Seminar Nasional Teknik Kimia Kejuangan
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Pembuatan Serbuk Perak dengan Metode Reduksi Presipitasi Kimia dan Pasta Perak untuk Aplikasi Kontak Metal Sel Surya Silikon
Get PDFUtilization of natural solar energy needs supporting technology to obtain maximum contertion of solar energy. Therefore, there its need to design a medium to absorb photothermal energy for further application. In this research, Synthesis of Silver Powder Using Chemical Reduction-Precipitation and Silver Paste for Metal Contacts Solar Cell Application The making of silver powder using precipitate reduction method with raw material from silver nitrate. Silver nitrate reduced by ascorbic acid then added by arabic gum as dispersant and potassium sulfate as modifier. PH of silver nitrate and reduction solution is kept by using HNO3. Reaction is happened at 25 oC (RTP). The purity of silver powder as result of reduction is analyzed by SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) & EDS (Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy) and XRD (X-ray Diffraction) and XRD (X-ray Diffraction). Result SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) & EDS (Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy) show that silver powder have purity almost 100 % with spherical particle. Result XRD (X-ray Diffraction) show that system crystal silver powder same with system crystal pure silver powder. Silver powder used for making silver paste with ethylene glycol, butyl acetate as solvent; hidroxy ethyl cellulose as resin binder; triton as additive; and silicate as glass frit. Metallization process of silver paste on silicon is carried out by screen printing method. The silver paste which has been metalized on silicon is analyzed using FPP (Four Point Probe) to know silver paste sheet resistivity. Result of analyze showing that silver paste has sheet resistivity 85,8 mΩ/sq
Perlakuan Bahan Baku Rotan dengan Ekstrak Daun Mimba untuk Produk Furniture
Get PDFRattan (Calamus) have sap content (starch) are highly susceptible to insect powder as a food source. Neem leaf extract (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) contain bioactive elements that can be used as a preservative or natural pesticides. Improving the quality of raw rattan is the purpose of this study. Examples of such test manau rattan rod with a length of 20 cm and Ø ± 3-4 cm, then make the extract solution preservatives, chopped dried neem leaves boiled water in an initial temperature of 90ºC, then allowed to cool for 48 hours. Ratio of dried neem leaf extract with water extractors 1: 3; and 1: 4. Furthermore, the test sample is boiled in a solution of the extract with a variation of 1, 2, 3, and 4 hours, then observed retention and degree of damage on a regular basis every three months. The results showed that the use of neem leaf extract solution as a preservative in manau rattan significant effect on the retention and degree of damage. The higher the concentration of preservatives and treatment time, increased retention and decrease the degree of damage. Neem leaf extract with a ratio of 1: 3, the boiling time 3 hours, resulting in retention of 0.0544 g / cm3 and the degree of damage to the bottom at 0.317%
Halaman Depan, Sambutan, dan Daftar Isi
No full textSeminar Nasional Teknik Kimia “Kejuangan” yang diselenggarakan pada tanggal 5 Maret 2014 merupakan seminar ke-14 yang diselenggarakan oleh Program Stu di Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknologi Industri, UPN “Veteran” Yogyakarta dengan tema “Pengembangan Teknologi Kimia untuk Pengolahan Sumber Daya Alam Indonesia”. Seminar ini merupakan agenda tetap tahunan secara nasional di bidang Teknik Kimia sebagai forum pertemuan ilmiah. Pada kesempatan ini, para akademisi, peneliti, industri dan pemerhati Teknik Kimia dapat saling menginformasikan hasil karya ilmiahnya, baik berupa kajian pustaka atau hasil penelitian fundamental dan aplikatif di berbagai bidang yang terkait dengan Pengembangan Sumber Daya Indonesia dan Energi, sehingga diharapkan dapat menjadi menjadi basis untuk menghasilkan produk yang dibutuhkan dan bermanfaat bagi masyarakat serta mampu bersaing di pasar dunia. Pada seminar tahun ini, panitia telah menerima 79 abstrak yang berasal dari beberapa Perguruan Tinggi,Lembaga, dan Balai Penelitian. Setelah dilakukan seleksi dan koreksi, makalah lengkap yang akan disajikan dalam seminar sebanyak 2 makalah pembicara utama, dan 63 makalah sesuai dengan bidang kajian. Makalah-makalah yang telah dipresentasikan, akan disajikan dalam Prosiding Seminar dalam CD dan buku yang akan diterbitkan setelah penyelenggaraan seminar yaitu pada tanggal 28 Maret 2014
Penurunan Kadar Besi (Fe) dan Mangan (Mn) Dalam Air Tanah dengan Metode Aerasi Conventional Cascadedan Aerasi Vertical Buffle Channel Cascade
