Seminar Nasional Teknik Kimia Kejuangan
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Teknologi Pengolahan Buah untuk Desa Duyung, Trawas, Mojokerto
Get PDFThe purpose of the community service activities in the Desa Duyung, Kecamatan Trawas, Kabupaten Mojokerto is mainly to equip the durian farmers with appropriate technologies for fruit, seeds and waste processing completely; in order to overcome low price problem of second grade durian as well as women role empowerment. Proposals to address these issuesinclude:1) durian fruit processing into jams, 2) durian seed processing into chips of various flavors, 3)utilization of durian skin into fuel, 4)salak fruit processing into jams when not in durian season, and 5) banana processing into chips of various flavors when not in durian season. Some equipments and training necessary for the process had been delivered. Participants from two groups (PKK and Farmer Group) were asked to fill a qustionaire before and after the experiment and the results were presented in this paper
Sintesis Karbon Aktif dari Kulit Salak Aktivasi Kimia-Senyawa KOH sebagai Adsorben Proses Adosprsi Zat Warna Metilen Biru
Get PDFIn this study, activated carbons were prepared through chemical activation of Salacca peel, using KOH as chemical agent. Salacca peels were firstly pre-carbonized in an electrical furnace at temperature of 500 °C, then the peels were impregnated at a fixed salacca peel to potassium carbonate ratio of 1:4 and fixed potassium carbonate concentration of 20 %-w. The impregnated salacca peels were then carbonized at temperature of 800 °C. Activated carbons with a high surface area of 1939 m2/g were obtained. The activated carbon was tested in the adsorption of methylene blue (MB) from aqueous phase. The adsorption study was realized using batch experiments with synthetic MB solution with various initial concentrations of 20, 30, 40, 50 and 55 ppm. The Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Dubinin Radushkevich adsorption models were used for mathematical description of the adsorption equilibrium, and it was found that the experimental data fitted well to the Langmuir isotherm. Batch adsorption studies, based on the assumption of a pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order or intraparticle diffusion mechanism, showed that the kinetic data followed closely a pseudo-second-order rather than a pseudo-first-order mechanism. The adsorption capacity of salacca peel
based activated carbons for the removal of MB was found to be 674 mg· g-1. These results indicated the salacca peels derived activated carbons as a potential adsorbent for removal of MB from aqueous solutions
Sintesa Karbon Aktif dari Kulit Salak dengan Aktivasi Kimia-Senyawa ZnCl2 dan Aplikasinya pada Adsorpsi Zat Warna Metilen Biru
Get PDFMicroporous mesoporous activated carbon derived from salacca peel with surface area as high as 1435,76 m2/g has been successfully synthesized with Zinc Chloride (ZnCl2) as an activating agent. Salacca peel was firstly impregnated with fixed zinc chloride to salacca peel mass ratio of 2:1 and with fixed zinc chloride concentration of 20%-w. The impregnated salacca peel was pyrolized at 700°C in nitrogen atmosphere. The adsorption capability of the activated carbon was investigated by using methylene blue (MB) as dye. The adsorption study was realized in batch reactor with various MB initial concentrations of 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 ppm. Langmuir, Tempkin, Freundlich, and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm models were used for mathematical description of the adsorption equilibrium. It was found that the equilibrium concentrations of the adsorption fitted very well with monolayer Langmuir isotherm model, with maximum adsorption capacity of 387,38 mg. g-1. The kinetic study was performed based on pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, and intraparticle diffusion equations. The data indicated that the adsorption kinetics followed the pseudo-secondorder mechanism closely than the pseudo-first-order and the intraparticle diffusion mechanism. The present study concludes that activated carbon derived from salacca peel could be employed as a potential adsorbent for the removal of color and dyes from aqueous solution, MB in particular
Kinetics Study of Fe Content Decrease In Well Water With Activated Carbon Adsorption Of Coffee Waste
