamat Bay was found having very low abundance of zooplankton and phytoplankton, which probably related to low nutrient availability in the water column. Calanoids, cyclopoids, and oikopleurans were dominant taxa with widest spatial distribution and highest importance value in zooplankton community of Banggai Islands. Meanwhile Chaetoceros, Rhizosolenia and Thalassiothrix were the dominant genus with widest spatial distribution and highest importance value in phytoplankton community. The result of clustering analysis showed that there were three stations with unique plankton community, and was found very different from the planktonic community in other stations. It was interesting to note that bottom-up control by nutrient availabilty, and top-down control by predator-prey interaction, probably not the main factor responsible for the unique pattern of plankton community structure of Banggai Islands. Keywords: plankton community, Banggai islands waters, Bray-Curtis clustering analysis, biological indices
EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT AND HATCHING EGGS RATIO OF BLACKSADDLED CORAL GROUPER (Plectropoma laevis) AT DIFFERENT TEMPERATURE MEDIA
Get PDFIn seed production, the success of spawning and egg production is very important to mantain the cultivating sustainability. The quantity and quality of the blacksaddled coral grouper eggs should be properly manipulated to produce the higher values. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of different temperatures on the results of hatch success (embryo development, incubation time, hatching rate and larvae abnormality). The eggs used were obtained from natural spawning and collected with egg collector. The fertilized eggs were incubated in four pieces of container and were treated with different temperatures of 26°C, 28°C, 30°C, and 32°C which each treatment was repeated 3 times. The incubation equipment with automatic temperature control was used in this treatment. The results showed that the eggs which were incubated at 32°C produced a faster of embryonic development and hatch within 14 hours while the temperature of 26°C took 18 hours to hatch. However, the temperature of 32°C resulted in low egg hatchability, with 60.29%, as well as the abnormalities of 8.42%. The best temperature of each treatment was obtained at the incubation temperature of 30°C, whereas the phase of the hatch was achieved within 15 hours, with egg hatchability of 92.25% and the abnormality of 6.29%. From these results, it can be concluded that the optimum incubation temperature for Blacksaddled coral grouper was 30°C. Keywords: hatching, egg of Blacksaddled coral grouper, Plectropoma laevis, incubation temperature
TEMPERATURE VARIABILITY AT SENUNU BAY, WEST SUMBAWA
Get PDFThe purposes of this study were to determine the variability of temperature and its relation to regional processes in the Senunu Bay. The result showed clear vertical stratifications i.e., mixed layer thickness about 39-119 m with isotherm of 27°C, thermocline layer thickness about 83-204 m with isotherm of 14–26°C, and the deeper layer from the thermocline lower limit to the sea bottom with isotherm <13°C. Temperature and the thickness of each layers varied with season in which during the Northwest Monsoon the temperature was warmer and the mixed layer was thicker than those during Southeast Monsoon. During Southeast Monsoon, the thermocline layer rose about 24 m. The 2001, 2006, and 2009 (weak La Nina years), the Indonesia Throughflow (ITF) carried warmer water, deepening thermocline depth and reducing upwelling strength. In 2003 and 2008 thickening of mixed layer occurred in transition season was believed associated with the arrival of Kelvin Wave from the west. In 2002 and 2004 (weak El Nino period,) ITF carries colder water shallowing thermocline depth and enhancing upwelling strength. In 2007 was believed to be related with positive IODM where the sea surface temperature were decreasing due to intensification of southeast wind which induced strong upwelling. The temperature spectral density of mixed layer and thermocline was influenced by annual, semi-annual, intra-annual and inter-annual period fluctuations. The cross-correlation between wind and temperature showed significant value in the annual period. Keywords: temperature, thermocline, variability, ENSO, IODM