20253 research outputs found
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CLEVER D6.1 — FLAM outputs (CSV & GeoTIFF) Burned Area Projections 2001-2100 RCPs 2.6, 4.5 and 8.5 with adaptation scenarios
No full textThis dataset contains outputs from the FLAM model produced for the CLEVER project deliverable D6.1. It includes (i) a consolidated CSV of annual regional totals from 2001-2099 by forest and shrubland and its sum, and scenario, and (ii) GeoTIFF rasters of projected burned area under RCP2.6, RCP4.5, RCP8.5, plus an adaptation raster under RCP8.5 representing a scenario where fires can be suppressed in one day.
The record contains 6 separate files: FLAM Projection for Latin America.csv, BA_Projections_Latin_America_RCP26.tif, BA_Projections_Latin_America_RCP45.tif, BA_Projections_Latin_America_RCP85.tif, Projected BA in Latin America with Adaptation measures under RCP 8.5.tif and a readme document
Related items:
CLEVER Output D6.1 Non-food biomass production based on biophysical modelling. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10933036, FLAM model documentation (model website and list of citations, https://iiasa.ac.at/models-tools-data/flam
The ISIMIP Groundwater Sector: A Framework for Ensemble Modeling of Global Change Impacts on Groundwater
No full textGlobal ensemble mean static water table depth (WTD) and groundwater recharge change from 2001-2006 based on a ensemble of groundwater models. This is not yet a real ISIMIP ensemble, but rather a demonstration of results based on current available modle runs. The script folder contains the original preprocessing scripts and plotting scripts. The pre-processing was combined with a GIS-based spatial merge using QGIS. The model outputs are based on already publsihed data. Please refer to the original paper for datasources
GoNEXUS Zambezi Topwatch model inputs and outputs
No full textoNEXUS Zambezi Topwatch model inputs and outputs:
GoNEXUS_Zambezi_Topwatch_inputs:
Inputs for the Topwatch model for the five sub-catchments of the Zambezi basin
GoNEXUXS_Zambezi_Topwatch_results:
-zambezi_w5e5_outer
Simulations using historical observations (W5E5 dataset) for the outer four sub-basins of the Zambezi.
-zambezi_isimip_outer
Simulations using ISIMIP climate inputs, covering the historical reference period and future scenarios, for the outer four sub-basins.
-zambezi_isimip_vJune2_Core
Simulations using ISIMIP climate inputs, covering the historical reference period and future scenarios, for the core sub-basin of the Zambez
Land Carbon Fluxes Projected by OSCAR
No full textMulti-scenarios global and national land carbon fluxes and their sub-components (2024-2100), projected with OSCAR v3.3
A plant checklist for the Schlosspark Laxenburg: ecological jewels of a Habsburg legacy
No full textThe Schlosspark Laxenburg is located in the Vienna Basin south of Vienna. Extended over approximately 280 hectares in area, it is one of the largest parks of its kind in Central Europe. It was first mentioned in the 13th century as a hunting ground that formed part of the estate of a large house. Its present design as English landscape garden took shape in the 18th and continued into the 19th centuries under Joseph II and Francis II I. In addition to recreational areas, there are large near-natural areas, especially meadows and forests. Due to the occurrence of rare species (especially birds and beetles) and unique habitats, the Schlosspark Laxenburg was designated as part of the Natura 2000 site "Feuchte Ebene- Leithaauen" since 2009 and 2011 respectively.
Until now, surprisingly little was known about the inventory of vascular plants in the park. Therefore, surveys were carried out between 2023–2025, in order to assess the floristic composition of the Schlosspark Laxenburg. A total of 484 taxa of wild or feral plants were recorded (478 species, four natural hybrids and two subspecies). Of these, 422 are considered native to Austria (including archaeophytes), 34 are established neophytes (only detected in Austria after 1492) and 28 are considered to be casuals (not permanently established). Forty species are listed as being under threat in Austria according to Red List categories "Endangered" and "Vulnerable". The discovery of the Habitats Directive species Klasea lycopifolia, which grows in three meadows in the Schlosspark Laxenburg, is an exceptional find. For this species, the province of Lower Austria holds the entire responsibility for its conservation in Austria, as the only other four known localities of this species in Austria are also found in this federal state. We consider a wet meadow in the northeast of the Schlosspark to be particularly valuable, as 13 Red List plant species were recorded here (including Allium angulosum, Lythrum virgatum, Teucrium scordium, Thalictrum flavum and Viola pumila).
