Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kelautan Tropis
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BACTERIAL SYMBIONT BIOACTIVE COMPOUND OF SOFT CORAL Sinularia flexibilis AND S. polydactyla
Get PDFSymbiont bacteria on soft coral can produce bioactive compounds that plays an important role in chemical ecology and as a marine natural product. The purpose of this study was to find and characterize the antibacterial activities of active compounds extracted from bacterial symbionts of soft coral S. flexibilis and S. polydactyla. The methods used in this study were culture and isolation of bacterial symbionts, extraction of compounds, antibacterial bioassay, and identification of bioactive compounds using the LC-MS analyses. Four isolates of bacterial symbionts were obtained from two samples of soft corals, 2 isolates of Pseudomonas diminuta (A1) and Edwardsiellla hoshinae (A2) from soft coral S. flexibilis, and 2 isolates of E. hoshinae (B1) and P. acidovorans (B4) from S. polydactila. Antibacterial activity were found only from the extracts of bacterial symbionts P. diminuta (A1) and from S. flexiblis about 10.16 ± 0.3mm (for B. subtilis), 8.66 ± 0.8 mm (E. coli) and 9.86 ± 1.7mm (S. dysentri). No antibacterial activity found from the extracts of S. polydactyla. The results of LC MS analysis showed that the group of diterpenes sinularin produced by soft corals S. flexibilis and bacterial symbionts isolates of P. diminuta (A1).Keywords: Bacterial Symbiont, Bioactive Compound, Antibacterial Activity, Soft Coral, Sinularia flexibilis, Sinularia polydactyl
LANDCOVER CHANGES IN COASTAL BUNGUS REGION OF KABUNG BAY, WEST SUMATRA FROM 200-2013 BASED ON GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM APPLICATION
Get PDFABSTRACT Bungus district of Kabung Bay is a growing region located at coastal zone of southern city of Padang, west sumatra. As a growing region, the Bungus district brings some impacts on population increase and degradation of environment quality. Therefore, it is needed an effort to identify land use changes and the distribution of land use in this region from the year of 2003 until 2013. This research used landsat 7 imagery in 2003 and landsat 8 imagery in 2013. The data were analysed descriptively using geographical informastion system. The result showd that (1) swamp land cover experienced the smallest land use change between 2003 until 2013 (0.02 ha/yr), meanwhile forest land use had the biggest change of about 224.8 ha/yr. The biggest addition of land cover belong to settlement area about 47.59 hectare, and the other hand occur on bush about -31.68 hectare. Keywords: Bungus district, landcover changes, Landsat imagery, GI
EFFECTIVENESS OF REARING EQUIPMENT ON THE SURVIVAL AND GROWTH OF PEARL OYSTER (Pinctada maxima) SEED AT KODEK BAY, NORTH LOMBOK
Get PDFABSTRACT Oyster seeds mass mortality is one of the problemes in pearl farming business. Extreme temperature changes may cause mortality in oyster seed within sehll size of 3-4 cm. Modification in rearing equipment is therefore needed to maintain oyster survival from the impact of seasonal temperature fluctuation. The aim of this research was to observe the effectiveness and effect of rearing equipment on the survival and growth of pearl oyster (Pinctada maxima) seed at Kodek Bay, North Lombok. This research conducted from March- November 2009 was the continuation from the previous observation (December 2008-February 2009). Percentage of pearl oyster seed survival reared in “tento” basket was 84%, while that in pocket was 53%. “Chi-square” test showed that pearl oyster survival rate was siginifcantly affected by using the two equipment influence within 95% confidence level with ratio of 1.00:1.06. The growth of shell width, thickness, and weight of oyster seed tended to be higher reared in a“tento” basket (having broader space for movement) than that reared in a pocket. Length-weight relationship for those treatments showed similar pattern with minor allometry (b<3). Keywords: “Tento”basket, pocket, survival, growth, pearl oyster seed, Pinctada maxim
WAVEFORM IDENTIFICATION OF ALTIMETRY SATELLITE DATA OF SHALLOW AND DEEP WATERS IN SOUTHERN JAVA WATERS
