Seminar Nasional Teknik Kimia Kejuangan
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Proses Inaktivasi Enzim Gaultherase Melalui Mixed-Drying Extraction untuk Pengambilan Gaultherin Sebagai Antikanker
Get PDFResearch destination is to determine the production process of gaultherin from gandapura in optimum manner through gaultherase enzyme inactivation techniques with mixed-drying extraction technology. Research activities include: gaultherin productivity studies and optimization of process parameters. Efforts to improve gaultherin productivity including the effect of addition of drying agent (magnesium sulfate, sodium sulfate, calcium chloride, and calcium sulfate). Optimization study was conducted using a factorial design 2n. Determination of influential variables by using normal probability plots, after the calculation of the main effects and interaction calculations. During the process, measure the content of gaultherin, methyl salicylate, salicylic acid using a spectrophotometer or HPLC-MS. The results show that increasing the concentration of drying agent and ethanol causes greater gaultherin acquisition, especially with the addition of calcium chloride. Results stated that the variable of mixed-drying process extraction for enzyme inactivation of gaultherase which most influential is the pH and concentration of alcohol. The greater pH of extraction, will enhance the result of the active compound gaultherin. The greater solvent concentration, gaultherin that extracted increasing. Optimum Gaultherin production achieved at a concentration 90% of ethanol with the acquisition of active compound 13.10%
Ekstraksi Daun Mimba (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) dengan Pelarut Etanol
Get PDFMimba or Azadirachta Indica A juss, is a kind of plant that can be utilized as material of nature pesticide and medicine. Parts of the mimba plant that often be utilized are its seed and leaf. This research aims to find out the influence of extraction temperature and ratio of solvent to feed to the yield. The obtained concentration of the mimba leaf extract can be used to determine the mass transfer coefficient. The extraction process was performed using three neck flask with a mixer and ethanol 96% as a solvent. At the beginning, the mimba leafs with -30+80 mesh was feed into the flask that containing amount of solvent and an overhead stirrer with 350 rpm. Ratio of solvent to feed was varied as well as temperature. To study the influence of temperature, time for extraction process was limited of one hour. However, to observe the influence of ratio of solvent to feed, the process was running untill the mimba leaf extract was constant. Within the process, periodically the extract was drawn out. Finally, The extract was observed using a spectrometer. Based on the results, the extraction of mimba leaf at 70oC on the ratio of solvent to mimba leaf of 35 ml : 1gram will result mimba leaf extracted of 7,41% and mass transfer coefficient of 4,27.10-5 (g extract /minute.mm2
Pengolahan Limbah Plastik Kemasan Multilayer Ldpe (Low Density Poly Ethilene) dengan Menggunakan Metode Pirolisis Microwave
Get PDFIncreased energy consumption and waste generation are two problems that rise due to economic and population growth. To overcome the problem, especially plastic waste, environmental experts and scientists from various disciplines have conducted various studies and actions. One way is to degrade the Low Density Polyethylene plastic waste multilayer packaging by microwave pyrolysis. The purpose is to determine the effect of temperature and time when degrading the LDPE plastics waste by microwave pyrolysis. The processes done with operating condition of pressure at 1 atm and nitrogen flowed at 0.5 L / min in glass reactor. Samples are used as much as 60 grams of LDPE plastics. The sample is heated to a temperature of 250, 350, and 500°C it’s maintained at variable time for 10, 30, and 60 minutes. Liquid products were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), non-condensable gas was analyzed by gas chromatography (GC), raw material samples were analyzed using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and calculating the yield of liquid products, solid and concentration of gas. From the experimental results are obtained that microwave pyrolysis best operating conditions is at 500oC of 60 minutes with 4.67% yield of solid, 23.65% liquid, and concentration of CH4 30.41%
Pemanfaatan Umbi Gadung Beracun (Dioscorea hispida) sebagai Bahan Baku Pembuatan Bioetanol untuk Bahan Bakar Kompor Rumah Tangga: Perancangan Distilasi Satu Tahap
Get PDFGadung (Dioscorea hispida) containing toxins can be utilized as a liquid fuel for household stoves or technical grade bioethanol. The technical grade bioethanol can be manufactured by using distillation tools. In this research, bioethanol was made from gadung starch). From the hydrolysis process, 7.85-10.48% glucose was produce and the fermentation process, 5-8.5 % crude ethanol. Furthermore, 1-stage distillation tools were designed to purify the crude ethanol product. Bioethanol produced from distillation tools 80%, corresponding to the technical specifications desired. Design of 1-stage distillation tools has completed, include the shape and dimensions of the tools, i.e. the main condenser, cylinder-shaped, dimensions of diameter is 32cm and height is 45cm, cylinder-shaped feeder tank/boiler, small scale volume of 5L. At distillation column, the diameter is 9cm and length is 121cm. Column is filled with ceramic or glass type packing inside. Column equipped with thermometer to measure the temperature of ethanol-water vapo
Co-Pyrolysis Characteristics of Indonesia Low Rank Coal and Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch
