Seminar Nasional Teknik Kimia Kejuangan
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Pretreatment Bonggol Jagung dengan Alkali Peroksida dan Hidrolisis Enzim
Get PDFCorncobs are abundant lignocellulosic waste materials in Indonesia. Lignocellulosic biomass has the potential to be used as raw material to produce biofuel. Lignocellulosic material mainly consists of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. The convertion of lignocellulosic material to fermentable sugar involves pretreatment and hydrolysis ( enzimatic saccharification ). The objective of this experiment is to optimize the operating condition of alkaline hydrogen peroxide pretreatment and enzimatic hydrolysis treatment to release fermentable sugar from corncob. In this experiment the effect of temperature and concentration of hydrogen peroxide ( H2O2) to lignin disruption by alkaline peroxide (AHP) pretreatment at pH 11.5 were studied. Under the optimum condition of alkaline hydrogen peroxide pretreatment ( 2% H2O2, temperature of 35 oC, pH 11.5, 12h ) and enzimatic hydrolysis treatment using cellusoft L. at 50 oC, pH 5, 12h, a total of 514.3 ppm glucose was obtained
Pengaruh pH dan Temperatur pada Ekstraksi Antioksidan dan Zat Warna Buah Stroberi
Get PDFIndonesia is one of the tropical country that is potential to cultivate different types of plants, include strawberry. The use of synthetic dyes in foods are harmful to body health. Therefore, natural dyes can be used as alternative substitutes that can reduce harmful effects to the body. Dyeing capability of strawberry is caused by anthocyanin that gives red color. Furthermore, strawberry contains antioxidant that prevents free radicals in the human tissue. The purpose of this experiment is to study the effect of pH and temperature in the extraction of anthocyanin from strawberry towards total content of anthocyanin, antioxidant activity and total content of phenolic compound. The strawberry were extracted at the temperature variation of 5oC, 30oC and 60oC, and pH variation of 2, 7 and 12 respectively using water as solvent. The highest total anthocyanin content in the strawberry is 44.4mg/100grsample that obtained at 5oC and pH of 2. The highest antioxidant activity and total phenolic content in the strawberry are 91.2% and 218.7 ppm respectively
Ekstraksi Daun Kapuk Randu (Ceiba pentandra Gaertn) dengan Pelarut Etanol
Get PDFKapok leaf contain many active compounds include saponins, flavonoids and phenols. The compounds has broad uses, as detergents, forming foam in fire extinguishers and shampoo industries, having hemolysis activity, and as the compounds used to remove kidney stones. The research aims to find out the influence of extraction temperature and ratio of kapok leaf with solvent to the concentration, and calculate the mass transfer coefficient (Kc). The extraction process was done using kapok leaf powder extracted with ethanol as a solvent in a three-neck flask with a mixer on the extraction temperature, the ratio of leaf with a solvent, and a particular time. To determine the concentration of extract in the solution , the extract was analyzed using a UV- Vis spectrophotometer. Mass transfer coefficient values obtained by optimization of the concentration of extract data at various times. From the results of research on the optimum extraction temperature of 70 ° C on the ratio of kapok leaf with solvent of 5 g / 350ml is obtained extract 0,62% of the weight of the leaf and mass transfer coefficient (Kc) 5,74.10-1 g solvent / min.mm2
Sistem Desalinasi Membran Reverse Osmosis (RO) untuk Penyediaan Air Bersih
Get PDFDevelopment of tourism has an impact on the water demand. The amount of clean water is not comparable ofrequirement. Theother alternatifis needed to get clean water of water sources and technologies. One of technology that can be used is desalination and water source can be used sea water and brackish water. Desalination technology is divided into two: thermal processes and membrane processes. Currently, reverse osmosis membrane separation is more favorable than thermal process. Desalination costs are more affected by plant capacity and energy consumption. The greater plant will be cheaper than smaller palnt. In addition to these two factors, desalination cost is affected by the place where the RO desalination plant is installed. The cost of desalination at each country will bedifferent even thoughthe costof desalinationin Indonesia has not been recorded properly
Fotoreduksi Logam Krom (VI) Menggunakan Fotokatalis Lapis Tipis TiO2-Mn Mesopori dengan Bantuan Lampu Tungsten
Get PDFHexavalent chromium is a heavy metal that is toxic and give bad impact to human living. Maximum consentration of hexavalent chromium of solution that can be accepted is 0,05 ppm. This research was conducted to reduce hexavalent chromium by photoreduction method using mesophorous TiO2-Mn thin film photocatalyst with a tungsten lamp. Tha aim of this research is to obtain optimum ratio of TiO2-Mn (100:0; 99:1; 98:2; 97:3; and 96:4) to reduce hexavalent chromium. A thin film was synthesized by photodeposition method with calcination temperature 4000C for 6 hours. TiO2-Mn was crushed and made into coloidal phase with PEG 1000, then coated on a glass plat (9X4 cm). Thin film was tested to reduce hexavalent chromium with tungsten lamp and its concentration was measured by UV-Visible Spectrophotometer at wave length of 541 nm. The result showed that 99:1 is an optimum ratio of TiO2-Mn and it reduce hexavalent chromium up to 52,3 %. The decrease of hexavalent chromium concentration caused by the photoreduction process in mesophorous TiO2-M
Studi Adsorpsi Sianida dari Tailings Pengolahan Emas dengan Metode Resin-In-Pulp
Get PDFCyanidation is an efficient and inexpensive gold extracting process from ore, allowing gold recovery from low-grade ore carried out economically. The disadvantage of cyanidation process is the generation of highly toxic cyanide-containing tailings. Such tailings need to be treated prior to disposal, in order to comply with environmental requirements. There are two methods to overcome cyanide-containing tailing, by recycling and recovery. Cyanide recovery will eliminate the cyanide destruction cost and will reduce fresh cyanide purchasing cost. Cyanide adsorption (as part of Hannah Process) has been studied using batch adsorption techniques, to examine the contact time, adsorbent dose, and maximum adsorption capacity of Lewatit U-SO4 resin for cyanide removal. Results revealed that adsorption rate initially increased rapidly, and the optimum removal efficiency was reached within two hours. Further increase in contact time did not show significant change in equilibrium concentration; that means, the adsorption has reached equilibrium. The adsorption isotherms could be fitted well by the Langmuir model. The RLvalue in the investigation was less than one, indicating that the adsorption of cyanide onto the resin is favorable. The resin optimum dose was 44 g/L and the maximum capacity was20 mg CN/g resin, equivalent to 0.846eq/L resin.
