Seminar Nasional Teknik Kimia Kejuangan
Not a member yet
523 research outputs found
Sort by
Preliminary Study of Methyl Acetate Hydrolysis Using Reactive Dividing Wall Column
Get PDFMethyl acetate is generated in a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) plant as a byproduct with little industrial applications. One of the best considerations in reusing methyl acetate is to convert methyl acetate back to methanol and acetic acid, which serve as raw materials in PVA plant, using hydrolysis reaction. Methyl acetate hydrolysis using reactive dividing wall column is studied in this paper. Reactive dividing wall column incorporated reactive distillation column and separation column into a single column. Reactive dividing wall column is known for its prospective ability to reduce both capital and energy cost of a process. The aim of this study is to develop several design configurations of reactive dividing wall column for hydrolyzing methyl acetate to produce methanol and acetic acid. The process and economic performances of each design configuration are then evaluated and compared with the help of Aspen Plus process simulator in order to find the best reactive divided wall column design for methyl acetate hydrolysis
Sintesis Karbon Aktif dari Kulit Jeruk dengan Aktivasi Menggunakan Subkritik Air
Get PDFLow-cost and environmental friendly activated carbon was synthesized from orange peels (citrus nobilis var. microcarpa) which activated by subcritical water. Orange peels were first carbonized in an electrical furnace at temperature of 800oC for 2 hours. Activation process of the carbonized orange peel were done in 1 hour inside a reactor at temperature of 200oC and pressure from 120 to 220 bar. Mesoporous activated carbon with highest surface area was obtained at pressure of 170 bar, where the surface area was 491.840 m2/g. The orange peel derived activated carbons were tested in the adsorption of methylene blue (MB) from aqueous phase. The adsorption study was done under batch condition with various initial concentration of MB solution. The initial concentrations of MB used were 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 ppm. The adsorption of MB followed the pseudo-second-order rate equation, and fit well to the Temkin isotherm, while the adsorption mechanism was affected by the intraparticle diffusion and surface diffusion
Penurunan Konsumsi Steam Di PG Modjo-Sragen dengan Konsep Heat- Process Integration Menggunakan Energy Utilization Diagram
Get PDFSugar factories can meet its own energy consumption, without using other fuels except bagasse, if consumption Steam on Cane (SOC) can reach 40-50% by weight of cane. Sugar factory can do cogeneration and generate electricity which can be sold to the grid if the consumption steam on cane reached a maximum of 40% by weight of sugar cane.This study aims to reduce the consumption of SOC in the process house using innovation of process configuration. EUD (Energy Utilization Diagram) is a thermodynamic analysis based on the concept exergy. EUD is used to evaluate the configuration process in order to obtain a better configuration of the existing configuration. The study obtained a configuration process with SOC <40%. Evaporation system used a quintuple effect. Vapor # 4 is used for energy donor heater # 1, Vapor # 3 used donor of energy to the heater # 2 and vacuum pan. Vapor # 1 is used for energy donor heater # 3. Exhaust steam pressure of 0.8-1 kg / cm2 is only used in the evaporator # 1
Tinjauan Pengaruh Zeolit terhadap Laju Korosi Baja Karbon dalam Medium Asam Mineral (H2SO4) dan Minuman Berkarbonasi