Get PDFCo-pyrolysis behaviors of Indonesia low rank coal and oil palm empty fruit bunch were studied in a droptubed reactor under nitrogen atmosphere. The pyrolysis temperatures were 300 oC, 400 oC, 500 oC, 600 oC and 700 oC, respectively. Five differents biomass ratios (coal/oil palm empthy fruit bunch (w/w): 100/0, 75/25, 50/50, 25/75, 0/100) were used. Gas and tar components were analyzed by a gas chromatograph and a gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, respectively. Under co-pyrolysis conditions, the gas volume yields are lower than the calculated values and H2 content in the gas phase was higher. The changes of gas yield and components are probably caused by the secondary reactions and tar decomposition.Co-pyrolysis tar contains more acid and ester compounds. The addition of biomass changes the atmosphere during the pyrolysis process and promotes tar decomposition. The results of char yields were higher than the calculated values during co-pyrolysis
Peningkatan Mutu Simpan Buah dengan Coating Film Komposit Tapioka-Kitosan
Get PDFIn the tropics, damage of fruit after harvest is a major problem that must be solved. This damage is usually caused by metabolic activity in progress at the fruit. If the respiration process involving oxygen from the environment is not controlled then it will accelerate maturity and decay of the fruit. Besides that, horticulture very risky contaminated by fungi and microbes. The results of the analysis of Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) showed that the mixing of chitosan and starch solution can produce a homogeneous film due to the interaction between the hydroxyl groups of starch and the amine groups of chitosan. Application of coating films on strawberries for the shelf life of 10 days was found that the lowest weight loss occurs in pure films of the high molecular weight chitosan (± 200 kDa), whereas the composite films of chitosan and starch which produces the lowest weight loss is the medium molecular weight chitosan (± 100 kDa). The low molecular weight chitosan (± 50 kDa) have the best antimicrobial activity. The addition of tapioca can reduce the antimicrobial activity of chitosan films
Pengolahan Batubara dan Pemanfaatannya untuk Energi
Get PDFoai:jurnal.upnyk.ac.id:article/389The processing of coal has conducted to removing impurities in coal. Stages remove impurities in coal that is preparation, concentration and dewatering. Preparation is reduction size of coal, concentration to remove of impurities, while dewatering to reduce of water content in coal after concentration process. Result ofcoal processing will use to energy as well as direct andconversion fuel. The development of Indonesian coal industry on lastyears have increased be in accordance with growth of economic. In the future coal is utilization as an energy source that it will increase especially as a direct and conversion fuel. Direct coal fuel can use to power generation, cement factory, home industry and domestic. In the other hand coal conversion fuel is convertedinto oil or liquefied coal, gas and carbonization
Time Estimation of Onion Leaf Drying
Get PDFThe main process of the onion post harvest treatment is drying proces. High moisture content of onion leaf and outer layer of onion must be reduced up to moisture content 12% or below (wet basis). This level keeps onion being still fresh. The conventional drying with direct sunlight still has been widely used because of the cheap process. However, this technique needs too long drying time as well as climate dependency. This research evaluated convective dryer for onion leaf drying. The mass transfer coefficient, and moisture diffusivity was estimated to predict effective drying time. Results show that the drying time was shorter as the temperature and air velocity increased. For example, at 60oC and air velocity 0.5 m.s-1, the drying time was about 19 hours. The drying time can be can be 5hours shorter at higher air velocity. In addition,with increase of air velocity, the drying time can be also speeded up, significantly. Here, the air temperature must be kept at maximally 60oC in order to avoid onion degradation. Therefore, the increase of air velocity is a good option to shorten drying time and retain the quality
Pengaruh Penambahan MgO dan SiO2 Serta Suhu Sintering Terhadap Sifat Fisis dan Mekanis Komposit Keramik α–Alumina
Get PDFHigh mechanical properties of Alumina ceramic composites for armor materials have been developed using the additives SiO2and MgO. The percentage of additive MgO were 0,8 wt.%; 1 wt.%; 1,2 wt.% and the percentage of SiO2 was 1 wt.% in each composition of MgO. Various temperature sintering used in this research were 1500, 1550, and 1600oC. The powders were prepared by using wet milling method and ethanol used as a solution in a plenetary ball mill. The green body was pressed at 12 metric ton of pressure. The shrinkage, density, porosity, hardness and fracture toughnes of the sintered pellets were measured, and the microstructure of fractures pellets was observed by SEM. This research found that the optimum parameter obtained by adding SiO2 and MgO at sintering temperature 1600oC
Pembuatan Surfaktan Di Alkil Karbohidrat dari Alga
Get PDFSurfactant (surface active agent) has capability todecrease surface tension, interfacial tension and increase emulsion stability. Most of surfactant used in industry is produced from petroleum based. As petroleumis limited resources, the development of surfactant using renewable resources is more needed. Macro algae containrich of polysaccharides such as agarose, carrageenans, and alginates. Some research has been done to study the production of new bio surfactant through the reaction of these polysaccharides with alcohol and lipid acid to promote high hydrophobic and hydrophilic site. Thispaper compared the production and the characterization of new biosurfactant, di-alkyl carbohydrate, from various macro algae such as brown algae (Sargasum sp), red algae (Euchema cottonii),and green algae. The main process was the extraction of polysaccharides at temperature of 80˚C, followed by esterification. Result indicated that all surfactant produced could create oil inwater emulsion system. Interfacial Tension tests were found in therange of 0,8 to 3,96 dyne/cm with surfactant concentration 1-2,5% respectively. Fourier Transfer Infrared analysis has indicated that the product contain ester bond which lead to surfactant formation