Seminar Nasional Teknik Kimia Kejuangan
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Sintesis Karbon Aktif dari Kulit Salak dengan Aktivasi H3PO4 sebagai Adsorben Larutan Zat Warna Metilen Biru
Get PDFActivated carbons have been prepared from salacca peels by chemical activation with phosphoric acid (H3PO4). Salacca peels were firstly impregnated at a fixed salacca peel to phosphoric acid ratio of 1:4 and fixed phosphoric acid concentration of 20 %-w. The impregnated salacca peel were then carbonized in an electrical furnace at temperature of 600 °C in inert condition. Macroporous activated carbons with a high surface area of 691,59 m2/g were obtained. The produced activated carbon the is taken for about 0,025 g to adsorb methylene blue (MB) from 250 mL of aqueous phase with various initial concentration of 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 ppm. Based on the adsorption of dye, it can be concluded that the adsorption of the MB obeys the Langmuir adsorption isotherm, with adsorption capacity of 256,41 mg solute/ g activated carbon. Based adsorption studies, based on the assumption of a pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order or intraparticle diffusion mechanism, showed that the kinetic data followed closely a pseudo-second-order rather than a pseudo-first-order mechanism. Experimental results showed that salacca peels seems to be an alternative precursor for commercial activated carbon
Ekstraksi Tannin dari Daun Tanaman Putri Malu (Mimosa pudica)
Get PDFPutri malu(mimosa pudica) as a wild plant which has a tannin that useful to be a natural dye. To take the tannin from putri malu’s leaf, the extraction method with organic solvent can be used. The purpose of this research is to determine the initial concentration of putri malu. Before doing the extraction, the putri malu’s leaf must be dried first to reduce water in the leaf. Then, 5 mg putri malu’s leafis soaked in 350 mL ethanol 96% with variations of time and heated at constant temperature. After the extraction,analysis by spectrophotometry is used to get the tannin’s concentration dissolved in ethanol. After submersion, for 30 minutes the tannin’s concentration is 31,7 ppm, 60 minutes 31,9 ppm, 90 minutes 31,23 ppm, and 120 minutes 30,93 ppm. Based on the mathematic modeling, initially concentration is 32,1688 ppm
The Pre-chromatography Purification of Crude Oleoresin of Phaleria Macrocarpa Fruit Extracts by Using 70%-v/v Ethanol
Get PDFPhaleria macrocarpa is a native Indonesian plant which originated from Papua. The fruit posseses a high efficacy for health benefits due to the abundant content of antioxidant compounds, such as flavonoids, tanins, alkaloids, terpenoids and saponins. This research objective was to separate the various bioactive compounds in the extract (crude oleoresin) of the Phaleria macrocarpa fruit into several fractions, prior to a HPLC fraction collector, by using several selective solvents. The separation process utilized a liquid-liquid extraction method by an oscillation equipment for 1-2 hours. The extractions were carried out using F : S ratio of 1:1, at room temperature with 70%-v/v ethanol. The crude extract of each extract and raffinate was analyzed quantitatively. The quantitative analysis methods used were Obadoni and Ochuko for saponins test, n-hekxane separation for terpenoids test, and aluminium ion for flavonoids test. Folin-Ciocalteu and Sreevidya and Mehrotra methods were utilized for tannins and alkaloids tests, respectively. Meanwhile, the antioxidant activity was measured by DPPH method. The experimental results showed that the hexane fraction (first partition) was able to extract the resin component and selective enough to extract terpenoid groups (steroids) with Kd = 9.5960. The second partition, using chloroform solvent was not successful because of all the phytochemical components were evenly distributed in both fractions. Meanwhile, n-butanol fraction (third partition) selectively extract a large amount of flavonoid groups with Kd = 5.4880 but none of saponin was detected in this fraction. Flavonoid groups was found as the dominant component in the fruit extract contributed to the high antioxidant activity
Subcritical Water Extraction of Essential Oils from Indonesia Basil (Kemangi) Leaf: Effects of Temperature and Extraction Time on Yield and Product Composition
