Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia
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Aktivitas antibakteri (Pseudomonas aeruginosa dan Staphylococcus aureus) dari ekstrak etanol selada air (Nasturtium officinale) : Antibacterial activity (Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus) of ethanol extract from watercress (Nasturtium officinale)
No full textBacteria can adversely affect the quality of fishery products and pose a risk of disease in humans. Polyphenolic substances derived from plant extracts are promising sources of natural antimicrobial agents. The objective of this study was to assess the antimicrobial properties of polyphenolic compounds extracted from watercress (Nasturtium officinale) against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Polyphenolic compounds were obtained through maceration using 70% ethanol, and their concentrations were determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu method. Antibacterial activity was assessed using the Kirby-Bauer well diffusion method. The output obtained from the extraction process yielded 21.62±1.55% polyphenol content, amounting to 28.49 mg GAE/g of dry sample. The relationship between the sample concentration and its ability to inhibit bacterial growth was indicated by the results of the antibacterial assay, which revealed a direct proportionality between the two variables. The inhibition zone diameter at a concentration of 1 mg/mL for P. aeruginosa was measured to be 11.13 millimeters, while that for S. aureus it was measured at 8.98 millimeters. Based on these findings, polyphenolic substances derived from watercress can be utilized as natural antibacterial agents.Bakteri merupakan mikroorganisme yang dapat menyebabkan pembusukan pada produk perikanan dan menyebabkan penyakit terhadap manusia. Senyawa polifenol dari ekstrak tumbuhan yaitu selada air merupakan salah satu sumber antibakteri alami. Tujuan penelitian adalah menentukan aktivitas antibakteri senyawa polifenol selada air (Nasturtium officinale) terhadap bakteri Pseudomonas aeruginosa dan Staphylococcus aureus. Senyawa polifenol diekstrak dengan metode maserasi menggunakan etanol 70%, kadar polifenol ekstrak ditentukan dengan metode Folin–Ciocalteu, dan aktivitas antibakteri dengan metode difusi sumuran Kirby-Bauer. Rendemen ekstrak diperoleh 21,62±1,55% dengan kadar polifenol 28,49 mg GAE/g sampel kering. Antibakteri menghasilkan peningkatan konsentrasi sampel yang berbanding lurus dengan penghambatan masing-masing bakteri. Diameter zona hambat pada konsentrasi 1 mg/mL pada P. aeruginosa yaitu 11,13 mm dan S. aureus 8,98 mm. Senyawa polifenol dari selada air dapat dijadikan sebagai agen antibakteri alami
Potensi skrining fitokimia dan aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak daun Avicennia marina dan Avicennia alba dari Selat Madura: Potential phytochemical screening and antioxidant activity of Avicennia Marina and Avicennia Alba leaf extracts from the Madura Strait
No full textSelat Madura termasuk pusat perkembangan sektor perikanan dan kelautan di Jawa Timur karena memiliki biodiversitas vegetasi A. marina dan A. alba yang melimpah. Tingginya potensi sumberdaya hayati laut di sekitar selat Madura dapat memicu keanekaragaman senyawa fitokimia dan aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak daun A. marina dan A. alba. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menentukan kandungan fitokimia dan aktivitas antioksidan pada ekstrak daun A. marina dan A. alba dari Selat Madura. Metode yang digunakan meliputi ekstraksi sampel menggunakan maserasi dengan metanol, uji fitokimia secara kualitatif dengan melihat perubahan visualisasinya, dan uji aktivitas antioksidan dengan metode DPPH yang menggunakan spektrofotometri UV-Vis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan senyawa fitokimia yang terdeteksi pada ekstrak mangrove A. marina meliputi alkaloid, flavonoid, tanin, saponin, dan triterpenoid, sedangkan A. alba meliputi alkaloid, tanin, saponin, dan triterpenoid. Aktivitas antioksidan terdeteksi pada ekstrak A. marina dengan hasil konsentrasi 119,08±32,7 ppm tergolong dalam aktivitas antioksidan sedang, sedangkan ekstrak A. alba tergolong dalam aktivitas antioksidan sangat lemah dengan konsentrasi 287,72 ±39,2 ppm, serta IC50 