Get PDFABSTRACT Waveform patterns of satellite altimetry affect the accuracy of sea surface height estimation from the satellite. The waveform patterns found in the coastal waters are generally not in the ideal form (Brown-waveform), resulting inaccurate in sea surface height estimation. The objec-tives of this research were to identify patterns of the waveform and determine their variability. Satellite altimetry Jason-2 SGDR (Sensor Geophysical Data Record) type D data located in the southern Java island waters of the year of 2013 were used and downloaded from “NOAA\u27s Comprehensive Large Array-data Stewardship System” (www.class.ncdc.noaa.gov) . Waveform identification and analyses were conducted along the satellite pass within the distance of 0-10 km, 10-50 km, and 50-100 km form the coastline. Results showed that the highest number of non-Brown-waveform was found within 0-10 km of the coastline (69%). Meanwhile, within the distance of 10-50 km and 50-100 km from the coastline, the number of non-Brown waveform was 5% and 3%, respectively. Brown waveform patterns could be found generally starting at 7.58 km from the coastline. Factors such as land near coastal waters, the depth and shape of the surface waters, aerosols in the atmosphere, building (example: lighthouse or ship) found in coastal areas suspected to be the cause of the noise in waveforms. Keywords: Borwn and non-Brown waveform, sea level height, altimetry satellite, identificatio
OBSERVATION OF COASTAL FRONT AND CIRCULATION IN THE NORTHEASTERN JAVA SEA, INDONESIA
Get PDFThe structure and spatial extent of a coastal front and circulation in the shallow (<55 m depth) northeastern Java Sea in Indonesia was investigated with a new dataset of high-resolution conductivity-temperature-depth (CTD) and along-track shipboard acoustic Doppler current profiler (SADCP) during a DIKTI-LIPI 2010 joint research cruise on R.V. Baruna Jaya 8. The coastal front separates fresh warm coastal water derived mainly from Barito River discharge and the saline, cool Java Sea water. The surface fresh water plume extends approximately 760 km from the Barito River estuary to the south, and its thickness varies from the surface to 10 m and 20 m depth, depending on its proximity to the fresh water source. The front is aligned a northeast and east direction, probably related to a meandering of strong northeastward monsoon current in the eastern part of the Java Sea during the observation time. Keywords: hydrographic measurement, coastal front, Matasiri Islands, Barito River, the northwest monsoon curren
WAVE PROPAGATION AND RESIDUAL CURRENT OF TIDE IN MAYALIBIT BAY: 2D HYDRODYNAMICS MODEL OF TIDE
Get PDFStudy on tidal waves and residual currents in Mayalibit Bay was conducted by constructing the 2D numerical hydrodynamics to find the characteristics of tide and residual currents inside the Bay. The 2D hydrodynamic equations with non-linier terms were solved by finite difference methods explicitly. M2 and K1 wave propagations were observed and analyzed at 25 observation points. M2 and K1 residual currents were obtained and described spatially. Simulation results of tidal currents were validated with field measurements. The validation result showed that the tidal currents between the model results and field measurements were quite fit. Generally, simulation results showed the significant differences between the tide inside and outside the Bay. This was strongly explained by the simulation results of M2 and K1 wave propagations. The M2 and K1 amplitudes were 10 times lower inside than outside the Bay with the phase lags of about 180°(M2) and 160°(K1). This result indicated that the tide inside and outside the Bay were in the opposite conditions. The tide had an ebb inside while the flood was outside and vice versa. M2 residual currents was flowed into the Bay uniformly, while K1 residual currents flowed out to the open sea in the Northern part and it flowed into the Bay in the Southern part of the Bay. Eventually, both of them converged in the middle of the Bay. Keywords: tide, tide-induced residual current, numerical metho
ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY AND PRODUCTIVITY OF THE FISHING BOAT FOR GIANT THREADFISH (Eletheronema tetradactylum)
Get PDFThis paper discussed the productivity and economic efficiency of the fishing boat for giant threadfish (Eletheronema tetradactylum), which operated in the Malacca Straits. Eleven fishing boats with different weights (GT) were observed for their input as total cost and output as total benefit in order to calculate respective fishing boat productivity and efficiency. It was found that fishing boat activities on giant threadfish using various boat sizes were efficient with BCR>1 and profitable. However, the average economic efficiency of all boats was 1.65 with the highest efficiency of 1.74 for the 2 GT fishing boat. The average productivity of the fishing boat was Rp 4.5 million or Rp 1.5 million/GT with its capital payback period of 29 months.The highest productivity was found on the 2 GT fishing boat of Rp 5.5 million or Rp 2.8 million/GT with its capital payback period of 27 months. However, The 4 GT fishing boat was recommended to be developed for artisanal fishery of giant threadfish because its economic efficiency was relatively high of 1.71 and its produktivity was Rp 5.1 million or Rp 1.3 million/GT with capital payback period of 29 months. Keywords: economic efficiency, fishing boat, Eletheronema tetradactylum, payback perio
