Seminar Nasional Teknik Kimia Kejuangan
Not a member yet
523 research outputs found
Sort by
Simulasi Pembuatan Etil Asetat Menggunakan ReactiveDividing Wall Column Dengan Katalis Asam Sulfat
Get PDFReactive Dividing Wall Column (RDWC) is an innovation which integrate reaction and distillations into one unit. The purpose of this study aims to simulate both reboiler duty and distillate rate to obtain the purity of ethyl acetate, water, and acetic acid in the stream products usingAspen Plus simulation software. RadFrac modul is used to model vapor –liquid equilibrium in the column and NRTL model is used to calculate thermodynamic properties in the liquid and vapor phases. The model has been validated by comparing both temperature as well as product composition profiles to those of open literature. The simulation results show that varying the distillate rate (D) and reboiler duty (Qr) will affect the purity of distillate components (ethyl acetate), side product (water) and bottom component (acetic acid). Based on maximum purity ofethyl acetate, the operating conditions are respectively recommended at distillate rate of 74.902 mole/h and reboiler duty of 1.93 kW. The product compositions are 73.69 mol% ethyl acetate, 90.21 mol% water and 42.98 mol%acetic acid
Proses Pembuatan Gelatin dari Kulit Kepala Sapi dengan Proses Hidrolisis Menggunakan Katalis HCl
Get PDFCow leather is widely used as raw material for shoes, jackets, automobile n bag accessories too. But the skin of cow head (scalp) is not widely used. Actually that thing as a potensial and good materials for making gelatin. Gelatin used as a filler constituent in the food industries such as candy, butter and cheese,cakes, bread and meat meals industry. As diversification benefits and increase the economic value, our research done to make gelatin from cow scalp (head of cowhide).Experiment production of gelatin made with 15 gram of starch hydrolizing scalp cow in 400 mL water using HCl catalyst.influence the observes experimental variables is the ratio of reagents, temperature and time of hydrolysis and concentration ol catalyst solution HCl.The experiment result showed that the best condition for the hydrolysis process of scalp cow was at 6 hours at 90oC temperature, using 1,25 mL of 36,5 % HCl catalystwith gelatin production to 7,562 gram
Proses Pengolahan dan Pemurnian Bijih Tembaga dengan Cara Konvensional dan Biomining
Get PDFIndonesia has ore reserves of copper (Cu) which is very large, most of the reserves with porphyry Cu content in the ore vary between 0.1 - 2%. In addition to Cu, usually ore associated with other metals such as gold (A), silver (Ag) and rare metals such as Palladium (Pd ), Selenium ( Se ) and others. Several types of Cu ore there is Bornite (Cu5FeS4), Calcopyrite (CuFeS2), Covellite (CuS) with some impurities such as pyrite (FeS2), Magnetite (Fe3O4), hematite (Fe2O3), or Quartz (SiO2). Caused most of the sulfide minerals in the conventional treatment (physical - chemical ) would be more effective if the initial process is " concentrating "using flotation and gravity if it is in many ores of gold (Au) in the form of Native. Furthermore, conventional purification process using Pyro way Metallurgy, Metallurgy and Electro Hydro Metallurgy. Biomining mineral extraction using bacteria. Definition biomining intact is the process of extracting valuable minerals from ore or tailings from mining rest with the help of microorganisms , especially bacteria. Biomining process copper ore by leaching microbial -based reaction that uses bacteria Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans biomining is an effective technology and environmentally friendly which can be used for purification of ore and precious metals in concentrate
Ekstraksi Kulit Buah Naga sebagai Pewarna Alami
Get PDFSynthetic dyes are increasingly widespread usage and soharmful to human health so that it needs to be increased by using of natural dyes which is safe. Natural dyes can be obtained from plant pigments which contained from both of leaves and rind. Dragon fruit skin is one of the natural pigment source. Its skin totaling 30-35% of the fruit is often simply thrown away as trash. Dragon fruit skin produces natural red color produced by pigment called anthocyanin which can be used as a substitute from synthetic dyes to natural dyes. This research aims to find the optimum conditions for extraction of dragon fruit skin. Extraction was carried out by using 80% ethanol solvent by using a variable ratio of the amount of material and solvent (1: 9 1:10 1:11 1:12 1:13), temperature (50◦C, 60◦C, 70◦C, 80◦ C) and time (1 hour, 2 hours, 3 hours, 4 hours, 5 hours). After that, do the analysis phase of the anthocyanin content. The results showed that the optimum conditions for extraction of the dye from the dragon fruit skin with 80% ethanol at a ratio F: S 1:11, extraction temperature 50 ◦C and for 3 hours resulted in anthocyanin concentration of 7.180 mg / L