Get PDFThis study investigated the extraction of essential oils from Indonesia basil (kemangi) leaf which have a potential antibacterial agent using subcritical water. Effects of temperature and extraction time on yield and product composition of basil oil obtained were study systematically. In this work, experiments were performed in a tubular stainless steel reactor at temperature from 150oC to 215oC for 1 to 9 h of extraction at a certain pressure (P= 40 bar)used fresh basil leaf. The yield and product composition of basil oils obtained were affected by temperature and extraction time. The yield of basil oil increased with increasing extraction time. However, yield of basil oil decreased from 1.41% to 1.2% with increasing temperature from 200oC to 215oC for 9 h of extraction time. The composition of essential oils obtained were varied depending on the temperature of extraction. Components in the basil oil which have an antibactial agent such as 1,8 Cineole, Tricosane and Eugenol were identified using subcritical water at temperature 200oC
Sistem Integrasi Koagulasi dan Adsorpsi dalam Reduksi Logam Berat (Cr6+ dan Cu2+) pada Limbah Cair Industri Tekstil
Get PDFThe activated sludge method is the mostly method used in textile industry wastewater treatment. This method can not eliminate the heavy metal ion, needs a huge area and skillfull operators. Therefore, this research will developed a physical and chemical integration method, i.e. coagulation method (with alum and FeSO4) and adsorption method (with activated fly ash). In this research we used an artificial wastewater contains metal salt solution of Cr(VI) and Cu(II). Fly ash adsorbent were made by carbonization at temperature 400oC and 600oC in 1 hour, and activated with 12M, 9M and 6M HCl and NaOH. The variable observed in the coagulation method was the mass ratio of alum : FeSO4 (1:0; 1:1; 0:1). The performance of the system was measured based on the concentration reduction of Cr(VI) and Cu(II) by spectrophotometry.The best adsorbent for Cr(VI) is fly ash which carbonized at 600°C and activated by 12 M HCl (49.48% reduction), while for Cu(II) is at 400°C and 12 M NaOH (91.16% reduction). The best coagulant for Cr(VI) is FeSO4 (28.21% reduction), while for Cu is a mixture of alum:FeSO4 (75.83% reduction). The integration of coagulation-adsorption process is suitable only for reducing ion Cu2+ (99.72%)
Pembuatan Biskuit dari Campuran Beras, Jagung, Tepung Tempe dan Implikasinya Terhadap Prediksi Kadaluwarsa
Get PDFMixed Foodstuff (BMC) with basic materials such as rice flour,corn flour, and tempeh flour contains high protein content. It may contribute to solving the problem of lack of calories of protein in Indonesia. The objective of this research is to study the effect of storage temperature of -20°C, 5°C, 26-27°C, and 35°C with the packaging of polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene (PE) to the expire date of BMC products. The benefit of this research is to contribute the determination of expire date to the food industries. The method used in this research consists of two stages, namely; the first stage was the preparation of raw material and the preparation of biscuit, and the second stages was the determination of expire date of BMC products based on integration and differential methods, respectively in order to determine the reaction order value and the reaction rate constant value. The result of the research shows that to produce BMC biscuit product that fulfills the Indonesian Standard of Quality (SNI), Polypropylene is better to use to package food productin the storage temperature of 26-27°C in which the expiry date that is obtained from the integration method is 176 days, and from the differential method is 267 days. Meanwhile, Polyethylene is better to use to package food product in the storage temperature of (-20)°C in which the expiry date that is obtained from the integration method is 831 days, and from the differential method is 483 days. The value of activation energy obtained in Polypropylene is 3078.69 cal/mol and in Polyethylene is 504.88 cal/mol. It concludes that Polyethylene has fast reaction rate of deterioration and short length of expiry date. In the storage temperature above 10°C, the integration method is better to use to determine the length of the expiry date because it result a shorter expiry date than the one resulted by the differential method. So it gives consumers a better safety
Polimerisasi Propilena menggunakan Katalisator TiCl4 dan Kokatalis Tri Etil Aluminium
