Seminar Nasional Teknik Kimia Kejuangan
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Synthesis of Nano Silica Originated from Rice Husks using Sol Gel Method with Methanol as Solvent
Get PDFIndonesia is an agricultural country that largely livelihood of the population in plants that produce carbohydrates such as rice, corn. Of the amount of rice produced there abundant agricultural waste. Agricultural wastes are utilized in this study is rice husk. In the rice husks are fairly large silica content is 16-18%. The purpose of this study for the synthesis nano silica from rice husk with the formation of silica phases and stages of formation nano silica. Silica formation stage was conducted using leaching and burning. While the formation stage nano silica conducted using sol gel + HCl 1M. Results are examined is the influence of solvent and aging time on the purity and characteristics nano silica. At this stage of the formation of silica, the leaching process using citric acid and burning at a temperature of 7500C for 5 hours resulted in the structure of amorphous silica and silica purity reached 93.08%. At this stage of formation nano silica with sol gel method using a variation of methanol and aging time. Variations solvent used is 1: 9, 1:16 and 1:19. While variations of aging time used is 1,3 and 6 days. Highest purity silica obtained by the method of sol gel variation of solvent 1: 9 and 1 day aging period at 75.45%. While the smallest nano-sized silica obtained by the sol gel method variation of solvent 1: 9 and aging time of 3 days with a size between 50-1500 n
Activated Carbon from Jackfruit Peel Waste ss Decolouring Agent of Screen Printing Waste Water
Get PDFThe aim of this research was to create decolouring agent of screen printing waste water by using activated carbon from jackfruit peel waste as an adsorbent. The carbonization process of jackfruit peel waste has been done in temperature 907o C in the absence of air and activated with sulfuric acid in different concentration (3, 5, 7, 9 and 11%). The adsorption capacity of activated carbon found out by interacting it with 25 mL of screen printing waste water. Furthermore, some test had been done to find out the influence of different particle size, weight of adsorbent and interaction time. The effect of different particle size was examined at 20, 40 and 60 mesh, the effect of the weight of adsorbent in 100, 125, 150, 175 and 200 mg and interaction time at 15, 30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes. Optimum capacity of activated carbon reached at 11% concentration of sulfuric acid, particle size 40 mesh, with the weight 200 mg and time interaction of 90 minute
Analysis of the Effect of By-pass Pumping System Application on the Efficiency of the Pump and Process
Get PDFBypass system is a system of fluid flow with curves that cut off part of the main stream and usually use at piping system industry when repair and replace the instrument system. Bypass system is used for instrument replacement because it can take place without shuting down or cuting off. An ideas to utilize bypass system is used in the study design of the bypass pumping system by cutting partially discharge flow toward suction, it has potential to increase the velocity of flow and rotation of pump. Evaluation bypass, valve setting, the arrangement of pumps and pump motor speed regulation is a step to improve the efficiency of the pump. From the many usage of bypass system, a study to determine its effect on the efficiency of the pump is the right step to obtain efficient fluid systems. In this research, design of the bypass system module uses two angle variation there are 450 with elbow 450 and 900. Also the variation in the flow bypass valve opening to get the value of BEP (Best Efficiency Point) and the best bypass system design. At the end of the project is expected to be obtained bypass system design with a smaller head loss and increase the pump efficiency more than 5%
Experimental Study of Heat Transfer Characteristics in The Hair-Pin Heat Exchanger
Get PDFThe heat transfer characteristics in the horizontal Hair-pin heat exchanger are investigated experimentally. Heat transfer coefficients were calculated and plotted with the experimental data. The inner and outer diameters of the inner tube are 10.67 and 12.09 mm. The inner tube is made from stainless steel with thickness 0.71 mm and the length of 500 mm with conductivity thernal 14.4 W/m.K. The outer tube is made from PPMA(polymethyl methacrylate) with thickness 2.27 mm and the length of 450 mm. Cold and hot water are used as working fluids in outer tube and inner tube, respectively. Flows in the inner tube and outer tube were counter flow. The mass flow rates were varied of cold water are 0.0167, 0.0194, 0.0222, 0.025 and 0.0278 kg/s. Reynolds number were got between of 1667 and 2776 in laminar flow to turbulent flow. Then, the results data of cold water are heat transfer 139,67 Watt for the lowest flowrate and 348,78 Watt for the highest flowrate. From the experimental results obtained heat transfer characteristics in Hair-pin heat exchanger, can be increased by varied the mass flow rate in cold sid
Model Kuasa untuk Hidrolisa Enzimatik Kulit Kelapa dengan Delignifikasi Asam Sulfat