Modelling Self-Heating in Compost Piles: Application of Reaction Engineering Approach
Get PDFSpontaneous combustion in compost piles is the main cause of fires at compost facilities or landfill sites. Hence, the increase in temperature in compost piles, known as self-heating phenomenon, has to be considered thoroughly for safety aspect at the facilities. One of the most reliable methods for estimating the safety aspect is modelling the self-heating in compost piles. In this study, a new model is proposed to better represent self-heating phenomenon. The proposed model incorporates simultaneous heat and mass transfer coupled with biological and chemical heat generations. For better accuracy of the modelling, the evaporation term implementing the Reaction Engineering Approach (REA) is used here to yield a set of heat and mass conservation which consists of mass balance of water vapor, liquid water, oxygen, and heat balance. The set of partial differential equations is solved using finite element solver Comsol Multiphysics to generate the spatial profiles of concentration of oxygen, water vapor, water liquid, and heat balance inside the compost piles. Benchmarks against the experimental data indicate that the results of the modelling match well with the experimental data. Therefore the proposed model can be implemented to predict safe storage of compost piles under various configurations
Pengolahan Air Limbah Tempe dengan Metode Sequencing Batch Reactor Skala Laboratorium dan Industri Kecil Tempe
Get PDFTempe industries have been known, and implemented at industries scale but those tempe industries are not yet fully completed with waste water treatment plant. The purpose of this research is to study sequencing batch reactor (SBR) and determination of flow rate, stirring speed, and concentration of inoculum to give the biological of oxygen demand (BOD) of the processed wastewater according to the SNI. The benefits of this research is to introduce SBR as an alternative for industrial tempe. The method consists of charging, chemical reactions, precipitation, disposal, and stabilization followed by flow rate, inoculum concentration and agitation speed. In the preliminary experiment, the flow rate for the wastewater treatment was investigated (3 L/h, 4.2 L/h, and 5 L/h) to the BOD. The main experiments were conducted to observe the effect of mixing (variation of 50 rpm, 100 rpm, and 150 rpm) and the effect of inoculum (variation of 5%, 10%, and 15%) to the BOD. Chemical analyses was done in term such as BOD and pH which followed by analyses TSS, TDS, COD. Results obtained in this research are interaction between stirring speed and concentration of inoculums can influence the yield of treatment. After addition of 10% inoculums, stirring speed of 100 rpm, the BOD was decreased to 218,4 ppm and after the tertier treatment, BOD decreased to 93,6 ppm
Refining Minyak Pelumas Bekas Dengan Proses Fisika-Kimia
Get PDFWaste lubricant oil classified as a hazardous and toxic materials (B3) which can caused an environmental pollution. Alternative solutions to solve this problem is recycling by refining with physical and chemical processs. The purpose of this this study is the characteristics of refined oil closed to fresh lubricant oil. This study used waste lubricant oil type of NG Lube-40.The process involves screening, evaporation, addition of acid, sedimentation, variations bleaching at 100 oC, oil and solids is separation and the addition of additive. The characteristics of NG Lube-40 based on ASTM method obtained density (15 °C) is 0,8886 g/cm3 and kinematic viscosity at 40°C and 100 °C are 128,2 and 13,5 cSt. The characteristics of waste lubricant obtained density (15 °C) is 0,8916 g/cm3; viscosity at 40 °C and 100 °C are 135,4 cSt and 14,0 cSt. The best bleaching results using three bleaching media between bentonite, bleaching earth and Calcium Oxide obtained the sample results changes color from black to light brown. By varying the addition of solvent, ratio value between volume of waste lubricant with solvent is 33: 1, obtained density (15 °C) is 0,8895 g/cm3 and kinematic viscosity at 40°C and 100 °C are 112,2 and 12,52 cSt. Mean while ratio value between volume of bleached oil with solvent is 40:1, obtained density (15 °C) is 0,8945 g/cm3 and kinematic viscosity at 40°C and 100 °C are 111,2 and 12,44 cSt. This study is still analysis the refined oil (for ratio value between volume of bleached oil with solvent is 100:1). Conclusion for now is the results of solvent addition with ratio 33:1 is closest to the fresh lubricant oil, but there was a decrease of ignition point from temperature 244 oC to 204 oC