No full textPolypropylene is one of the most widely used polymers in our daily lives. The catalyst that used in the polymerization is the kind of coordination complexes catalyst; the name is Ziegler-Natta catalyst. The function of this catalyst is produce high stereoregularity polypropylene is isotactic polypropylene. This catalyst is very expensive; therefore, it is nececarry to determine the optimum mileage (g propylene per mg catalyst). In this research was determined mileage in polymerization of propylene used catalyst TiCl4 and co-catalyst triethyl aluminium (TEAL). Polymerization reaction conducted in the autoclave reactor at 34 bar, the reactor was equiped with temperature and pressure control. Three tousands ml propylene (5 bar) was introduced to the reactor, was followed by the catalyst TiCl4, co-catalyst TEAL, donor CHMMS (cyclo hexyl methyl methoxy sylane) and hydrogen. Reaction was done at certain temperature and time. At reaction finished propylene was weighed, isotactic polypropylene and molecular weight was analyzed. At the optimum condition: 75oC, 2 hours reaction time, catalyst 20,55 mg and hydrogen 6,8 bar (in the 250 ml tube); the result is mileage 72,476 g propylene/mg catalyst. In addition, at temperature range 60-80oC, the molecular weight polypropylene was 170.476 357.189 and isotactic polypropypene was 96-99%
Dinamika Proses pada Sistem Pemanas Tangki Berpengaduk dengan Arus Bypass
Get PDFThe liquid concentration and temperature dynamic behavior of a stirred tank heater with bypass stream (STHB) has been studied experimentally. A cylinder tank was designed and arranged for experimentation in laboratory. The tank has two input streams, stream-1 (salt solution with its volumetric rate of f1 [cm3/sec], salt concentration of cg1 [gr/cm3]) and stream-2 (water-stream with its volumetric rate of f2 [cm3/sec]). A part of the stream-1 was bypassed (f3 [cm3/sec]) and mixed with the output stream of the tank (f5 [cm3/sec]). The electric heater was employed for heating liquid in the tank. Since the tank was designed overflow, the liquid volume in tank was always constant. In this work, the mass and thermal disturbance load has been made based on step increase and decrease. Those disturbance included the changes of the bypass volumetric rate (f3), the water volumetric rate (f2), and the electric heat (qe). The dynamic behavior of the STHB has also been explored. As can be seen from our investigation in laboratory, the STHB produced a stable response. Furthermore, the open loop dynamic simulation using computer programing was also done, and its simulation results were compared with the experiment data from laboratory. The developed mathematical model of the STHB has been solved numerically. Scilab software was chosen to examine such mathematical model. This study also revealed that the trends of simulation results were quite similar with those in our experiment results
Simulasi Model Jaringan dan Fasilitas Permukaan Injeksi CO2 Sistem Terpusat pada Lapisan F Lapangan J
Get PDFThe Study of CO2 injection to enhance oil recovery through several stages before implementation on the pilot and full scale projects in the field had been done succesfully. The final stage of this study has been made by modeling of network and CO2 injection surface facilities that can be implemented in J Field. The developed model which is run by production simulator gave significant results both on the re-pressurized stage and CO2 flooding stage. This study showed that the implementation of CO2 injection could be run well. With the model validation through static and dynamic run, this study also reavealed that the network model and surface facilities could work properly
Dinamika Komposisi pada Sistem Tangki Pencampur 10 Liter
Get PDFThe liquid concentration dynamic behavior of a 10 L mixing tank has been studied experimentally. Tank with volume of 10 liter are designed and arranged for experimentation in laboratory. The tank has two input streams, stream-1 is the water-stream with its volumetric rate of f1 [cm3/sec] and stream-2 is salt solution with its volumetric rate of f2 [cm3/sec] and salt composition of c2 [gr/cm3]. Since the tank is designed overflow, the liquid volume in tank is always constant. In this work, the mass disturbance load has been made based on step increase and decrease. Those disturbance include the changes of the flow-rate input (f1 and f2) and the concentration of the input stream (c2). The dynamic behavior of mixing tank system has also been explored. As can be seen from our investigation in laboratory,the mixing tank with volume capacity of 10 liter produces a stable responce. Furhtermore, the open loop dynamic simulation using computer programing is also done, and its simulation result are compared with the experiment data from laboratory. The developed mathematical model of the mixing tank system has been solved analytically by laplace transform. The trends of simulation results are quite similar with those in our experiment results