Get PDFAir yang memiliki kandungan Fe dan Mn tinggi bukan berarti tidak dapat dimanfaatkan karena air tersebut dapat diolah terlebih dahulu dengan memanfaatkan teknologi baik teknologi canggih maupun teknologi yang sederhana. Teknologi yang dapat dimanfaatkan untuk pengolahan air dengan kadar Fe dan Mn tinggi adalah aerasi. Aerasi merupakan proses penambahan oksigen ke dalam air sehingga dapat menimbulkan reaksi oksidasi Fe dan Mn yang kemudianakan menyebabkan endapan Fe(OH) 3dan MnO2. Karena Fe dan Mn telah teroksidasi maka kadarnya dalam air akan berkurang. Tujuan dilakukan penelitian untuk mengetahui perbandingan efektivitas keduanya dalam menurunkan kadar Fe dan Mn dalam air. Penelitian diawali dengan pembuatan unitaerator, yaitu aerator cascade konvensional dan aerator cascade buffle channel vertikal. Aerator dirancang untuk proses aerasi dengan variasi debit 21 mL/det samapai dengan 134 mL/det serta variasi lamaaerasi 10 hingga 50 menit. Sampel air tanah yang diperlukan untuk setiap variasi debit adalah 20 liter. Setiap proses aerasi dilakukan selama 30 menit, sehingga air yang telah turun melewati step cascadeakan dipompa menuju water torn kembali. Langkah tersebut dilakukan selama 30 menit. Setelah proses aerasi selesai, air yang berada di bak penampungan dimasukkan sebagian ke dalam gelas ukur untuk diamati lama pengendapannya. Selanjutnya, sebagian air hasil aerasi diendapkan dan kemudian diperiksa pH, suhu, kadar DO, Fe dan Mn-nya. Langkah tersebut dilakukan untuk semua variasi debit pada kedua unitaerator. Hasil pemeriksaan kadar Fe dan Mn akan menunjukkan debit optimum. Hasil pemeriksaan DO digunakan untuk menghitung konsentrasi oksigen yang bereaksi dengan Fe dan Mn. Kemudian debit optimum digunakan untuk aerasi dengan variasi lama aerasi 10 menit, 20 menit, 30 menit, 40 menit, dan 50 menit. Setelah proses aerasi selesai, air yang berada di bak penampungan dimasukkan sebagian ke dalam gelas ukur untuk diamati lama pengendapannya. Sebagian air hasil aerasi diendapkan dan kemudian diperiksa pH, suhu, kadar DO, Fe dan Mn-nya. Langkah tersebut dilakukan untuk semua variasi waktu pada kedua unit aerator. Hasil pemeriksaan kadar Fe dan Mn akan menunjukkan lama aerasi optimum. Hasil pemeriksaan DO digunakan untuk menghitung konsentrasi oksigen yang bereaksi dengan Fe dan Mn serta koefisien transfer oksigen (KLa). Hasil Pengujian Fe dan Mn pada Aerasi Conventional Cascade Variasi Debit diperoleh debit optimal pada 84 mL/det mengalami efektivitas penurunan sebesar Fe 95,1 % dan Mn 16,58 %. Hasil Pengujian Fe dan Mn pada Aerasi Vertical Buffle Channel Cascade VariasiDebit diperoleh debit optimal pada 56 mL/det mengalami efektivitas penurunan sebesar Fe 94,29 % dan Mn 23,18 %
Perbandingan Model Kinetika Hidrolisa Enzimatis Sabut Kelapa
Get PDFThis article will show a comparison of the reaction kinetics model of enzymatic batch hydrolysis of coconut coir. This reaction is required as one of the stages in the conversion process of lignocellulosic biomass into alternative fuels. Kinetics model plays an important role in explaining the performance and characteristics of the process. Kinetics model can easily be used to control and predict the properties of the process. Kinetics data was obtained from laboratory experiments enzymatic hydrolysis reaction batch of coconut coir by pretreatment using dilute NaOH solution. Profile data will be modeled by first order dynamic model and the results will be compared to power mode
Tannin Removal by Hot Water as the Pretreatment of the Multi Stages Extraction of Phaleria macrocarpa Bioactive Compounds
Get PDFPhaleria macrocarpa is a native Indonesia plant originated from Papua. Its fruit, which is known and widely used as herbal medicine contains various bioactive compounds such as poliphenol, flavonoids, tannin, alkaloid, saponin, sterol, and terpenoid. They contribute to the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the fruit extract. The objective of this study was to assess the selection of solvent treatments which were not only capable of removing unwanted tannin and other sticky components, but also maintained the high content of the antioxidants. A pretreatment prior to the extraction was carried out by using hot water with temperature range of 55 – 100°C to remove tannin. The best pretreatment temperature was then used with a combination of non-polar (n-hexane and chloroform), semi-polar (ethyl acetate), and polar (70% ethanol) solvents. The results showed that the best operating pretreatment temperature for the removal of tannin was 65°C, with removal of 0.5798 mg gallic acid equivalents / g feed. Meanwhile, the best solvent combination was a two stages extraction with ethyl acetate and ethanol which could reduce the tannin content as much as 13%. Finally, ethanol extracts obtained from this combination resulted in the yield of 0.0696 g crude extract / g feed, tannin content of 2.9830 mg gallic acid equivalents / g crude extract, and antioxidant activity of 2.1983 μmoles DPPH / mg crude extract
The Effect of F:S Ratio, Temperature, Particle Diameter, and Mixing Speed in The Dispersive Contact Batch Extraction of Phaleria macrocarpa Fruit Using 70%-v Ethanol Solvent