Potensi Kerang sebagai Katalis Untuk Pembuatan Biodiesel
Get PDFKebutuhan katalis heterogen saat ini sangat diperlukan mengingat kemudahan akan pemisahannya dengan produk. Katalis heterogen CaO/abu layang merupakan katalis yang dapat digunakan untuk reaksi transesterifikasi pada produksi biodiesel. Katalis ini dihasilkan dari limbah cangkang kerang Anadara granosa dan Paphia textile. Limbah cangkang kerang dimanfaatkan sebagai sumber kalsium karbonat untuk menghasilkan senyawa CaO. Pemanfaatan limbah cangkang kerang dan PLTU untuk katalis CaO/abu layang diharapkan dapat mengurangi biaya produksi biodiesel dan meningkatkan sifat reuseable katalis. Abu layang merupakan garam anorganik dengan kandungan Al2O3 dan SiO2 yang tinggi dapat digunakan sebagai bahan pengemban katalis. Dekomposisi kalsium karbonat dari cangkang kerang yang telah dihaluskan dilakukan dengan cara kalsinasi pada temperatur 800oC selama 3 jam untuk menghasilkan CaO. CaO dilarutkan dalam aquades untuk mendapatkan larutan Ca(OH)2. Ca(OH)2 merupakan senyawa aktif dari katalis CaO/abu layang yang dipreparasi dengan metode impregnasi dengan CaO loading 45% pada temperatur 70oC selama 4 jam dan dikalsinasi pada temperatur 800oC selama 2 jam. Katalis CaO/Abu layang dikarakterisasi dengan XRD dan SEM. Hasil karakterisasi XRD menunjukan puncak CaO, sedangkan hasil SEM menunjukan adanya aglomerasi logam oksida yang terbentuk. Uji aktivitas katalis menghasilkan yield biodiesel sebesar 93% dan 88% untuk sumber CaO Paphia textile dan Anadara granosa
Pemanfaatan Janggel Jagung dan Batok Kelapa Menjadi Gas Mempan Bakar untuk Mensubtitusi Elpiji Melalui Proses Gasifikasi
Get PDFThe biomass gasification is a technology which converts any kind of biomass energy which low heat value (such as waste from agriculute and forest and organic waste) into combustible gas. Biomass is combusted im-perpectly by way of controlling the flow of air into gasifier to convert solid state into gas state, generating a combustable gas which mainly consists of H2, CO, CH4 and CnHm. A small gasifier design system with 35 cm in inside diameter and 70 cm of combustion zone was used to gasified agriculture waste of corncorb and coconut shell. About 10 kg of ±3cm corncob and coconut shell was gasified in this gasifier. The operation time of each biomass utilization was about 1.5 hour and 2.2 hour, respectivly. The combustable gas was used as a fuel by direct combustion in an ordinary modified gas stove. The water boiling time method (WTB) was used to determined thermal efficiency of this gasifier. About 2,0 minute was needed to boiled of 5 kg of water and giving thermal efficiency ±23.50% with a fire power of 14-18 kWth. The consumption of biomass and electricity cost was calculated. The price IDR 20,00-25,00 was needed for boiling 1 kg of water
Glucoamylase Enzyme Production by Aspergillus niger Fermentation and Cassava Starch as Substrate
Get PDFGlucoamylase enzyme is widely used in many industries. In Indonesia, this enzyme is needed increasingly for recent years and nowadays still imported with expensive cost. To overcome this problem, an alternative cheaper process for enzyme production was developed. It was conducted by an experimental investigation via batch fermentation by Aspergillus niger fungi with cassava starch as substrate. The fermentation broth in a 500-ml flask was incubated and shaken at room temperature and the substrate was varied at different concentrations. For several certain time interval, the broth was sampled and therefore its enzyme activity, dry cell weight, and remaining substrate concentration was analyzed. This research showed that the optimum condition for fermentation was obtained at substrate concentration of 9% and initial pH of 6. At this condition, the fermentation after 7 days produced glucoamylase enzyme with activity of 0.1355 Unit/ml. In addition, this experiment resulted in the kinetics parameters including saturation constant (KS) of 0.287 g/100 ml, maximum growth rate (max) of 4.127day-1, and enzyme-to-substrate productivity (YP/S) of 0.3826 Unit/g starch