asam askorbat sebesar 2,208 ppm termasuk antioksidan sangat kuat. Potensi sumberdaya hayati laut A. marina dan A. alba yang melimpah di Selat Madura terutama di Kabupaten Bangkalan dapat dimanfaatkan dalam berbagai bidang dan menghasilkan nilai ekonomi tinggiThe Madura Strait serves as a focal point for the advancement of the fisheries and marine industry in East Java, owing to its abundance of A. marina and A. alba vegetation, which contributes to its rich biodiversity. The significant resources of marine biological compounds present in the vicinity of the Madura Strait have the capacity to stimulate a range of phytochemical components and antioxidant qualities in the extracts derived from A. marina and A. alba leaves. The objective of this study was to evaluate the phytochemical makeup and antioxidant capacity of A. marina and A. alba leaf extracts from the Madura Strait. The techniques deployed include maceration with methanol for sample extraction, qualitative phytochemical assessments through visualization modifications, and determination of antioxidant activity using the DPPH method with UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The findings of the present study indicate that the phytochemicals present in the A. marina mangrove extract comprised alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and triterpenoids. In contrast, A. alba contains alkaloids, tannins, saponins and triterpenoids. The antioxidant activity of A. marina extract was found to be moderate, with a concentration of 119.08 ± 32.7 ppm, while the antioxidant activity of A. alba extract was classified as very weak, with a concentration of 287.72 ± 39.2 ppm. The IC50 of ascorbic acid was found to be 2.208 ppm, indicating a very strong antioxidant activity, and the economic potential of the abundant marine biological resources found in A. marina and A. alba in the Madura Strait, particularly in the Bangkalan Regency, can be harnessed for various purposes and generate significant economic value
Aplikasi serbuk daun mangrove (Rhizopora sp.) sebagai pengawet alami tali rami pada alat tangkap jaring ikan: Application of mangrove leaves powder (Rhizopora sp.) as a natural preservative for hemp rope in fishing gear
No full textTali rami adalah bahan yang digunakan untuk membuat jaring pada alat tangkap. Sifat tali rami yang mudah busuk dan masa pakai yang singkat membuat tali ini kurang diminati oleh nelayan. Bahan pengawet digunakan untuk menambah usia pakai tali rami, salah satunya adalah daun mangrove. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan pengaruh aplikasi serbuk daun mangrove Rhizophora sp. sebagai pengawet tali rami berdasarkan parameter kemuluran benang dan kuat putus. Daun mangrove Rhizophora sp. yang digunakan jenis daun muda dengan warna hijau tidak pekat. Serbuk daun mangrove Rhizophora sp. dianalisis proksimat dan fitokimia. Pengawetan tali rami terdiri atas perlakuan tanpa perendaman serbuk daun Rhizophora sp. (kontrol) dan perendaman 0,3; 0,5; 0,7; dan 0,9 kg/L. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa serbuk daun mangrove Rhizophora sp. memiliki kadar air 6,31±0,06%; lemak 0,66±0,05%; abu 8,28±0,10%; protein 8,74±0,04%; serat kasar 15,25±0,05%; dan karbohidrat 65,76±0,05%. Serbuk daun mangrove Rhizophora sp. terdeteksi mengandung senyawa fenol, alkaloid, flavonoid, tanin, dan saponin. Perbedaan konsentrasi perendaman serbuk daun mengrove dapat memengaruhi (p<0,05) kuat putus basah , namun pada parameter lainnya (kadar air, kemuluran benang basah-kering), kuat putus kering dengan pemberian serbuk daun mangrove pada rentang konsentrasi 0,3-0,9 kg/L tidak berpengaruh signifikan. The hemp rope is used to create nets for fishing equipment. The unappealing characteristics of the hemp rope, including its propensity for decay and limited lifespan, render it a less desirable choice for fishermen. The use of preservatives in hemp ropes is intended to prolong their lifespan. One such preservative is the mangrove leaves, which have been found to be effective in this regard. This study aimed to investigate the impact of utilizing mangrove leaf powder from Rhizophora sp. as a preservative for hemp rope with respect to thread elongation and breaking strength. The leaves utilized were young, non-dark green hues. The proximate and