We discuss the importance of the Habsburg Empire in preserving species that are rare in Austria and highlight suggestions for Schlossparks in Austria to increase the knowledge of the plants present there, and their conservation
Deforestation-free trade: the impact of border regulations on trade, production and land use in the forestry and agricultural sectors
No full textTrade regulations on high-deforestation commodities are increasingly used to curb tropical deforestation. To evaluate their actual impact, this paper analyzes trade regulations on high-deforestation commodities under three scenarios: two based on EU measures and one exploring a globally coordinated implementation of import regulations on countries with High Deforestation Risk (HDR). We use a policy assessment framework based on MAGNET, a global general equilibrium model, to analyze the impact on trade, production and land use change. Our results indicate that EU-only measures can substantially reduce HDR imports into the EU, but the global impact remains limited given the EU’s modest share of world demand for products from countries with HDR. By contrast, a globally coordinated regulation targeting HDR countries would expand forest land in these countries and substantially reduce their production and trade, while shifting these activities to other parts of the world
Policy Implementation Challenges of UNESCO's Man and the Biosphere Program, Illustrated by Science–Society Interactions in 18 Mountain Biosphere Reserves
No full textMountain regions are increasingly vulnerable to the converging global crises of climate change, biodiversity loss, and land degradation. These socioecological challenges demand not only incremental adaptation but also broader societal transformation processes, including in knowledge production. Science–society interactions (SSIs) are increasingly recognized as a promising pathway toward the coproduction of context-specific, actionable knowledge that can support such transformations. In recent years, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization's (UNESCO's) Man and the Biosphere (MAB) program has positioned its biosphere reserves (BRs), most of which are in mountain regions, as model sites for sustainability transformations and for advancing SSIs. However, despite a strong emphasis on SSIs in MAB policy directives, little is known about whether and how these have been implemented in practice. This paper investigates the policy implementation gaps between the aims of the MAB program and reality on the ground, based on qualitative content analysis of periodic review reports from 18 mountain BRs across Africa, Australia, Europe, and North America and 14 semistructured interviews with BR representatives. Findings reveal that SSIs in mountain BRs remain predominantly ecology-focused, characterized by one-way, short-term information transfer, with limited involvement of local actors or incorporation of nonacademic knowledge. Main challenges to the international policy goals include resource and capacity constraints, weak institutional anchoring, fragmented governance, and sociopolitical resistance. Although participatory approaches are widely valued, their practical execution remains challenging. The results underscore the need for context-sensitive policy frameworks, increased resources, and capacity-building to strengthen mountain BRs as model regions for SSIs and sustainability transformations
Scripts and Data for analysis and figures in "Closing decent living gaps in energy and emissions scenarios: introducing DESIRE"
No full textIntegrated assessment of the costs and benefits of reactive nitrogen emission and mitigation: a methodological review and framework proposal
No full textReactive nitrogen (Nr) emissions represent one of the most pressing challenges at the interface of environment, human health, and climate, yet their assessment remains methodologically fragmented and geographically uneven. This review synthesizes 398 studies from environmental science, environmental economics, agricultural systems, epidemiology, and ecosystem ecology published between 2000 and 2025 to evaluate the costs and benefits of nitrogen emissions and mitigation strategies. The methodological approaches discussed include emission inventories, cost-benefit analysis, and integrated assessment models that connect environmental and economic outcomes. We found that despite progress achieved through expanding global and regional studies, significant fragmentation persists in nitrogen assessment approaches, limiting the potential to provide generalizable insights and coherent policy recommendations. Moreover, comprehensive cost-benefit assessments of nitrogen management are often underdeveloped, with significant uncertainties and a lack of integration across environmental, economic, and societal dimensions. Building on this analysis, we propose an integrated nitrogen assessment framework (INAF) that systematically connects emission quantification, impact evaluation, mitigation cost and benefit analysis. This framework provides a pathway toward more comprehensive, transparent, and policy-relevant assessments. Our findings emphasize the urgent need for harmonized methodologies, cross-scale integration, and stronger interdisciplinary collaboration. By identifying knowledge gaps and outlining future directions, this review aims to accelerate the development of robust and actionable strategies for sustainable nitrogen management
Global carbon emissions and decarbonization in 2024
No full textGlobal CO2 emissions in 2024 increased 0.9% on the previous year, totalling 36.3 Gt CO2. These ongoing emissions further deplete remaining carbon budgets, with some estimates suggesting the 1.5 °C budget will be surpassed within the next 5 years — and may have been already.
Key points
* Global emissions averaged 99.3 Mt CO2 per day, with the largest growth coming from India and Russia, and a slight reduction from China.
* Global non-fossil energy development grew 6.2%, corresponding to an estimated 9.8 Gt CO2 of Scope 4 (that is, avoided) emissions in 2024.
* 0–205 Gt CO2 remains of the carbon budget to limit warming to 1.5 °C, suggesting permissible emissions have already been exceeded or could be depleted within 5.1 years; 860–955 Gt CO2 remains of the 2 °C budget, which could be depleted within 21.3–23.7 years (at 67% likelihood)