Jurnal Psikologi
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Applying Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy to Help Survivors of Dating Violence: A Pilot Study
Get PDFResearch from National Commission on Elimination of Violence against Women found that dating violence was ranked second after domestic violence in terms of number of cases reported in 2018 in Indonesia. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) was one of the consequences that dating violence survivors experienced. Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) had been proven effective to treat PTSD in intimate partner violence survivors. However, there was no prior research publication investigating the effectiveness of CBT for dating violence survivors in Indonesia. This research aimed to apply CBT to help treating PTSD symptoms in women with dating violence experiences. CBT was delivered individually for six sessions to four participants. This research used mixed-method design with quantitative and qualitative data collection and data analysis components. PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 was used to measure PTSD symptoms at pre- and post-treatment. The results showed that all participants had reduction in PTSD symptoms at post-treatment. However, two participants still met the criteria for PTSD because their post-treatment scores were still above remission cut-off scores. Future research can focus on helping survivors to gain resiliency, psychological well-being, self-esteem and regaining meaning of life back after having dating violence experiences
The Role of Dispositional Optimism, Upward and Downward Counterfactual Thinking towards Student Persistence in Joining Competitions
Get PDFPersistence is a key element contributing to college students’ success in an academic competition. We argue that dispositional optimism, and upward and downward counterfactual thinking have influence in determining individuals’ persistence. This cross-sectional study aimed to examine the role of dispositional optimism, upward and downward counterfactual thinking among persistence of student participants in university competitions. It employed quantitative methods and data were collected through the use of Dispositional Optimism Scale, Counterfactual Thinking Scale, and Persistence Scale. College students (N=204) who have competed in university competitions were recruited using a non-probability sampling method. Multiple regression assisted the data analysis process. Result showed that both dispositional optimism and upward counterfactual thinking simultaneously predicted students’ persistence. However, downward counterfactual thinking was unable to predict the students’ persistence. The research suggests that student competitors should enhance their optimism by developing positive thoughts concerning future competitions, as well as forming upward counterfactual thinking in subsequent competitions
Extended Intergroup Contact and Outgroup Attitude of Students in Public and Religious Homogeneous Schools: Understanding the Mediating Role of Ingroup Norms, Outgroup Norms, and Intergroup Anxiety
Get PDFPrevious studies had shown the benefits of extended intergroup contact for outgroup attitude, mainly when direct intergroup contact is blocked. However, there have not studies that attempt to directly compare the role of extended contact in outgroup attitude across different contexts. The present study aimed to fill the gap by examining the relationship of extended intergroup contact and outgroup attitude in three different contexts: public schools, moderate Islamic Boarding School, and fundamentalist Islamic Boarding School. These schools differ in the level of group heterogeneity. Possible mechanisms that could explain the relationship were also examined: ingroup norms, outgroup norms, and intergroup anxiety. Two correlational studies were conducted to test the hypotheses—study 1 employed 126 Muslim public high school students employed as participants, study 2 employed 112 participants from a more fundamentalist Islamic Boarding School and 230 participants from a more moderate Islamic Boarding Schools. Across studies, we found evidence that extended intergroup contact indirectly predicted outgroup attitude. However, different social contexts involve different mechanisms. This difference is attributed to direct intergroup contact
Understanding the Importance of Sexual Consent among University Students
Get PDFThe knowledge about how young people understand sexual consent remains scant. This study aimed to understand how the university students perceived sexual consent and the importance of consent before engaging in sexual related activities with a partner. Using explanatory sequential mixed method approach, an in-depth interview was conducted to five participants following administration of survey questionnaire to obtain a general view on the issues around sexual consent. 102 active university students at the age between 18-25 years old participated in this study. The result of the questionnaire-survey was analysed with descriptive analysis and the in-depth interview data were transcribed and were analysed using the Interpretative Phenomenology Analysis (IPA). Integration of data was done to find pattern and relation between quantitative and qualitative data. Findings from this study suggest that young people, both young men and women, perceived sexual consent as important and, therefore, should be obtained before engaging in any sexual contact. While gesture and direct communication were the common techniques on communicating consent between genders, there were still difficulties in conveying the message of consent because of the subjective feeling and norms of the society
The Content Analysis of Rorschach in Attesting the Sex Offenders
Get PDFThe Rorschach test is one of the psychological tests widely used in various assessment settings, including in studies related to sexual offenses. However, such research is scarce, although the level of sexual violence in Indonesia increases yearly. Sexual violence is often associated with the sexual drives that humans have in themselves. In this case, Rorschach can provide an overview of the individual's drives, ideas, and social relationships. The current study aims to find the personality profiles of sex offenders. Therefore, this study collected Rorschach data from 46 male sex offenders over 11 years in Depok City, Indonesia. Based on content analysis, this study found several prominent characteristics of sex offenders, such as exhibited difficulties in adaptation due to low intellectual capacity, poor emotional regulation, and empathy that other causes difficulty to build strong relationships with others. They also suppress sexual urges, but they were more likely to express it impulsively with low intellectual capacity and emotional regulation. These various personality characteristics possessed by sex offenders will undoubtedly impact the intervention process they go through to gain insight from their experience. The results are expected to be an input for developing interventions for sex offenders not to repeat their actions in the future