phytochemical characteristics of the mangrove leaf powder were examined. Preserving hemp rope involves treating it without soaking it in Rhizophora sp. leaf powder and immersing it in solutions at concentrations of 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, and 0.9 kg/L. According to the data, the water content of mangrove leaf powder from Rhizophora sp. was found to be 6.31 ± 0.06%, the fat content was 0.66 ± 0.05%, the ash content was 8.28 ± 0.10%, the protein content was 8.74 ± 0.04%, the crude fiber content was 15.25 ± 0.05%, and the carbohydrate content was 65.76 ± 0.05%. The presence of phenolic compounds, alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, and saponins in Rhizophora sp. mangrove leaf powder has been identified.Pertaining to the application of mangrove leaf powder, the concentration level can impact the wet breaking strength, as indicated by a significance level of p<0.05. However, in terms of other factors such as moisture content and wet-dry elongation of the thread, the effect on the dry breaking strength appeared to be insignificant within the concentration range of 0.3-0.9 kg/L
Penapisan senyawa bioaktif antibakteri fungi laut endofit asal Pulau Buton Sulawesi Tenggara: Screening bioactive compounds of marine endophytic fungi as antibacteria from Buton Island, Southeast Sulawesi
No full textFungi laut endofit mengandung senyawa bioaktif alami sehingga memiliki kemampuan sebagai antimikroba, antitumor, antivirus, antikanker, dan antiinflamasi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menentukan potensi senyawa bioaktif yang dimiliki oleh fungi laut endofit dan aktivitas antibakterinya dalam menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri patogen Vibrio harveyi. Penelitian dilakukan dengan beberapa tahapan, yaitu isolasi, seleksi, uji antagonis, ekstraksi senyawa aktif, dan uji antibakteri. Isolasi dan seleksi fungi laut endofit dilakukan pada sampel rumput laut dan mangrove yang berasal dari Pulau Buton, Sulawesi Tenggara menggunakan media potato dextrose agar (PDA). Isolat sebanyak 35 diuji antagonis dengan bakteri patogen Vibrio harveyi dan menghasilkan zona bening yang berkisar antara 2-21 mm. Ekstraksi dilakukan dengan metode maserasi menggunakan pelarut etil asetat dan dipekatkan dengan rotary evaporator. Ekstrak isolat fungi laut Aspergillus terreus (WB 1-2) membentuk zona hambat (inhibisi) tertinggi pada bobot 2 mg/mL sebesar 21,8±0,3 mm. Diameter zona hambat ekstrak Aspergillus terreus tersebut lebih besar dibandingkan dengan kloramfenikol (19 mm) yang digunakan sebagai kontrol positif. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa fungi laut endofit A. terreus dapat digunakan sebagai antibakteri alami dalam pencegahan patogen di dalam bidang akuakultur.Marine endophytic fungi harbor inherent bioactive chemicals that exhibit antimicrobial, antitumor, antiviral, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory properties. The aim of this study was to assess the capability of bioactive chemicals found in endophytic marine fungi to prevent the growth of the harmful bacterium Vibrio harveyi. This research was carried out using a series of procedures, including isolation, selection, antagonistic testing, extraction of active compounds, and antibacterial testing. The process of isolating and selecting endophytic marine fungi was conducted on seaweed and mangrove samples obtained from Buton Island, Southeast Sulawesi. This was performed using Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA). 35 isolates were subjected to antagonistic testing against the pathogenic bacterium V. harveyi, which led to the formation of clear zones with sizes ranging from 2 mm to 21 mm. Extraction was conducted using a maceration technique with ethyl acetate as the solvent. The resulting extract was then concentrated using a rotary evaporator. The extract derived from the marine fungus Aspergillus terreus (WB 1-2) showed the largest inhibitory zone, measuring 21.8±0.3 mm, when tested at a dosage of 2 mg/mL. The diameter of the inhibitory zone of the A. terreus extract was greater than that of the positive control, chloramphenicol (19 mm). These findings suggest that the marine endophytic fungus A. terreus can be used as a natural antibacterial agent to inhibit the growth of infections in aquaculture