Adsorpsi Ion Logam Kromium (Cr (Vi)) Menggunakan Karbon Aktif dari Bahan Baku Kulit Salak
Get PDFHeavy metals are elements which are produced in industrial waste. This heavy metal waste causes pollution to the environment if the content of heavy metals contained therein exceeds the threshold. The toxic’s properties are extremely dangerous for humans if it accumulates in the human body. One of the heavy metals that are produced is chromium. Several chemical and biological methods to remove heavy metals contained in the waste have been found. The adsorption method is one of the efficient and effective ways to treat heavy metal waste. In this study, activated carbon was prepared from salacca peel. Effects of pH, adsorbent dosage and Cr(VI) concentration on the adsorption of hexavalent chromium were investigated. The results were analyzed with Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, and Dubinin-Radushkevich adsorption isotherm models. And kinetic of the adsorption was performed based on pseudo first order, pseudo second order, and intraparticle diffusion equations. From the research, it is known that the optimum conditions for the Chromium(VI) adsorption occurs at pH 2. The adsorption capacity of salacca peel based activated carbons for the removal of hexavalent chromium was found to be 123 mg/g. And the best adsorption isotherm which can represent the adsorption equilibrium is Langmuir isotermal adsorption model. Moreover the data indicated that the adsorption kinetics follow the pseudo second orde
Pengaruh Penambahan Kacang Merah, Ampas Kedelai, dan Textured Vegetable Protein pada Kandungan Nutrisi dan Tekstur Daging Sapi Sintetik
Get PDF As beef consumption can increase risk of cancer and cardiovascular disease, an alternative food in the form of synthetic beef which contains important nutrients with less health risk can be made. In this research, protein content will be derived from gluten, kidney bean, soy pulp, and textured vegetable protein which are varied in concentration. Our results indicated that increase of kidney bean flour and textured vegetable protein will increase ash, protein, and fat content while increase of soy pulp will increase water and carbohydrate content, decrease the amount of calories, and reduce synthetic beef’s hardness. The best synthetic beef has been made with a combination of 60% gluten, 10% kidney bean flour, 20% soy pulp, and 10% textured vegetable protein. According to proximate and calorimetry analysis, the best synthetic beef contained 60.3% water, 0.6% ash, 19.3% protein, 4.5% fat, 15.6% carbohydrate, and 178 kal/100 g. According to texture profile analysis, the best synthetic beef had 0.570 cohesiveness, 5845.4 gf hardness, and 88.0 springiness. Synthetic beef has similar cohesiveness and elasticity but higher hardness than beef. Based on this research, synthetic beef with sufficient amount of nutrient and less health risk has been produced
Pengaruh Pressure Drop terhadap Efektivitas Heat Exchanger Dengan Menggunakan Simulator Aspen Hysys V. 7.3
Get PDFHeat Exchanger is a device that used to exchange the heat between the fluids that had higher temperature to the fluid with lower temperatures. One type of heat exchanger that often used is the heat exchanger Shell and Tube. In the simulation analyzed the influence of heat duty and enthalpy to temperature, fluid temperature variation being used for the shell side range 87-92oC, for the tube side 25-50oC, and analyzed the effect of pressure drop on the fouling factor with simulator Aspen Hysys v.7.3. According to the results, it is found that the pressure drop on the shell side has passed the permissible value from base design, it means that the shell side already requires to cleaned, while the tube side pressure drop values exist under the conditions allowed by the base design, it means that the tube side is in good condition, and for the effect of heat flow to the temperature is when the value of the difference temperature higher , the heat flow generated value will be higher, and the value of the enthalpy is also proportional to the temperature value
Modeling and Simulation of Methylene Blue Batch Adsorption Using Jatropha Curcas L. Residue-Based Activated Carbon by Shrinking Core Model
Get PDFPhysic nut residue is one of bio-wastes which contains enough carbon can be processed further into other products with higher usage and economical value. One of the products is activated carbon which used commonly in chemical industry. Information regarding the kinetics describing mechanism and characteristic of adsorption using physic nut residue-based activated carbon can be obtained through modeling. Model used in this research are Pore-Surface Diffusion Model (PSDM) and Film-Pore Diffusion Model (FPDM) derived based on shrinking core model. This research begins with estimating the value of kf, Ds, and Dp parameters which later will be validated and simulated using various correlations and the model. Variations are done towards three variables: initial aqueous phase concentration (C0), pH value, and adsorbent types. The result shows PSDM is more accurate in representing the mass transfer characteristics of methylene blue adsorption using activated carbon synthesized from physic nut residue because the model prediction fit the experimental data better than the FPDM. The value of Ds ranged from 3, 99E-14 to 7, 66 E-14 while the value of Dp ranged from 9, 98E-13 to 2, 82E-12 . It is also found that value of Ds and Dp are affected by variables mentioned before