Seminar Nasional Teknik Kimia Kejuangan
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Aplikasi Bioleaching Dalam Pemisahan Logam dari Batuan Mineral Pyrite dengan Menggunakan Bakteri Thiobacillus ferooxidans dan Fungi Aspergillus niger
Get PDFPyrite (FeS2) is one of the types of sulphide minerals which are common in the nature. Many methods can be used to separate the metal content in pyrite, either chemical treatment, biological treatment, and physical treatment. This study generally aims to study the process of extracting metals Fe, Zn, and Al in the mineral pyrite using bioleaching process, and specifically aims to determine the effect of time and type of microorganisms based on the concentration and yield of the extraction and to study the effect of microorganisms on the selectivity of the metals extracted in the process of the mineral pyrite bioleaching. Parameters used are microorganisms volume (20% of the total volume of work), bioleaching temperature (35°C), the speed of stirrer (70 rpm) and time of bioleaching (10, 20, and 30 days); the type of the analyzed metal are Al, Zn, Fe; and the type of microorganism are Thiobacillus ferooxidans bacteria and Aspergillus niger fungi. The used analysis are AAS and ICP / MS. The result revealed that the time of bioleaching makes some effect on metal concentration in rafinat.The longer time of bioleaching can give the greater value on metal concentration in rafinat. The highest metal concentrations in the rafinat obtained at 759 ppm for the Al using a Thiobacillus ferooxidans bacteria. The highest yield in the rafinat obtained at 15,021% for the Zn using a Thiobacillus ferooxidans bacteria. Generally, Thiobacillus ferooxidans bacteria is better for extracting metals; Fe, Zn, and Al
Pengaruh Penambahan Diethylene Glycol Terhadap Gas Hasil Fermentasi Limbah Peternakan Sapi Dusun Ngentak, Desa Poncosari, Kecamatan Srandakan, Kabupaten Bantul, DIY
Get PDFThis study was conducted to determine the effect of the use of diethylene gycol to reduce the water content of the gas produced from waste fermentation of cows cattle in Ngentak, Poncosari Village , Srandakan , Bantu . The steps will be done in this research are to conduct a site survey and gas testing samples using diethylene glycol with a concentration of 90 %. Testing is done by spraying diethlylene glycol into the gas flow through the gas flow pipe connection manually. From the test results indicate that the diethylene glycol can be used to reduce the water content in the gases from waste fermentation of the dairy farms
Karakterisasi dan Sifat Biodegradasi Edible Film dari Pati Kulit Pisang Nangka (Musa Paradisiaca L.) dengan Penambahan Kitosan dan Plasticizer Gliserol
Get PDFBanana peel is an unused material from the rest of food production that made from banana, have no selling value, and easy to get. A lot content of starch that found in a banana peel can be used as raw material for making edible film which is interesting solutions as a innovative food wrapper. Starch from banana peel were chosen because they can be degraded well, and eatable. Edible films prepared by dissolving starch 10 g in 100 ml of aquadest at a temperature of 65 °C to 70 °C then stirred 1 hour. Chitosan variables are 0,5gr, 1 gr, 2 gr, 2,25gr, and 2,5gr. And glycerol variables are 2ml, 4ml, 5ml, and 6ml. The analysis includes tensile strength and percent elongation. Then continued with the biodegradable analysis for 40 days. Good composition for this edible film are 10 gr starch, 100 ml acetic acid 1%, 2 gr chitosan, and 5 ml glycerol with the result of tensile strength is 43.3953 kg/cm2 and 14 % for percent elongation. Edible film could degraded well at day 28 with the rate of CO2 production 178.2 mg /day. So this edible film proved more eco friendly than synthetic plastic
The Influence Of Pyrolysis Temperature And Time To The Yield And Quality of Rubber Fruit (Hevea brasiliensis) Shell Liquid Smoke
Get PDFRubber development in South Kalimantan is growing rapidly. In 2011, rubber plantations have reached anarea of 226.706 ha. Rubber plantation produces waste in the form of unprocessed fruit shells. One of the ways to increase the value of rubber fruit shells waste wasby pyrolysis processing. Pyrolysis produced products such as liquid smoke, tar, and charcoal. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of pyrolysis temperature and time to the yield and quality of rubber fruit shellliquid smoke and determine the best treatment of the pyrolysis liquid smoke processing. Pyrolysis process of rubber fruit shell was processed at 200°C, 300°C, 400°C for 1 and 2 hours. Pyrolysis reactor that used was 10 kg capacity. The pyrolysis at 200 °C for 2 hour was the optimum process condition to produce the best liquid smoke with 36.05±0.90 % (w/w) of liquid smoke yield, 3.48 ±0.22 % (w/w) of tar yield, 15,35±1,16 % (w/w) of weight lo ss, and 45.13±0.38 % (w/w) of charcoal yield, and t he quality of the liquid smoke were pH of 2.495±0.050, acid le vels 13.71±0.51 %, total phenols 1.47±0.03 %, and c olor levels 5R 3/10
Microwave-Assisted Deacetylation of Chitin from Shrimp Shells
Get PDFThe microwave has been used for various applications of organic synthesis. Microwave was used in this study in order to transform chitin to chitosan. Theprocess of deacetylation of chitin was done by varying heating time 3, 7, 11, and 15 minutes under of power of 400 W. Two grams of chitin were mixed with 40 mL of NaOH solution 70% in a beaker glass. The mixtureput into the apparatus microwave in constant temperature at 70°C. Chitosan was washed until neutral and then was dried in oven. The Degree of Deacetylation (DD) were analyzed using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) instrument. The results that showed the degree of deacetylation is 85.32% was achieved at reaction time in 15 minutes. The parameters of chitosan such as moisture content, ash content, and viscosity were obtained 9.23%, 0.16% and 58.05 cP, respectively
Potensi Pati Ganyong (Canna edulis) dan Pati Singkong dalam Produksi Asam Levulinat