Get PDFWater wells that contain iron will cause harm to living organisms, especially humans. Experiment of Fe adsorption on well water using activated carbon. On the experiment, coffee waste used as materials for making charcoal, activated charcoal is subsequently used to reduce Fe. Adsorption of Fe at 400 rpm achieved optimum contact time of 20 minutes. While at 500 rpm achieve optimum value at 15 min and 600 rpm achieve optimum at 25 minutes. Isothermal adsorption model is isothermal Langmuir with R2 for 400 rpm and 500 rpm are 0,999 and for 600 rpm is 0.996. Langmuir equation shows the rate of 400 rpm has the best adsorption capability with a value is 1,267. Fe adsorption with activated charcoal from coffee waste at a rate of 400 rpm to adequate the kinetics model of order 0, whereas the rate of 500 and 600 rpm adequate the second-order kinetic
Uji Laboratorium Proses Perengkahan Toluen dengan Katalis Reformasi Kukus Ni/a-Al2O3
Get PDFTar formation was one of the major problems in the utilization of syngas produced from gasification of biomass and coal. Toluene was used as a model tar and N2 as carrier gas. Laboratory test was performed using a commercial steam reforming catalyst available in our laboratory. The amount of catalyst was 2,5 g and reaction temperature was varied at 500, 600, 700, and 800oC. The gas flow rate was 0,0077 Nm3/h with a toluene concentration of 51 g/Nm3. Our laboratory test revealed that toluene conversion up to 99,6% might be obtained at the reaction temperature of 8000C and molar steam/toluene ratio of 16. Decreases in toluene conversion were observed when reactions were carried out in a condition of stoichiometric steam to toluene ratio of 7. Kinetics parameters toluene steam reforming on catalyst Ni/a-Al2O3 were obtained experimently by laboratory were Ea of 11,6 kJ/mol and k0 of 272 m3/kgcat.hours. Using these kinetics parameters, toluene might be converted almost completely in a plug flow reactor with a resedence time of 0,35 s, under the following condition: steam to toluene ratio of 16 and temperature above 700oC
Kinetic Model of Urea Desorption from a Starch-Based Controlled Release Fertilizer
Get PDFThe use of fertilizer has increased as the agriculture become more intensified. This increment caused a lot of environmental issue, such as water and soil pollution. It is well-known that conventional fertilizer does not have a good efficiency in practice due to fertilizer leaching or washing off problem. This problem can now be significantly minimized by using a controlled release system. There are a lot of models that have been used to study controlled release drugs, but only a few are used to describe controlled release fertilizers. In this study, we propose a simple model to represent urea desorption from a starch-based controlled release fertilizer and then use the model to predict the urea desorption characteristics of the fertilizer. The controlled release fertilizer was made from starch-based hydrogel loaded with urea. The urea desorption from the starch-based controlled release fertilizer in the water is then tested. The kinetic data collected from the urea desorption experiment is used to derive, verify, and validate the kinetic model of urea desorption from the starch-based controlled release fertilizer
Reduksi Sulfat oleh Bakteri Termofilik dari Air Panas Sarongsong Kota Tomohon
Get PDFSulfate Reducing Bacteria (SRB) is very useful in the process of soil bioremediation as the former colliery land and contaminated heavy metal soil. The purpose of this research are to determine the content of sulfate in Sarongsong hot spring and determine the activity of SRB (anaerobic conditions) in three different stations. The sample in this study were drawn from Sarongsong hot spring Tomohon at three different stations, and are grouped in two groups: aerobic and anaerobic. This research was conducted in the laboratory of biological master CARC SWCU, Salatiga. The results of measurements performed after 7 days treatment. From three sampling stations Sarongsong hot spring; S1 S2, S3 were obtained that the sulfate content in the S3 is the largest 35 mg / L, followed by S2 11 mg / L and S1 3.5 mg / L. Sulfate reduction levels ranging from S1, S2, S3 conducted by SRB after 7 days treatment in a row is 185 mg/L; 191mg/L; and 197 mg/L. Station three (S3) has amount of sulfate reducing morethan S1 and S2. The results of this research provide information that Sulfate Reducing Bacteria is in Sarongsong hot spring Tomohon
Biopulping Rami Menggunakan Jamur Pelapuk Putih