Sustainable cold supply chain management of tuna agroindustry: A literature review and future research : Manajemen rantai pasok dingin berkelanjutan pada agroindustri tuna: Tinjauan literatur dan penelitian masa depan
No full textRantai pasok dingin agroindustri tuna menghadapi tantangan yang kompleks. Penerapan rantai dingin memiliki dampak ekonomi, sosial, dan lingkungan. Putusnya rantai dingin berdampak langsung pada penurunan kualitas tuna. Untuk mengatasi tantangan tersebut, diperlukan metode manajemen rantai dingin yang efektif dan efisien dengan memperhatikan aspek risiko, kinerja, rantai nilai, dan keberlanjutan. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis metode yang digunakan dalam pengelolaan rantai dingin dan mengembangkan kerangka terpadu yang digunakan untuk meningkatkan efektivitas dan efisiensi manajemen rantai pasok dingin yang berkelanjutan pada agroindustri tuna. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan systematic literature review (SLR). Pangkalan data pencarian artikel ilmiah menggunakan Scopus, Google Scholar, dan yang lainnya pada rentang tahun 2013-2023. Hasil seleksi mendapatkan 86 artikel terpilih untuk dikaji lebih lanjut. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa kajian rantai dingin pada agroindustri tuna masih sangat sedikit. Kajian rantai dingin pada aspek risiko, kinerja dan keberlanjutan didominasi oleh metode kuantitatif dengan persentase sebagai berikut: 76%, 58%, dan 92%. Sebaliknya, kajian pada aspek rantai nilai didominasi oleh metode kualitatif deskriptif (89%). Kajian menemukan bahwa permasalahan rantai dingin tuna di Indonesia bersifat soft problem di sisi hulu dan hard problem di sisi hilir. Kedua sifat tersebut jarang yang dipertimbangkan dalam satu penelitian rantai dingin. Sifat soft system dikaji dengan metode kualitatif dan sifat hard system dikaji dengan metode kuantitatif. Untuk penelitian ke depan, penelitian ini mengembangkan kerangka terpadu pengelolaan rantai dingin agroindustri tuna pada aspek kinerja, risiko, rantai nilai, dan keberlanjutan dengan mempertimbangkan aspek soft dan hard system rantai dingin sejak di atas kapal hingga ke konsumen.The tuna agro-industrial cold supply chain faces complex challenges. The implementation of cold chains has economic, social, and environmental implications. Breaking the cold chain directly reduces tuna quality. To overcome these challenges, an effective and efficient cold chain management method that focuses on the aspects of risk, performance, value chain, and sustainability is required. This study aimed to analyze the methods used in cold chain management and develop an integrated framework to increase the effectiveness and efficiency of sustainable cold supply chain management in tuna agro-industries. This study uses a systematic literature review (SLR) approach. Scientific article search databases using Scopus, Google Scholar, and others in 2013-2023. The selection resulted in 86 articles for further studies. The results of this study show that there are still very few cold chain studies in the tuna agro-industry. Cold chain studies on risk, performance, and sustainability aspects are dominated by quantitative methods with the following percentages: 76%, 58%, and 92%, respectively. By contrast, studies on the value chain aspect are dominated by descriptive qualitative methods (89%). This study found that the tuna cold chain problem in Indonesia is a soft problem on the upstream side and a hard problem on the downstream side. These two properties are rarely considered in single cold chain studies. The properties of the soft and hard systems were studied using qualitative and quantitative methods, respectively. In future research, we will develop an integrated framework for tuna agro-industry cold chain management in terms of performance, risk, value chain, and sustainability by considering the soft and hard aspects of the cold chain from onboard the ship to the consumer
Efek minyak ikan terhadap histopatologi hati mencit yang diinduksi dengan azoksimetan dan dekstran sodium sulfat: Effect of fish oil on the histopathology of liver in mice induced by azoxymethane and dextran sodium sulfate
