Seminar Nasional Teknik Kimia Kejuangan
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Pengaruh Penggunaan Arang Aktif Teraktivasi Fisika terhadap Desalinasi Air Payau Desa Kemudi Gresik
Get PDFKemudi village is one of the villages located in Gresik Regency is inhabited by people who live in pond farmers, this is because the Kemudi village is located in the middle of the pond. With this locations, it was found the problems of scarcity and limited freshwater resources which are utilized as clean water. Well water with high salinity levels as a result of the high content of Cl as salt and visual appearance of water that was yellow and murky, it made the well water in Kemudi village exceeded the standard quality Minister of Health Regulation No.32, 2017. One alternative for processing brackish water into freshwater is using activated carbon adsorbent method which physically activate with 400oC in furnace for 30 minutes. This study aimed to determine the appropriate contact temperature (30oC, 40oC, and 50oC) in adsorption process with contact for 60 minutes using activated carbon particle size of 60 mesh. From this research, the color of water became <0.2 TCU with 0 NTU turbidity, removed organic substances up to 0.42 mg/L, a total Fe of 0.088 mg/L and decreased of 9.31% Cl ion content
Pengaruh Pelarut Terhadap Persentase Kopolimerisasi Cangkok Asam Akrilat pada Khitin dengan Metode Iradiasi
Get PDFThe effect of solvent on the percentage of graft copolymerization of acrylic acid onto chitin by irradiation method has been carried out. The research aims to find out the optimum solvent composition to the increased swelling properties of chitin so that acrylic acid could carry in the active site of chitin. In this experiment, the trapped radical and peroxide graft copolymerization radiation method were employed. The influence of solvent compositions e.g., water-methanol, water-acetic acid, and methanol-acetic acid, and the grafting method that affected the degree of grafting have been studied. The result showed that the percentage of grafted chitin by pre-irradiation peroxide method is higher than the trapped radical method. The methanol-acetic acid in the composition of 7/3 was the best solvent for grafting of chitin, with the percentage of grafting was found 47.2 %
Karateristik Membran sPEEK-PVA- Cs-Asam Fosfotungstat untuk Sel Bahan Bakar Metanol
Get PDFDirect methanol fuel cells are the electrochemical conversion devices that convert chemical energy from methanol directly into electrical energy. The performance of methanol fuel cells, one of which is determined by the performance of the electrolyte membrane as a transport medium for protons and separators between the anode and cathode. Sulfonated polyethers ether ketone (sPEEK) has good mechanical, thermal and chemical stability and good proton conductivity properties. The combination of sPEEK and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) showed a high methanol resistance. The addition of filling material of cesium-phosphotungstic acid into the sPEEK-PVA membrane aims to improve the membrane\u27s performance. The membrane characterization on water uptake, swelling degree, ion exchange capacity and methanol permeability carried out by varying the amount of Cs-phosphotungtic acid in the sPEEK-PVA was studied membrane. The results show the value of water uptake in the range 33.3-70.9%, swelling degree in the range 7.5-10.5%, ion exchange capacity of 0.552-0.700 meqg-1 and permeability of methanol in the range 3.50-4,33x10-6 cm2/s. These results indicate that the sPEEK-Chitosan-Cs-phosphotungstic acid composite is a potential membrane as a proton exchange medium in fuel cells although further testing is still needed
Penentuan Swelling Factor dan Tekanan Tercampur Minimum untuk Penerapan Injeksi Gas Karbondioksida di Lapangan Minyak