Get PDFPhaleria macrocarpa is a native Indonesian plant from Papua, which has a high content of antioxidant and antimicrobial bioactive compounds. Therefore, it offers a very high potential to be utilized as the raw material for food preservative and supplement, as well as herbal medicine. This study was conducted for the development of the extraction and separation technology to obtain the useful bioactive compounds within a high quality extract from Phaleria macrocarpa fruit. Solid-liquid extraction was performed by dispersive contact using 70%-v ethanol in a 2 L batch extractor. The extraction process involved some variations of the process variables, namely F:S ratio (0.025 – 0.05 g/mL), temperature (28 - 52°C), particle effective diameter (0.22 – 0.90 cm), and mixing speed (140 – 400 rpm). The experimental series were carried out by using a Box-Behnken design with 3 center points, in order to comprehend both responses of yield oleoresin time profile and antioxidant activity (as DPPH equivalent). The experiments by varying those process variables could be used to estimate the volumetric mass transfer coefficient (kLa) using macroscopic balance based on a lumped model. The extraction optimum conditions were found at F:S ratio of 0.03 g/mL; temperature at 28°C; mixing speed 400 rpm; and particle diameter of 0.76 cm under which the highest yield of 94.56% , DPPH equivalent of 3.7364 μmol DPPH/mg crude extract, and mass transfer coefficient of 0.0192 s-1 were obtained
Perkembangan Proses Produksi Biodiesel Sebagai Bahan Bakar Alternatif
Get PDFBiodiesel has become more attractive recently because of its environmental benefits and the fact that it is made from renewable resources. Biodiesel can replace diesel oil without requiring modifications to the engine and advantageously produces cleaner emissions. Productions of biodiesel by various process methods, i.e. homogeneous, heterogeneous, and enzyme catalysts, have advantages and disadvantages. Advanced methods, such as supercritical, microwave, and ultrasonic, still leave the problem despite the high yield of biodiesel produced. Utilizing of fixed bed catalytic reactor in a continuous process can produce biodiesel with a yield of higher than 90%. The newly developed plasma technology can produce biodiesel in a very short time (120 s) with mild operating conditions. This paper reviews briefly the literatures on transesterification reaction using homogeneous, heterogeneous, and enzyme catalysts as well as advanced methods (supercritical, microwave, ultrasonic, and plasma technology)
Simulasi Termodinamika Perengkahan Tar pada Keluaran Fixed Bed Gasifier
Get PDFGasification is process to convert solid fuel such as biomass to gaseous fuel. Gasification produces synthetic gas which can be used as fuel, or feedstock for chemical synthesis. Tar production is one of major problem in gasification. Tar can be reduced by steam reforming of producer gas and modification of gasifier’s configuration. Gasifier and tar catalytic cracking reactor configurations and operating conditions are studied by using equilibrium thermodynamic model for steam reforming process. Steam/tar mole ratio and operation temperature must be taken into consideration to minimize tar production and prevent coke formation in catalyst. Simulation result can give guidance about operating condition of steam tar cracking reactor and guidance for gasifier configuration to minimize tar production. Simulation results showed that in order to eliminate tar and prevent coke formation, tar cracking reactor minimum temperature of 500-700oC should be used for downdraft gasifier, 662-756oC for conventional updraft gasifier, and 648-715oC for modified downdraft gasifier depending on steam/tar ratio in tar cracking reactor feed
Optimization of Glycerolysis Temperature Process for the Synthesis of Monoglyceride-Diglyceride Surfactants Derived from oil of Silkworm Pupae
Get PDFThe value-added of silkworm pupae could still be increased through conversion of the pupae into surfactants. Such animal-based surfactants are believed to have similar characteristics as those of plant-based surfactants, i.e. biodegradable and environmentally friendly. One of the animal-based surfactants that can be synthesized from oil of silkworm pupae is monoglyceride, through a glycerolysis using MgO as catalyst. The current research examined the possibility of synthesizing monoglyceride (MG )and diglycerides (DG) using silkworm pupae as raw materials through glcerolysis. The experiments were done using MgO as catalyst and n-butanol as the solvent, with varying temperatures.It was found that the most dominant variable was temperature, with the highest conversion of 0.7094. The column chromatograph demonstrated the highest yield of MG-DG as 7.96 g for the following: glycerol – oil ratio = 3; reaction time = 4 h; temp = 90oC, agitation rate = 400 rpm, and catalyst conc.= 2%. Fourieer Transformer Infra Red analysis showed the peak of 1041.56 cm-1 which corresponds to the functional group of C-OH and peak of 3659.61 cm-1 the functional group OH. The emulsion stability test proved that MG as surfactant had an emulsifying effect on a benzene-water system