No full textDeath from colorectal cancer is generally caused by damage to the human liver through metastasis. Fish oil has anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects, which can reduce liver damage. The treatment of colorectal cancer has been studied in vivo in mice. The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal dose of fish oil for liver damage in mice by measuring the number of necrotic foci, steatosis, inflammation, dysplasia, and obstructed central veins. Fish oil is produced from the fins, stomach contents, and heads of tuna fish, which are by-products of the filleting industry, and is then extracted with papain. The fin pulp, stomach contents, and heads of tuna were mixed with papain at 85% and 15%, respectively. Experimental mice were divided into four groups: without fish oil, low-dose fish oil (1.5 mg/day), medium-dose (3 mg/day), and high-dose (6 mg/day). The four groups received treatment in the form of AOM induction at 10 mg/kg BW and DSS 2% (w/v). The parameters analyzed included the number of necrotic foci, steatosis, inflammation, dysplasia, and obstructed central veins. The results showed that different fish oil doses affected the number of necrotic foci and central vein obstruction in the levers of the mice. The extent of steatosis, inflammation, and dysplasia was not observed in the levers of the mice by microscopic observation. The best treatment was the administration of high-dose fish oil (6 mg/day) because it could reduce necrotic foci and central vein obstruction in the lever of mice by 24.40±3.29 units and 4.20±2.28 units. Oil from tuna fish (Thunnus albacares) can improve the histopathology of the levers of mice induced by AOM and DSS.Kematian akibat kanker kolorektal umumnya disebabkan oleh kerusakan hati manusia melalui metastasis yang terjadi pada lever. Minyak ikan memiliki efek anti inflamasi dan imunomodulator yang dapat menurunkan tingkat kerusakan hati. Pengobatan kanker kolorektal sudah diteliti secara in vivo menggunakan hewan mencit dan tikus. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menentukan dosis terbaik minyak ikan untuk memperbaiki kerusaskan hati mencit melalui parameter jumlah fokus nekrosis, steatosis, inflamasi, dysplasia, dan vena sentral yang mengalami obstruksi. Minyak ikan dihasilkan dari bagian sirip, isi perut, dan kepala ikan tuna yang menjadi hasil samping dari industri pemfiletan, lalu diekstraksi dengan enzim papain. Lumatan sirip, isi perut, dan kepala ikan tuna dicampur enzim papain dengan persentase 85% dan 15%. Mencit percobaan dibagi menjadi 4 kelompok, yaitu tanpa minyak ikan, pemberian minyak ikan dosis rendah (1,5 mg/hari), dosis sedang (3 mg/hari), dan dosis tinggi (6 mg/hari). Perlakuan berupa induksi AOM 10 mg/kg BB dan DSS 2% (b/v) dilakukan pada keempat kelompok tersebut. Parameter yang dianalisis meliputi perhitungan jumlah fokus nekrosis, steatosis, inflamasi, dysplasia, dan vena sentral yang mengalami obstruksi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perbedaan pemberian dosis minyak ikan berpengaruh pada jumlah fokus nekrosis dan obstruksi vena sentral hati mencit. Jumlah steatosis, inflamasi, dan dysplasia tidak ditemukan secara pengamatan mikroskopis pada hati mencit. Perlakuan terbaik yaitu pemberian minyak ikan dosis tinggi (6 mg/hari) karena dapat menurunkan fokus nekrotik dan obstruksi vena sentral pada hati mencit sebesar 24,40±3,29 unit dan 4,20±2,28 unit. Minyak ikan hasil samping ikan tuna (Thunnus albacares) dapat memperbaiki histopatologi hati mencit yang diinduksi dengan AOM dan DSS
Kandungan nutrien dan fitohormon rumput laut cokelat dari Perairan Pulau Lemukutan Kalimantan Barat: Nutrient and phytohormone of Sargassum polycystum and Padina australis from Lemukutan Island Waters West Kalimantan