Get PDFOil swelling and minimum miscibility pressure (MMP) are two important factors of carbondioxide (CO2) gas displacement mechanism occurred in the reservoir relate to application of CO2 injection in the field to enhance oil recovery. In this paper determination of swelling factor was conducted using PVT cell, where recombined fluid injected and conditionally at the reservoir temperature. While, determination of MMP between crude oil samples with carbondioxide gas conducted using three methods, i.e. empirical equation, correlation methods and laboratory experiment using slimtube. Based on the results of swelling test during injection CO2 gas processes until 46.82% mole, shows that bubble point pressure is increasing gradually from 410 Psig through 2200 Psig, and swelling factor was also increase from 1.0 through 1.442. The results of minimum miscibility pressure based on the empirical equation is 2807 Psig, correlations of Cronquist is 2301 Psig; Yellig & Metcalfe is 2490 Psig; Holm & Josendal is 2750 Psig, otherwise based on the laboratory measurement using slimtube is 2800 Psig. Determination of MMP using Holm & Josendal correlation is more approximate to the result of laboratory analysis. Furthermore, based on the value of fracture pressure of Layer F is 2200 Psig and MMP is 2800 Psig, hence the application of CO2 gas injection in the field only could be conducted as immiscible flooding
Asetalisasi Gliserol Produk Samping Industri Biodiesel Menjadi Solketal Menggunakan Katalis Amberlyst-15
Get PDFThe government’s made a mandatory program to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by encourages the growth of biodiesel production. On the other side, the production of biodiesel has a by-product: glycerol. To improve the economics of the biodiesel production, it’s desirable to convert glycerol into value products: solketal, oxygenated fuel additives. Solketal can be used to reduce the particulate emission, improve cold flow properties etc. Solketal produced from acetalization of glycerol with acetone was conducted over a heterogeneous acid catalyst, Amberlyst-15, in a batch reactor. Acetalization crude glycerol for producing solketal with parameters: temperature and reaction time. The results indicated that at catalyst concentration 1%, the optimum condition in this acetalization: reaction temperature is 60°C and 90 minutes which have a conversion value of 51,90%. When compared to another glycerol, the higher conversion was obtained with pure ones which has a conversion value of 55,67%. Crude glycerol has low conversion because of its impurities, these are: water, sodium chloride and methanol in different amounts
Study of Malachite Green Adsorption using Tannin-Based Adsorbent (TBA) from Mangrove Bark (Rhizophora mucronata)
Get PDFThe growing of industrial activity causes side effects in the form of environmental pollution. One of the causes of environmental pollution is the content of Malachite Green (MG) in wastewater. When consumed, water consists of high MG levels can cause health problems, such as immune system disorders, cancer triggers, and DNA damage, so it is necessary to reduce MG levels before being discharged into the environment. Adsorption is one method to reduce MG levels. One of the raw materials for making adsorbents is mangrove bark, because it contains 20-30% crude tannin, by changing it to Tannin Based Adsorbent (TBA). This study aimed to study the MG waste adsorption using TBA from mangrove bark. In this research, tannin was obtained by extraction using Microwave Assisted Extraction (MAE) method, then it was modified to TBA through a polymerization process using formaldehyde. Analysis using FTIR Spectrophotometer was conducted to confirm the functional groups of TBA and standard tannin. After that the adsorption process is carried out by varying the ratio of the adsorbent mass : waste volume, temperature and adsorption time. MG content analysis was performed using a UV-VIS Spectrophotometer. SEM analysis was done to observe the surface of TBA before and after the adsorption process. The results showed that the highest percent MG removal was achieved at an adsorbent mass ratio: MG volume of 1: 100 gram / mL, adsorption temperature of 60ºC, and adsorption time of 120 minutes
Desalinasi Air Payau Desa Kemudi Gresik Menggunakan Adsorben Zeolit Teraktivasi
Get PDFThe availability of clean water was the main focus in areas with land topography of 2 m above sea level, such as in the Kemudi village of Duduk Sampeyan District, Gresik. Salinity that reached 30.11 g / L made the water in this village included in brackish water. Adsorption was known to reduce the value of water salinity so that the water could be used by residents. In this study physically activated zeolite adsorbents at 400oC were used. Zeolites were able to absorb salts in water, so salinity of brackish water could be lower. The adsorption process used temperature variants of 30 ° C, 40 ° C and 50 ° C with a particle size of 250 microns (60 mesh). From the results of the experiment, it could be concluded that the brackish water adoption using zeolite both activated and non-activated could reduce salinity and Cl-levels. Activated zeolite can reduce Cl-levels higher than non-activated one