Get PDFTwo established chemical delignification method employing sulfuric acid and sodium hydroxide are often used for lignocellulosic material. In this study, the enzymatic hydrolysis of coconut coir with 1.5% dilute sulfuric acid delignification at 105°C were evaluated. This reaction is one of the stages in the process of converting lignocellulosic biomass into alternative fuels. The reducing sugar as a product of enzymatic hydrolysis can be further fermented to yield bioethanol or biohydrogen. Experiments were conducted for various concentrations of coconut fiber (i.e. 0.1; 0.2; 0.4; 1 and 2 g/100mL). Data from the experiment were then modeled by the power model so that the parameters can be determined. It was found that model parameters were different for each coconut fibre concentrations. The power model fits well with the experimental data as indicated by their R2 values
Fouling dan Cleaning Membran Reverse Osmosis Tekanan Rendah untuk Aplikasi Daur Ulang Air Limbah Domestik
Get PDFSeparation process by reverse osmosis membrane for wastewater reuse is an advantage process because of feasible cost and able to produce high quality of product water. The used of RO membrane on wastewater reuse application is often limited by fouling phenomena, that is the accumulation of some types of foulant on the membrane surface. An understanding of the foulant types and the fouling mechanism is the key to success in RO membrane chemical cleaning. This review discusses numerous works about the fouling mechanisms and cleaning procedures
Membran Polimer Elektrolit Nanokomposit Berbasis PVdF-HFP (Poly Vinylidene Flouride co-Hexaflouropropylene) sebagai Separator Baterai Lithium Ion dengan Variasi Non Solvent
Get PDF Rechargeable batteries consist of electrode, separator, and electrolyte. Separator used as medium transfer ions and to prevent electrical short circuits in battery cells. Commonly used a solid separator (polyethylene, celgard) and a liquid electrolytes. Recently poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVdF) were developed into a based gel polymer electrolytes and as separator at once. The advantage of PVdF has a high porosity and more stable against hard chemical also high temperature. The aim of this research to investigate the effect of non-solvent to characteristic membranes. In order to produce better outcome add 7% polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as a pore forming agent and 10% nonoclay as filler. Phase-inversion is a common methode to form a microporous membranes. This methode was prepared by dissolving Nanoclay and PVP in solvent for 2 hours, and then add the PVdF/PVdF-HFP with stirring at 60°C. After 4 hours, casting in a glass and immersed in non-solvent. N,N-Dimethylformamide (DMF) is used as solvent, while for non-solvent are variated: aquadest, N-Methyl Pyrollidone (NMP) 10%, Natrium Clorida (NaCl) 10%. The membranes were characterized by porosity test, electrolytes uptake test, and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR). The best result using aquadest as non-solvent provide 60% electrolyte uptake, and with non-solvent NaCl give porosity 80
Sintesis Nanosilika dari Sekam Padi Menggunakan Metode Sol Gel dengan Pelarut Etanol
Get PDFRice husk is a byproduct of the milling process of paddy into rice. Silica can be obtained from rice husk to be utilized in various fields in the industry into high value products, one of them is nanosilica. Nanosilica can be obtained from rice husk using sol gel method with ethanol solvent. Before using sol gel method, performed insulating silica from rice husk using leaching method with citric acid solvent and combustion method. The purpose of this research is to study the effects of feed ratio (sodium silica): solvent (ethanol) and aging time on sol-gel method on the physical characteristics and morphology of nanosilica. Variations were made in the sol-gel method consists of variations in the volume of sodium silica: ethanol is 1: 9, 1:16, and 1:23. Moreover, variations of aging time is 1, 3, and 7 days. Characteristics of nanosilica were analyzed using SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) + EDX (Energy Dispersive X-Ray) and XRD (X-Ray Diffraction). At variations of ethanol solvent, the best variety is 1:16 for providing the highest purity silica (56.85%). While at the time variation of aging, aging time for 7 days giving highest silica purity results and the smallest size diameter
Numerical Study of Shell-And-Tube Heat Exchanger Characteristicsin Laminar Flow with Single Segmental Baffle
Get PDFShell-and-tube heat exchangers (STHEs) are one of the most popular heat exchanger due its flexibility to allow wide range pressure and temperature. The shell-sideperforms very complex flow which result in the difficult of analysis. This paper examines the characteristic of shell-side which obtained by adjusting vary of mass flow rates to gain laminar flow condition. A certain STHE with single segmental baffle used in this analysis that run by the stream analysis method developed by Heat Transfer Research Inc. (HTRI). The result shows that the increase value of mass flow rate will increase the shell-side heat transfer coefficient, pressure drop, and heat exchanger effectiveness. The increase value of mass flow rate from 0.1065 kg/s to 0.1775 kg/s will increase the shell-side heat transfer coefficient about 37.56% where minimum and maximum values are 1557.58 and 2142.76 W/m2.K. The shell-side pressure drop also increase from 0.325 kPa to 0.898 kPa or up to 176.31% increase. The heat exchanger effectiveness increase with the lower number of 7.02% from 0.276 to 0.295. From this experiment, it can be inferred that the increase value of mass flow rate in shell-side will be good to the heat exchanger performance, but the increase value of pressure drop must be in consideration too