No full textPulau Lemukutan merupakan salah satu pulau kecil di Kecamatan Sungai Raya Kepulauan, Bengkayang, Kalimantan Barat. Keanekaragaman hayati di perairan pulau ini cukup tinggi dan melimpah, salah satunya adalah rumput laut. Rumput laut cokelat jenis Sargassum polycystum dan Padina australis paling banyak ditemukan di perairan ini dengan pemanfaatannya yang kurang optimal. Rumput laut cokelat telah banyak dilaporkan memiliki zat pengatur tumbuh (ZPT), mineral, dan senyawa bioaktif yang berpotensi sebagai biostimulan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan pH terbaik (asam, basa, dan netral) dalam mengekstrak kandungan nutrien dan fitohormon pada rumput laut S. polycystum dan P. australis asal perairan Pulau Lemukutan, Kabupaten Bengkayang, Kalimantan Barat. Nutrien tersebut diekstrak dari rumput laut dengan pH yang berbeda, yaitu 3, 7 dan 9. Ekstraksi dilakukan pada kondisi asam (SA dan PA), netral (SN dan PN) dan basa (SB dan PB). Kandungan nutrisi (N, P, K) dianalisis mengacu pada AOAC (Association of Official Analytical Chemist). Analisis fitohormon dilakukan dengan kromatografi cair kinerja tinggi (KCKT). Konsentrasi N, P dan K tertinggi yaitu 0,14% (SN dan PN); 0,03% (SA) dan 0,59% (SB). Hasil ini menunjukkan nutrien tertinggi terkandung pada S. polycystum dibandingkan P. australis. Fitohormon tertinggi terkandung pada S. polycystum, yaitu auksin 8,40 mg/g dan zeatin 17,99 mg/g. Lemukutan Island is a small island in the Sungai Raya Islands District, Bengkayang, West Kalimantan. The biodiversity of the waters surrounding this island is particularly rich and diverse, with an abundance of various types of marine life, including seaweeds. Seaweed varieties such as Sargassum polycystum and Padina australis are found in these waters, but their utilization remains limited. Brown seaweed is commonly recognized as a source of plant growth regulators, minerals, and bioactive compounds that exhibit potential biostimulant properties. The goal of this study was to identify the optimal pH (acidic, alkaline, or neutral) for extracting the nutritional and phytohormone contents of S. polycystum and P. australis seaweed obtained from the waters surrounding Lemukutan Island, Bengkayang Regency, West Kalimantan. Extraction of these nutrients from seaweed was performed at various pH levels, including 3, 7, and 9. Extraction was conducted under various pH conditions, including acidic (SA and PA), neutral (SN and PN), and alkaline (SB and PB) conditions. Nutritional content, including nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, is typically determined in accordance with standards established by the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC). Phytohormone analysis was performed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The highest N, P, and K levels were 0.14% (SN and PN), 0.03% (SA), and 0.59% (SB), respectively. These data indicate that S. polycystum possesses the highest concentration of nutrients when compared to P. australis. The amounts of the highest phytohormones present in S. polycystum, specifically auxin at 8.40 mg/g and zeatin at 17.99 mg/g, are the highest among the species studied
Karakteristik fisikokimia serbuk minuman jahe merah instan dengan penambahan rumput laut (Kappaphycus alvarezii): Physicochemical characteristics of instant red ginger beverage powder with the addition of seaweed (Kappaphycus alvarezii)
No full textMinuman jahe merah (Zingiber officinale var. Rubrum) sebagai penghangat tubuh memiliki nilai fungsional lain dengan menambahkan Kappaphycus alvarezii sebagai sumber serat. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menentukan pengaruh penambahan rumput laut K. alvarezii terhadap karakteristik fisikokimia dan penerimaan konsumen minuman jahe merah instan. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan perlakuan penambahan persentase bubur rumput laut (0, 20, 40, 60, dan 80%) terhadap rendemen, viskositas, derajat putih, daya larut, komposisi kimia, pH, dan uji hedonik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan K. alvarezii tidak berpengaruh nyata (p>0,05) terhadap nilai kesukaan panelis pada aroma, rasa, dan kekentalan kecuali warna, namun berpengaruh nyata (p<0,05) terhadap karakteristik viskositas, daya larut, derajat putih, pH, kadar air, abu, dan serat kasar. Karakteristik fisikokimia serbuk minuman jahe merah K. alvarezii instan, yaitu viskositas 1,3-9,2 cP, derajat putih 64,82-76,82%, daya larut 99,46-99,69%, kadar air 1,33-2,86%, abu 0,41-0,62%, serat kasar 4,15-5,62% dan pH 6,30-7,05. Kadar air dan abu produk memenuhi syarat SNI minuman bubuk. Hasil uji hedonik konsumen meliputi warna 4,20-5,30; aroma 4,20-4,80; rasa 4,37-5,20 dan kekentalan 4,57-5,00.The addition of Kappaphycus alvarezii to red ginger (Zingiber officinale var. rubrum) drink, as a source of fiber, imparts another functional value to the beverage, particularly as a body warmer. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of incorporating K. alvarezii seaweed on the physicochemical properties and consumer acceptance of instant red ginger drink. The research methodology adopted for this study was a completely randomized design (CRD), which incorporated various treatment percentages of seaweed pulp (0, 20, 40, 60, and 80%) to examine the yield, viscosity, whiteness, solubility, chemical composition, pH, and hedonic tests. The results of this study demonstrated that the incorporation of K. alvarezii did not have a substantial impact (p>0.05) on panelists\u27 preference ratings for aroma, taste, and viscosity, except for color. However, it exhibited a considerable influence (p<0.05) on the viscosity, solubility, degree of whiteness, pH, water content, ash, and crude fiber. The physicochemical characteristics of K. alvarezii red ginger drink powder include viscosity ranging from 1.3 to 9.2 centipoise, whiteness degree ranging from 64.82% to 76.82%, solubility ranging from 99.46% to 99.69%, moisture content ranging from 1.33% to 2.86%, ash content ranging from 0.41% to 0.62%, crude fiber ranging from 4.15% to 5.62%, and pH ranging from 6.30 to 7.05.The moisture and ash content of the product conformed to the standards set forth in the SNI for powdered beverages. The results of the consumer hedonic test indicate that the product has a color rating of 4.20-5.30, an aroma rating of 4.20-4.80, a taste rating of 4.37-5.20, and a viscosity rating of 4.57-5.00
Karakteristik papain soluble collagen gelembung renang ikan manyung dengan variasi praperlakuan alkali dan rasio ekstraktan: Characterization of papain-soluble collagen from swim bladder sea catfish with variations in alkali pretreatment and extractant ratio
No full textKolagen merupakan biomaterial penting pada beberapa industri di Indonesia, namun pemenuhan kebutuhannya masih mengandalkan impor. Transformasi hasil samping gelembung renang ikan manyung (Arius thalassinus) sebagai sumber kolagen. Optimalisasi proses ekstraksi kolagen menjadi penting diteliti dalam meningkatkan rendemen. Faktor ekstraksi yang memengaruhi antara lain waktu pra-perlakuan alkali dan rasio sampel dan ekstraktan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan waktu perendaman alkali terbaik dalam menghilangkan protein non-kolagen dan mengevaluasi pengaruh perbedaan jenis alkali pada pra-perlakuan serta rasio sampel dan ekstraktan dalam menghasilkan kolagen gelembung renang ikan manyung. Penelitian ini terdiri dari dua tahap, yaitu pertama penentuan waktu perendaman terbaik dalam larutan alkali (KOH), dan kedua ekstraksi papain soluble collagen selama 48 jam dengan variasi alkali (KOH dan NaOH 0,05 M) dan rasio sampel dan ekstraktan (1:10;1:20;1:30 b/v). Ekstraktan yang digunakan adalah enzim papain 5.000 U/g dalam asam asetat 0,5 M. Parameter yang dianalisis meliputi proporsi ikan, proksimat, asam amino, konsentrasi protein, rendemen, stabilitas termal, gugus fungsi, berat molekul, dan zeta potensial. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa gelembung renang ikan manyung memiliki proporsi 4,08%, kadar protein 33,58±0,11%, asam amino penciri prolina 29,2 mg/g, alanina 28,9 mg/g dan hidroksiprolina 18,18 mg/g. Waktu perendaman terbaik dalam larutan KOH adalah 6 jam. Perlakuan terbaik untuk ekstraksi papain soluble collagen yakni menggunakan pra-perlakuan alkali menggunakan NaOH selama 6 jam dengan rasio sampel dan ekstraktan 1:20 (b/v). Rendemen kolagen yang diperoleh sebesar 35,31±0,65% dengan karakteristik gugus amida (A, B, I, II, III), pola elektroforesis (α1,α2, β), suhu transisi maksimum 33,06°C dan zeta potensial +32 mV.Collagen is a crucial biomaterial in multiple sectors of Indonesia, yet its procurement remains heavily reliant on imports. Catfish swim bladders are considered valuable sources of collagen. It is crucial to optimize the extraction process to obtain a higher yield, which is influenced by variables such as the pretreatment time and sample-to-extractant ratio. This study aimed to maximize the duration of alkali soaking and investigate the influence of various alkali types and extractant-to-sample ratios on collagen extraction from sea catfish swim bladders. This study was comprised of two phases. The first phase involved determining the optimal soaking