Get PDFRamie is a fast growing species and contains long fiber that suitable for pulpmaking. The objective of this study was to investigate the white rot fungi that can be used as a biological agent on biopulping process. A four species white rot fungi namely Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Marasmius sp., Trametes hirsuta and Trametes versicolor have been used for the pretreatment on biopulping. Each fungus was grown on ramie fiber at room temperature (±28°C) for 7 days. Lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose were observed to study the efficacy of each fungus. The result showed that Marasmius sp. could remove lignin at highest level (40.7%) than others and produced laccase at highest activity of 163,82 U/L. Cellulose and hemicellulose were insignificantly removed by fungi. At the pulping process, Kappa number of treated ramie by Marasmius sp. was lower than untreated
Adsorpsi Ion Mn(II) Pada Zeolit yang Disintesis dari Abu Dasar Batubara Termodifikasi Ditizon
Get PDFAdsorption characteristic of Mn(II) on zeolite synthesized from bottom ash with alkaline hydrothermal conditions loaded with dithizone have been examined. The parameters studied includes effect of pH, contact time, initial concentrations and temperature of Mn(II) by batch experiments. The raw and modified samples were characterized by X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transformation infra red (FT-IR) and Surface area analyzer (SAA) and used for the removal of Mn(II) from aqueous solution. This research shows Si and Al contents of the bottom ash analysed by XRF spectrometry dominant were used for the alkaline hydrothermal conversion of the bottom ash compounds into zeolite with range SiO2/Al2O3 ratio obtained from 1 to 5. The results of XRD and FTIR showed that the activation with reflux of bottom ash by alkali hydrothermal process can produce a material which has a similar structure zeolite (zeolite-like). Hydrothermal product consists of a mixture of zeolite (zeolite Y, zeolite Na-P and zeolite X) and sodalite crystals at temperatures of 100 °C for 24 hours. Hydrothermal product showed specific IR absorption zeolite at wavenumber 300-1250 cm-1and zeolite modified dithizone showed absorption -NH and –SH at wavenumber 1496,76 and 2461,17 cm-1. The results SAA showed that with addition dithizone lowering the specific surface area of zeolite from 160,262 m²/g to 69,609 m²/g. Results of study show that adsorption of Mn(II) reaches its maximum values at pH 6 for zeolite and pH 8 for zeolite modified dithizone, respectively. The adsorption kinetics based on the pseudo-second-order rate equation indicates that the rate limiting step involving a chemical reaction. The adsorption rate constants for zeolite synthesis -0,014g/mg.min-1and for the zeolite modified dithizone 0,0204g/mg.min-1. Based on the Langmuir equation, the maximum adsorption capacity (qmax) synthetic zeolite of 2.63x10-4mol/g and zeolite modified dhitizone 2.88x10-4mol/g. Adsorption equilibrium constant for the synthetic zeolite 0,742 mg/L and for zeolite modified dithizone 2,625 mg/L. The negative ΔH and ΔS indicate an exothermic and spontaneous process. But value of ΔG is positive, which indicates that the reaction is not spontaneous. So, adsorption using two adsorbents takes place spontaneously at a lower temperature. In general, the ability of dithizone-loaded zeolite to adsorb Mn(II) is better than does the unmodified one
Removal of Rhodamine-B From Aqueous Solution by Adsorption Onto Chitosan/Polymethylmetacryalte/Cloisite-10A Composites
Get PDFThe aim of this study was to investigate the use chitosan/polymethyl methacrylate/cloisite-10A (Chi/PMMA/Cloi) composites as an adsorbent for Rhodamine-B. The Chi/PMMA/Cloi composites were synthesized by solution induced intercalation method. The properties of the composites were investigated by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The effects of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) loading and contact times on the adsorption process of Rhodamine-B were investigated. The results show that the adsorption capacity for the Rhodamine-B increased with increase in contact times but there was not significant change observed with respect to increase in PMMA loading. Abilities of Chi/PMMA/Cloi composites to adsorb rhodamine-B were higher than those found in the pristine of cloisite-10A, chitosan, and PMMA, respectively. The adsorption capacity of rhodamine-B from solution by using the composites was reached 89.20 – 91.58% with contact times from 40 - 120 min. The results indicate that the Chi/PMMA/Cloi composites can be used for the removal of rhodamine-B from aqueous solutions