FISH BEHAVIOR ON FISHERIES BOAT LIFT NET (BAGAN PETEPETE) BY USING LED LIGHTS
Get PDFResearch on fish behavior in boat lift net fisheries (bagan petepete) equipped with LED light is very important since the similar research is very limited conducted in Indonesian waters. The purpose of this study was to understand the LED light distribution and its impact on the fish behavior around the LED light. This study was conducted in the laboratory of Simulation Workshop and Navigation, Pangkep State Polytechnique of Agricultural and fishing experiment was done in Barru District waters, Makassar Strait, South Sulawesi. The light intensity was measured by a digital lux meter and under water lux meter, while fish behavior was observed by side scan sonar color. Light intensity analyses showed that the distribution of 80 watts LED light was mostly focused with 1096 lux with an angle168°. Fishes approached the light at 5-10 m and 20-30 m water depth from all directions after all lights were turned on. Fishes in smaller groups and higher density concentrated around the light when only one lamp was turned on. After catch processing, some fishes left the lighting area and others still stayed in the lighting area. Keywords: fish behavior, LED lamp, light fishing, lift ne
DIVERSITY OF SEA CUCUMBER (ECHINODERMATA: HOLOTHUROIDEA) IN SABU RAIJUA WATERS, SABU ISLAND, EAST NUSA TENGGARA
Get PDFSea cucumber has an ecological function as an organic decomposer in sediment and nutrient producer within a food chain. In addition, sea cucumber has also economic values as fisheries and trade commodities. The pupose of this research was to investigate diversity of sea cucumber in the Sabu Raijua waters, East Nusa Tenggara Province. Samples were collected from Sabu Raijua waters in July -August 2014 using transect quadrant of 1x1 m2 during the lowest low tide in daytime at 13:00-16:00 and nighttime at 18.00-22.00 Central Standar Local Time. Data analyses on the sea cucumber were based on composition, density, distribution, and eating habits. The results showed that there were 8 species that can be classified into 3 families i.e., the Holothuridae (Holothuria nobilis, Holothuria scabra, Holothuria atra, Holothuria edulis, Holothuria impatiens, and Holothuria leucospilato); the Actinopyga (Actinopyga lecanora); and the Bohadshia (Bohadschia argus). The density of Holothuria nobilis was 5.651 individual/m2, Holothuria atra of 4.409 individual/m2, Holothuria scabra of 3.294 individual/m2; Holothuria edulis of 3.102 individual/m2; Bahaschia argus of 2.102 individual/m2; Holothuria mexicana of 2.088 individual/m2; Holothuria impatiens of 2.044 individual/m2; and Actinopyga lecanora of 1.037 individual/m2. Of these sea cucumber species, 17.3% were distributed on sandy substrate and 82.7% on seagrass and coral subtsrates. All sea cucumber species have a posi-tive association with its environment indicating that the water quality was still in a good condition. Keywords: sea cucumber, association, diversity, composition, distributio
PHOTOPROTECTIVE EFFECT OF SUNSCREEN CREAM WITH ADDITION OF CARRAGEENAN AND BLACK MANGROVE FRUIT (Rhizopora mucronata Lamk.)
Get PDFThe need of people’s face protection from sun exposure is continuosly increasing. However, the available sunscreen in the market are mostly chemicaly generated. Seaweed (Kappaphycus alvarezii) produced carrageenan, which can be used as stabilizer, thickener, and emulsifier on sunscreen production. Black mangrove fruit (R. mucronata) contains an antioxidant activity, tanin, flavonoids, and phenolic compounds, which are potential to be used for UV light absorber as well as skin protector. The aims of this research were to determine: (1) the best carrageenan concentration in the cream; (2) content of total phenol, flavonoids, and tannin of mangrove fruit extract; and (3) Sun Protection Factor (SPF) value of sunscreen cream. The experiment used a complete random design and with Duncan test. The result showed that the best natural sunscreen formulation was an addition of 0.5% carrageenan and 1% extract from R. mucronata. The best characteristics of natural sunscreen were found within the level of 7.62 pH, 38.250 cP viscosity, 100% emulsion stability, 3.72% shrinkage, and <102 colonies/g total microbial, 10.21 ± 0.06 SPF content, 37.90% total phenol, 0.51% total flavonoids, and 6.20 mg/g tannins. Keywords: antioxidant, carrageenan, flavonoids, Rhizophora mucronata, SP