time in an alkaline solution (KOH). The second phase involved papain-soluble collagen extraction for 48 h, with variations in alkali (KOH and NaOH 0.05 M) and sample-to-extractant ratios (1:10, 1:20, 1:30, w/v). Papain enzyme at 5,000 U/g in 0.5 M acetic acid was utilized as the extractant. The parameters analyzed included fish proportion, proximate amino acids, protein concentration, yield, thermal stability, functional groups, molecular weight, and zeta potential. The data indicate that the sea catfish swim bladder possesses a percentage of 4.08%, and its protein content is 33.58±0.11%. The bladder contains characteristic amino acids, such as proline (29.2 mg/g), alanine (28.9 mg/g), and hydroxyproline (18.18 mg/g). The most suitable duration for alkali soaking using potassium hydroxide (KOH) was determined to be 6 h. Furthermore, the most effective method for extracting papain-soluble collagen involved alkali pretreatment using sodium hydroxide (NaOH) for 6 h with a sample extractant ratio of 1:20 (w/v). The yield of collagen obtained was 35.31±0.65%, which displayed characteristic amide groups (A, B, I, II, and III), an electrophoresis pattern consisting of α1, α2, and β, a maximum transition temperature of 33.06°C, and a zeta potential of +32 mV
Penambahan tinta cumi-cumi (Loligo sp.) untuk memperbaiki karakteristik cuko pempek instan: Addition of squid (Loligo sp.) ink to improve instant cuko pempek characteristics
No full textCuko pempek merupakan saus khas Palembang yang memiliki cita rasa asam, manis, dan pedas. Cuko pempek dapat dibuat dalam bentuk instan (bubuk) untuk menyediakan produk yang lebih tahan lama, praktis, dan mudah didistribusikan. Tujuan penelitian yaitu menentukan formulasi terbaik penambahan tinta cumi-cumi terhadap karakteristik kimia, fisik, dan hedonik cuko pempek instan. Cuko pempek instan dibuat dengan perlakuan penambahan tinta cumi-cumi konsentrasi 0, 3, 5, dan 7% (v/v). Proses pengeringan cuko pempek instan menggunakan metode foam-mat drying dengan putih telur 30% dan maltodekstrin 10% pada suhu 60℃ selama 4-8 jam. Parameter yang dianalisis meliputi kadar asam glutamat, air, protein, warna, kelarutan, dan uji hedonik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan tinta cumi-cumi memiliki pengaruh nyata (p<0,05) terhadap karakteristik cuko pempek instan berdasarkan parameter kadar asam glutamat, air, protein, warna, dan uji hedonik pada parameter aroma dan rasa. Formulasi cuko pempek instan terbaik berdasarkan indeks efektivitas adalah penambahan tinta cumi-cumi 7%, yaitu kadar asam glutamat 3,55±0,01%, air 3,89±0,20%, protein 11,78±0,19% (bk), kecerahan (L*) 55,26±0,37, redness (a*) -3,43±0,09, yellowness (b*) 11,44±0,17, kelarutan 86,11±2,92%, dan rata-rata uji hedonik 3,10±0,29 dari skala 4,00.Cuko pempek is a traditional sauce originating from Palembang, characterized by its combination of sour, sweet, and spicy flavors.Cuko pempek can be prepared in an instant powdered form to offer a more extended shelf life, convenience, and ease of distribution. The objective of this study was to determine the optimal method for incorporating squid ink into instant cuko pempek in terms of chemical, physical, and sensory properties. An instant cuko pempek was prepared by incorporating squid ink at concentrations of 0%, 3%, 5%, and 7% (v/v). The instant cuko pempek was subjected to a drying process using the foam-mat drying method, which utilized 30% egg white and 10% maltodextrin. The drying process was performed at 60 °C for 4–8 h. The examination of the parameters assessed glutamic acid content, water content, protein content, color, solubility, and hedonic testing. According to the findings of this study, the incorporation of squid ink significantly affected (p<0.05) the attributes of instant cuko pempek, including glutamic acid content, water content, protein content, color, flavor, and taste, as evaluated through hedonic testing. The most effective formulation for instant cuko pempek was found to be the addition of 7% squid ink, with a glutamic acid content of 3.55±0.01%, water content of 3.89±0.20%, protein content of 11.78±0.19% (wb), lightness (L*) of 55.26±0.37, redness (a*) of -3.43±0.09, yellowness (b*) of 11.44±0.17, solubility of 86.11±2.92%, and average hedonic score of 3.10±0.29 on a scale of 4.00