Get PDFZeolites are alumino silicate compounds having a three-dimensional structure with tetrahedral arrangement of units (AlO4)-5 and (SiO4)-4. The zeolite cations are located outside the tetra hedral that can move freely in the cavities of the zeolite particles and acts as a counter ion exchange with other cations outside the zeolite. The properties is what underlies of zeolite as cation exchanger. Carbonated beverages are drinks that are given CO2 pressurized and has a low pH. Although carbonated beverages have a low pH, but it not corrosive. Corrosion is an electrochemical reaction that is certainly the case in the metal when in contact with either dry or wet environments. Corrosion is degradation process with the environment so as to reduce the strength of metal. This research was conducted by immersing the test specimen which was given stress and not given stress in medium (H2SO4) and carbonated beverages mediums with the addition of zeolite particles and without the addition of zeolite particles. The desired result is to know the corrosion rate of mild steel in an environment of carbonated beverages and H2SO4 acid solution in the same pH by using the weight loss method, as well as to determine the effect of zeolite particles on the corrosion rate. The survey results revealed that the addition of zeolite particles can inhibit the corrosion rate of the steel that was given stress is 22,11% in the H2SO4 medium, medium A is 17,39%, medium B is 16,63% and raise the pH of H2SO4 by 150%, medium A 88,46% and medium B 92,308%
Kinetika Reduksi Isotermal CuO/ZnO dalam Penyiapan Katalis untuk Sintesis Metanol
Get PDFCatalyst Cu/ZnO for methanol synthesis was prepared using coprecipitation method, then followed with calcination at 350oC for 1 hour to obtain CuO/ZnO with a molar ratio of 50:50. Afterward, two gram of CuO/ZnO was treated for reduction to to Cu/ZnO with H2 with a flowrate of 120 mL.min-1 in a semi batch isothermal reactor. This reduction was carried out at temperatures of 170, 200, and 220oC. Since the highest rate of reduction were found at CuO conversions in the range of 30-40%, the kinetic of reduction of CuO/ZnO was represented using modified Prout-Tompkins model ( )n ( )m da / dt = k a +0,3 1-a . This model fit very well to our experimental data with activation energy in of about 25 kJ/mol, frequency factor of about 10 min-1, and m of about 1,1 and n of about 1,4
The Optimization of Bioactive Compounds Continuous Extraction Conditions from Phaleria macrocarpa Fruit by Percolation Method
Get PDFCrown of god (Phaleria macrocarpa) one of many native Indonesia medicinal plants, posseses with a great potential as natural preservative, food suplement, and medicine due to its high bioactive compounds, especially antioxidant content. Despite of its high potential, local knowledge and applicable tecgnology needed to isolate the precious content are still lacking. This study aimed to develop an effective method to get the highest possible yield of high quality extract from the Phaleria macrocarpa fruit. The method chosen was a non-destructive separation using liquid-solid extraction (leaching) operated in a continous mode by percolation method. Fruits after some pretreatment were extracted using ethanol 70% v /v with the variation of 4 extraction conditions namely: temperature (26 to 52 oC), the ratio of bed length to column diameter (4 to 6), particle diameter (0,22 to 0,90 cm), and solvent flow rate( 5 to 10 mL/min) . The experimental design used was Response Surface Method-Box-Behnken design with 3 center points. The condition of extraction were varied in order to optimize % yield and DPPH equivalent. The optimum condition were found at temperature 39 oC; lb/dk 4; particle diameter 0,22 cm; solvent flow rate 10 mL/min with 93,25% yield and DPPH equivalent of 3,21 μmol DPPH/mg crude extract
Pengolahan Limbah Tekstil Menggunakan Elektrokoagulasi
Get PDFThe study investigates the influence of operating parameters such as initial pH and distance between electrode on COD and color removal from a laboratory scale batch electrocoagulation reactor using aluminum plate (Al) with a broad cross section of 80x80 mm2 and 2 mm thick as the electrode. Synthetic wastewater Direc Red 12 B® and Direc Black Ex® is used in the study with a volume of 800 mL. The variations of experiments are distance between electrodes (2 cm, 3 cm and 4 cm) and the initial pH (4, 5, 6,7). The samples are taken every 5 minutes for 60 minutes operating time. The results of the study indicate that electrocoagulation optimal condition occurs at electrode distance 2 cm and initial pH 5 with the color removal efficiency 94.5% of the Direc Red 12 B® and 98.3% of Black Direc Ex®, COD removal 91.25% of Direc Red 12 B® and 84.92% of Direc Black Ex®
Pengaruh Tingkat Kemurnian Bahan Baku Alumina Terhadap Temperatur Sintering dan Karakteristik Keramik Alumina