Coal Gasification and Coal Microscopic Characteristics in Tanjung Baru, Lahat Regency, South Sumatera
Get PDFThe location of research is located in the Tanjung Baru Area, Lahat Regency, South Sumatera. The Geological setting of the Tanjung Baru Area in the South Sumatra Basin is included in the Muara Enim Formation the age is Middle Miocene to Late Miocene. Coal in the Tanjung Baru Area, has a calorific value of 5089-5321 Kcal / kg and is rank High in Bituminous Volatile C-High Volatile Bituminous B according to the ASTM classification. Average quality (proximate test) of Muara Enim Formation coal: total sulphur 0.36-1.49% (adb); 1.28-2,5% ash (adb); inherent moisture 9-11% (adb); volatile matter 38.7-42.4% (adb); fixed carbon 45.5-47.9% (adb), total moisture 28.1-28.8% (Ar); relative density 1.28. Coal Charactersitics of Coal Tanjung Baru the macerals average are vitrinite (92,4% vol.); liptinite (2.9% vol.); inertinite (5,7% vol.). Each macerals or group macerals has different physical and chemical properties. The variation of composition microscopy showed the changes of plant communities or coal facies leading to varies of coal quality, with a average vitrinite reflectance value 0.47-0.58, generally the coal rank is subbituminous-bituminous. Coal gasification is the process of converting coal into synthesis gas. One of the gas produced is a flammable methane gas. Gasification is raw fuel, in this case coal is partially oxidized to produce a product called combustible gas. The main product from the gasification product is synthesis gas or syngas, consisting of Carbon Monoxide (CO), Hydrogen (H2), Methane (CH4), Carbon Dioxide (CO2) and Nitrogen (N2)
Pengaruh pH Umpan dan Rasio COD/H2O2 terhadap Penurunan COD pada Limbah Cair Rumah Sakit Melalui Metode Fenton
Get PDFHospital wastewater is accumulative wastewater originating from hospital activities, both medical and non-medical. This hospital wastewater has a high enough COD level of 580.65 ppm so it needs to be treated so as not to pollute the environment because the hospital wastewater quality standard that can be discharged is 80 ppm. The Fenton reaction is one of the advanced oxidation processes (AOP) methods that have been widely applied for the treatment of wastewater containing organic pollutants and contaminants. This method utilizes hydroxyl radicals (OH*) produced from the reaction of H2O2 with the catalyst Fe2+ or Fe3+. Hospital wastewater treatment is carried out to determine the ability of the method of Fenton in reducing levels of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and determining conditions. optimum for hospital wastewater treatment using the Fenton method. The parameters that are considered to affect the Fenton process are the COD / H2O2 ratio, and pH. From the results of the research conducted showed that the optimum conditions in this Fenton process are at pH 3 and the COD / H2O2 ratio is 10 (g / g) where the reduction in efficiency decreases in COD levels to 55.07%
Studi Awal Meningkatkan Nilai Tambah Batubara Halus dengan Gasifikasi
Get PDFIn Indonesia, coal is one of the abundant energy sources. During the process of supplying coal, fine coal accumulated around the belt conveyor in the mining area. The fine coal has no economic value. Normally the fine coal be returned to cover some mining areas to avoid enviromental problem. An idea was suggessted to take benefit from the fine coal by utilization. In this paper, it will be described the utilization of fine coal as a synthetic gas or syngas produced from gassification. The fine coal was used in this study came from a coal mining area in South Sumatra. The experiment was carried out using an upright column. Inside the column, coal was placed at a position then air and steam were passed from under the column to fluidize the coal. The results showed that the reactor worked at temperature of 550oC and steam temperature of 300oC, and gas was produced