Get PDFLevulinic acid (LA) is a platform chemical which isproduced using petroleum-derived raw material thatis having crisis these days. Therefore it is needed tofind an alternativee raw material. One of them is a renewable tuber which is abundantly in Indonesia. The goal ofthis research is to study the potentiality of starch derived from canna edulis and cassava in producing LA and the effect of reaction conditions i.e. the concentration of acid catalyst and the reaction temperature on the yield of LA. This research was performed in a pressurized stirred reactor for 60 minutes. The variables usedare the concentration of sulfuric acid catalyst (5%, 10%, 15%-wt.) and the reaction temperature (150oC and 180oC). Ratio between starch and sulfuric acid is 1:10 (wt./v). The carbohydrate content in starch was analyzed by Anthrone method. Whereas, the product was analyzed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The result of this study shows that the reaction temperature and the carbohydrate content in starch determine the yield of LA. However, the concentration of sulfuric acid affects the type of starch instead ofthe yield of LA. The further research will study about the effect of starch characteristic into the yield of LA
Penyusunan Kriteria Pemilihan Proses Flue Gas Desulfurization PLTU-Batubara
Get PDFApproximately 42% (29 GWh/year) of electricity in Indonesia is produced from coal-fired power plants with coal consumption of about 45 million ton/year. Anticipating the increase in coal consumption for fuel in power plants and industries, as well as the decrease in coal quality in terms of heating value and sulfur content, application of flue gas desulfurization (FGD) will be a mandatory in the near future. Characteristics of several FGD technologies are shortly discussed in this paper. Based on this study the criteria for the selection are as follows: capacity and location of the power plant, concentration of SO2in flue gas and specific emissions of SO2 which depends on coal quality, separation efficiency, chemicals requirement and by-product, reliablity and commercial status of technology, and of course investment, operating and maintenance costs. These criteria will be used in the Analytic Hierarchy Process to determine a suitable technology for a particular coal power plant
Pemodelan dan Simulasi Secara Tunak dan Dinamik pada Pengeringan dengan Rotary Dryer
Get PDFRotary dryer is one of the dryers that has many uses in chemical, pharmacy, and food industries. The model
which represents the actual condition of rotary dryer is needed to make the designing and scaling-up of this
dryer easier. The objective of this study is to proposed mathematical model of drying process with rotary
dryer in the form of distributed parameter system and then simulate this drying process in its steady state and
dynamic condition. The variables that was observed in this model are moisture in the solid feed, moisture in
the drying air, temperature of the solid feed, and temperature of the drying air. This non-linear partial
differential equations was modified to non-linear ordinary differential equations using finite difference
method and then solved using numeric integration technique. The steady state simulation shows that changes
in inlet variables have influence to the observed variables on the outlet of rotary dryer with the greatest effect
is from the temperature of drying air and the lowest effect is from the temperature of solid feed. Furthermore,
the dynamic parameters obatained from dynamic simulation can be used for controlling purpose
Preparasi dan Karakterisasi Katalis Co/Zeolite Y and Co-Mo/Zeolite Y untuk Konversi Tar Batubara
Get PDFTar batubara (Coal tar) dapat dikonversi menjadi bahan bakar cair dengan prosesperengkahan hidrogenasi (Cracking Hydrogenation). Proses ini memerlukan katalis yang mempunyai fungsi ganda yaitu komponen logam sebagai katalis hidrogenasi dan komponen asam sebagai katalis perengkah. Pada penelitian ini dibuat katalis Co/Zeolit Y dan Co-Mo/Zeolit Y dengan variabel adalah berat Co dan Mo dengan metode impregnasi. Desain eksperimen ditentukan menggunakan bantuan Software Statistica. Dari analisa XRD dapat disimpulkan bahwa dengan penambahan logam Co dan Mo mempengaruhi persen kristallinitas. Penambahan logam Co menurunkan kristallinitas, sedangkan penambahan Mo menaikkan kristallinitas. Hasil analisa luas permukaan menggunakan BET Surface Area Analizer menunjukkan bahwa dengan penambahan Co dan Mo menyebabkan penurunan luas area. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan analisa SEM yang menunjukkan bahwa logam Co dan Mo banyak menempel dipermukaan dan pori-pori katalis, sehingga mempengaruhi persen kristallinitas dan luas permukaan. Sedangkan dari analisa keasaman menggunakan gas ammoniak menunjukkan dengan penambahan logam Co dan Mo mengakibatkan peningkatan keasaman
Pemurnian Pasir Silika dengan Metode Leaching Asam dan bantuan Sonikasi
Get PDFSilica sand is one of the natural materials that abundant in Indonesia . In nature, silica is difficult to obtain a high purity compound because it has a high affinity with the others oxide. Purification methode of silica can be done in several ways, one of which is sonication assisted acid leaching methode. In general, leaching medium used a strong acids such as HCl and H2SO4. The using of strong acids will produce waste that requires special handling as B3 waste. So in this research, used aquadest and oxalic acid as the leaching medium are more environmentally. The research have purpose to study the effect of sonication on purification process of silica sand with aquadest and oxalic acid leaching medium to obtain high purity silica sand. The product optained were analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF). XRF analysis results showed that the content in the silica sand increased from 97.75% to 99.40% with aquadest leaching medium and 99.46% with oxalic acid leaching medium with the same sonication time is 120 minutes. While the results of SEM analysis showed morphological changes of silica sand after sonication process both with distilled water leaching media and with oxalic acid