Get PDFThe influences of the purity of alumina to the sintered properties of alumina have been successfully investigated. Two types of alumina i.e., α-alumina PA (99% alumina) and technical alumina were used in this research. Various temperature sintering used in this research were 1250, 1350, 1450, 1550, and 1600oC. The powders were prepared by using wet milling method and ethanol used as a solution in a plenetary ball mill. The green body was pressed at 12 metric ton of pressure. The shrinkage, density, porosity, hardness and fracture toughnes of the sintered pellets were measured, and the microstructure of fractures pellets was observed by SEM. From the characterization found that the temperature sintering affected to the densification and properties of alumina, and the other hand the purity of raw materialcan affected to the temperature sintering of alumina ceramics. The optimum properties of α-alumina PA ceramics at 1600oC resulted the density 3.489 gr/cm3, the hardness 1668 VHN, and the fracture toughness 5.774 MPa m 1/2. However for the alumina technique ceramics resulted density level 3.082 gr/cm 3, the hardness 999 VHN and fracture toughness 1.545 MPa m1/
Pembuatan Edible Film dari Tepung Jagung (Zea Mays L.)dan Kitosan
Get PDFFood packaging is important that affect it’s quality, one of the safe packaging method is to use edible film. Edible film is a thin layer that can be consumed, formed to coat the food that serves to maintain the food quality, as mass transfer barrier (eg, moisture, oxygen, light, lipids, and solute). Edible film also can be used a carrier substance additives to improve the food quality. This research aims to determine the appropriate formulation of material to produce edible film with optimal characteristics. In this casethe main materials used are corn starch and chitosan with the addition sorbitol and glycerol as plasticizer. Edible films made from cornstarch dissolved in distilled water and then heated till 85oC and chitosan dissolved with a solution of 1% acetic acid. Both mixtures were mixed and then plasticizer sorbitol and glycerol were added. After it is molded, and dried at 60°C in 7 hours; it is released from the mold, edible film is ready to use. The results shows that the optimum formulation of edible corn starch and chitosan films are edible film that formed from 7 grams cornstarch, 3 grams of chitosan, 1 ml of sorbitol and 1ml of glycerol, with physical characteristic is 21 , 45 % film solubility; 15,5597 MPa film tensile strength, and water vapor permeability is about 3,089 × 10^-8 g/m.s.kP
Penggunaan Natrium Silikat pada Proses Pelorodan Batik Terhadap Pelepasan Lilin dan Kekuatan Tarik Kain
Get PDFWax removing batik cloth with synthetic dye can use starch, soda ash, and a mixture of both. The use of cassava starch perfection to release wax batik less than the maximum, medium soda ash will reduce the intensity of the color. The purpose of this study was to determine the extent of the effect of the use of sodium silicate in the process of batik wax removing percentage of the wax off and tensile strength fabric. As the research object, using a type of cotton fabric primisima with canting seal, then dyed with napthol dyestuff, then removing. Variations in the concentration of sodium silicate in the process wax removing is 1, 2, 3, and 4 g/l, respectively, at a temperature of 80-90 ° C. The result of the study showed, that the use of sodium silicate concentrations were increased until the optimal limit a reduction in the strength of the fabric, both warp and weft direction. Medium weight percentage wax-similar results regardless show, which increased with increasing concentrations of sodium silicate is used. From the results of the analysis revealed that there was no significant difference in tensile strength test and wax off against the use of sodium silicate concentration on wax removing process. Economical to use, sodium silicate with a concentration of 1 g/l is recommended for use in the process of batik cloth wax removing cotton, wax off result percentage 97.686%, a decrease in the tensile strength of the warp direction by 0.46%, 0.66% feed direction, a decrease in intensity color 4%, the cost of production of cloth per sheet IRD 4,650