Seminar Nasional Teknik Kimia Kejuangan
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Optimization Of Used Cooking Oil Into Biodiesel With Sulfated Zirconia Zeolit Catalyst
Get PDFUsed cooking oil is oil that come from oil frying foodstuffs. The difference of used cooking oil with new vegetable oil lies in the composition of new saturated fatty acids and unsaturated. Used cooking oil has saturated fatty acid that is greater than new vegetable oil. As a result Used cooking oil is very dangerous when consumed and when discharged into the environment and will pollute the around environment. Therefore Used cooking oil is suitable to be used for biodiesel feedstock. Utilization of Used cooking oil as raw material for biodiesel is one of the ways to reduce waste that produce economic value and creating an alternative fuel for diesel fuel substitute. Used cooking oil can be processed into biodiesel by transesterification with methanol using zeolite sulfated zirconia catalyst. Used cooking oil containing free fatty acids of 1,64% and a density of 0,911 g / ml Transesterification of Used cooking oil with sulfated zirconia zeolit catalyst was conducted in a batch reactor with maximum volume of 1000 mL equipped with a heater, thermometer, stirrer, and tap of the sample taker. Variables which were studied in this research include the ratio of methanol to oil (1:4, 1:6, 1:9, 1:12), reaction temperature (100OC, 110OC, 120OC ), and concentration of catalyst (0,5%, 1%, 2%). Condition process that was optimum was achieved at the ratio of oil to methanol 1:6, 2% catalyst concentration, reaction temperature of 120oC, and reaction time for 120 minutes with a conversion of 71.62%
Outcome of Soybean Dregs and Cassava Addition towards Synthetic Chicken Meat Texture and Nutrition
Get PDFMeat is one of the main sources of protein that society enjoys consuming, particularly chicken. However, meat may be unhealthy and cause excessive cholesterol, diabetes, and weight gain, also pathogenic such as avian influenza. Meat alternative that is healthier is synthetic meat. Synthetic meat is created from organic ingredients with protein content that resembles meat. Protein in synthetic meat is obtained from ingredients such as gluten, soybean dregs, and cassava. Aside from protein, other nutrition such as fiber, carbohydrate, fats, and minerals are also incorporated in synthetic meat. In manufacturing synthetic meat, the concentration of soybean dregs and cassava are varied in order to observe the effect from both ingredients towards nutrition and texture. Synthetic meat will be analyzed proximately, calorimetrically, its texture by texture profile analysis (TPA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), shelf life, and amino acids. From this research, a formulation for synthetic chicken meat is obtained based on its nutrition and texture. The best composition for synthetic chicken meat consists of 60% gluten, 5% cassava, and 20% soybean dregs
Studi Pemanfaatan Kondensat Air Conditioning (AC) Menjadi Air Layak Minum
Get PDFAir is one of funamental resource for our life. It can be felt directly on the water work of the Air Conditioning (AC), which is currently Air Conditioning (AC) is almost installed in every office building, classroom, even in every home and the water that drains which is condensate AC thrown away. Though water from the condensate can actually be utilized as raw water may even be water unfit for consumption. By utilizing AC performance air condenses into water, where the water will be collected to be known and observed the content contained in the AC condensation process.The basis of this research is that the water from the condensate Air Conditioning can be utilized as the water unfit for consumption because of the great possibility of impurities contained in it only the impurities contained in the air. Early predictions produced water from the air conditioning process will be influenced by the place where the air conditioning was installed.The results of this study indicate that the physical parameters of the AC condensate is colorless, odorless, tasteless, TDS value of 14.27 mg / L, and Turbidity 0.77 NTU. For chemical parameters, pH value of 7.0. Further microbiological parameters indicate that the air conditioning condensate water has a value of <2 for the bacteria E-Coli and Coliform which is the smallest value from Table MPN Series 5. This indicates that the AC condensate is eligible to be used as drinking water
Studi Pengaruh Konsentrasi Glukosadan Laju Aerasi terhadap Produksi Asam Glukonat oleh Aspergillus niger
Get PDFChemical production through fermentation offers advantage in the safe condition used. One of such useful chemical products is gluconic acid, which can be produced by mold Aspergillus niger. This chemical is an interesting product and has various applications. This research studied the effect of initial glucose concentration and aeration rate on the growth of Aspergillus niger FNCC 6098 and its gluconic acid production through fermentation in a batch reactor. The reaction temperature and pH was controlled at 30oC and 6.5, respectively. Initial glucose concentration was varied as 150, 200 and 250 g/L while aeration rate was varied as 1.5, 2, and 2.5 vvm. The concentration of the mold mycelium, gluconic acid product and remaing glucose substrate are presented as function of time. The result of varying initial glucose concentration at fixed aeration showed that the 200 g/L glucose produced the highest yield of gluconic acid. Meanwhile the highest yield of gluconic acid at fixed initial glucose concentration was resulted at aeration rate of 2 vvm
Analisa Ketebalan Steam Chest sebagai Fungsi Breakthrough Time pada Steam Injection Process
Get PDFThe thickness of steam chest is found by integrating the steam velocity with respect to breakthrough time. The bigger rate of steam injection would form the thinner steam chest, which has affected to the cost required to production of steam that would be injected to the reservoir. There is a difference between the theoretical breakthrough time and steam chest calculations with the actual field situation. The difference occurs because in the theory used the ideal condition in which the heat efficiency is perfect, but in the actual field, there are many factors that cause the heat efficiency such as the slope of layers, reservoir heterogeneity, pressure gradient, and permeability distribution
Dealuminasi dan Karakterisasi Zeolite Y sebagai Katalis untuk Konversi Gliserol menjadi Glycerol Monolaurate
Get PDFGlycerol is a side product of a biodiesel production using transesterification process and an alcoholic compound that consists of three hydroxyl group. One of the glycerol derivative compound is Glycerol Monolaurate which used in food additives, surfactant, medicine, cosmetics and others. In the making of Glycerol Monolaurate, catalysts is used to accelerate the reaction and increasing the yield of Glycerol Monolaurate. One of the catalysts that had been used is Zeolite Y. Dealumination is used to increase the acidity of the zeolites. Characterizationis used to determine the characteristics of the Zeolit Y that had been dealuminise. This study consists of several stages, there are dealumination of Zeolite Y using H2SO4. Then, drying at 110 º C for 1 hour. Then, calcinating at 500-600 ºC for 3 hours. Catalyst characteristics are analyzing by the Surface Area Analyzer to determine the surface area of the catalyst, and analysis with X - Ray Diffraction (XRD) to identify the bulk phase and determine the nature of the catalyst crystals or crystalitation of a catalyst, and Temperature-Programmed Desorption (TPD) to analyze the acidity of Zeolit Y that had been dealuminise. So we can get the optimum condition to produce Zeolit Y catalysts which also can Glycerol Monolaurate with the biggest yield possible