Making Meaning of Religious Values in Preventing a Fatal Suicide Act of a Bisexual Youth with Borderline Personality Disorder: A Qualitative Study
Get PDFMale adolescents of sexual minority groups often present mental health problems and suicidal behaviors. This qualitative study was conducted to explore how a bisexual youth with borderline personality disorder and multiple suicide attempts coped with his intention to die. Analysis was done using the Grounded Theory approach resulted in several themes. First, the pathway to suicidal behaviors; depicting the conflict between parents and the history of mother’s suicide attempts made him felt disconnected with the family. Second, the feeling of not deserving loved although having the need to be loved and to love. Third, the ambivalence of his sexual orientations as he had strong desire to be with a man yet felt happy dating a girl. Fourth, the interpretation of religious values for preventing fatal suicidal act. He perceived that his suicide attempts failed because God wants him to stay alive. The discussion addresses the aspect of religiosity that obstructs suicidal behaviors in bisexual youth
The Role of Parenting Style to the Feeling of Adequately Heard and Subjective Well-Being in Perpetrators and Bullying Victims
Get PDFThis study aimed to explain the contribution of parenting styles on children’s perception of being adequately heard by parents and their subjective well-being across three bullying groups (perpetrators, victims, and uninvolved). Participants (N = 1,294; 54.8% girls; 45.2% boys) were elementary school (47.3%) and junior high school students (52.7%) in Bandung City. Parenting styles were measured using Egna Minnen Beträffande Uppfostran for Children. Subjective well-being was measured using the Children's Worlds Subjective Well-Being Scale. Being adequately heard by parents was measured using the Children's Worlds measure. Data were analysed using linear regression and descriptive analysis. Parenting styles contributed significantly to children’s perception of being heard by parents and their subjective well-being. Parenting styles contributed differently across the three groups and genders. The uninvolved perceived that their parents were warm. The perpetrators perceived their parents as rejective. The victims perceived their parents as overprotective. The perpetrators displayed the lowest SWB score, while the uninvolved displayed the highest SWB score. Warm mothers showed a significant positive effect on children’s SWB and perception that they were adequately heard. Overprotective fathers showed a significant positive effect on children’s SWB because father was perceived as the family's head who protects their children. It is suggested that parents should practice warm rearing to prevent children’s involvement in bullyin
Quality of Life as A Predictor of Happiness and Life Satisfaction
Get PDFThis study aimed to find correlations between the quality of life, happiness, and life satisfaction of the general population of Bandung city. There were 370 participants with averageage of 20.7 years, mostly male (55.7%) and with a secondary level of education (SMP-SMA; 57.0%) who completed three questionnaires: (i) WHOQOL-BREF to measure quality of life, (ii) Happiness Thermometer to measure happiness, and (iii) Self-Anchoring Cantril Striving Scale to measure life satisfaction. Multiple linear regression tests were used with happiness and life satisfaction as dependent variables and quality of life as an independent variable. The results showed that the psychological and physical domains of quality of life were significant predictors of happiness and satisfaction of life, where the psychological domain proved significant in predicting all four-time points: happiness today (β=0.039; p<0.05), happiness throughout life (β=0.043; p<0.05), current life satisfaction (β=0.034; p<0.05) and life satisfaction five years from now (β=0.017; p<0.05). Physical domain was similar to psychological except for current life satisfaction (β=0.029; 0.023; 0.014; p<0.05). The environmental domain had been shown to predict happiness throughout life significantly (β=0.019; p<0.05) and life satisfaction five years from now (β=-0.015; p<0.05). The social domain was not found to be a significant predictor. It can be concluded that improving the psychological and physical function of Indonesian people and their environmental conditions will lead them to a happier and more satisfying life
Should I Trust Social Media? How Media Credibility and Language Affect False Memory
Get PDFThis study examined the influence of credibility and .language in Internet-based media on false memory. A randomized factorial 2 (media credibility) × 2 (language) experimental design was conducted with 106 college students. The two groups of media credibility consisted of social media (LINE) and non-social media (detik.com), while media language consisted of formal and informal language. A confidence test was used to measure false memory. A two-factor ANOVA showed that media credibility significantly affects false memory. Participants in the detik.com group were more confident in the information received and had greater false memory than the LINE group. However, no significant effect of language was found, and no significant interaction effect between media credibility and language on false memory was found. This study suggests that individuals should be cautious when reading information on non-social media platforms, as individuals tend to place more confidence on the source, leading to greater false memory
Development of Face Recognition Software to Differentiate Autism Spectrum Disorder from Typical Adolescents
Get PDFThe purpose of this research was two folds: (1) to establish the face recognition software; and (2) to differentiate the ability in face recognition between Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) from typical adolescents. The subjects were adolescents between 10-16 years old. The experimental group consisted of 31 adolescents with ASD, the control group consisted of 32 typical adolescents. Research was done using experimental method, with face recognition software. Data collected were the number of correct faces recognized and the time needed to recognize and touch the face. The hypothesis was adolescents with ASD have worse face recognition ability compared to typical adolescents. Result showed that there were differences between ASD group compared to normal group both in the number of correct face recognitions and the time needed to choose a face with a finger touch. A one-way MANOVA revealed a significant multivariate main effect for type of groups toward the number of correct answers and time needed to answer, Wilks’ λ = 0.739, F (2,60) = 10.610, p < 0.001. The univariate main effect were also examined, whereupon significant univariate main effect for type of groups were obtained for both the amount of correct answer, F (1,61) = 15.468 p < 0.001, and the amount of time needed to answer, F (1,61) = 21.360 p < 0.001