Seminar Nasional Teknik Kimia Kejuangan
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Perancangan Konfigurasi Pengendalian Proses dengan RGA pada Sistem Pure-Capacitive-Two-Tank-in-Series dengan Pemanas di Tangki T-01
Get PDFThis research was aimed to design process control configuration in the Pure-Capacitive-Two-Tank-in-Series (PCTTS) quantitatively by using Relative Gain Array (RGA) method. Two square tanks were designed and arranged in series for investigation in laboratory. The electric heater was equipped in the tank T-01. Water was used as a fluid which is assumed that its density and heat capacity were constant. The feed water was flowed to tank T-01 and heated with an electric heater. Water of tank T-01 was then pumped to tank T-02. The pump volumetric rate can be adjusted by changing the pump voltage. This research was done through 2 procedures as follows: preliminary experiment and open loop RGA experiment. The preliminary experiment has given the steady state parameters as follows: the input and output volumetric rates of the 2 tanks were 104 cm3/second, liquid levels of tank T-01 and T-02 were 14 cm, liquid temperatures in tank T-01 and T-02 were 33.5oC, electric heat energy was 1520 watt, and pump voltage was 66.5 volt. Based on degree of freedom analysis, there were 3 variables of PCTSS system need to be controlled (CV); they were liquid temperature in tank T-01 (T1), liquid level in tank T-01 (h1), and liquid level in tank T-02 (h2). In RGA experiment, the manipulated variable candidates (MV) were changed manually based on the step function and its output (CV) responses were also be recorded. RGA calculation has resulted 3 couples of CV-MV as follows: T1-qe, h1-vpu, and h2-f2. Furthermore, study on the tuning of control parameters and closed loop simulation need to be done to examine performance of the resulted control configuration of PCCTS
Peningkatan Kuantitas dan Kualitas Produk UKM Wingko Babat di Kota Semarang dengan “Modified Oven”
Get PDFWingko babat merupakan makanan oleh-oleh khas Kota Semarang yang banyak diminati oleh para wisatawan. Proses pembuatan wingko babat meliputi beberapa tahap yaitu tahap pencampuran bahan baku, pencetakan, pemasakan, pendinginan dan pengemasan. Namunpada proses pemasakan, bahan yang dimasak tidak bisa merata. Hal ini disebabkan distribusi api atau panas tidak merata sehingga produk yang dihasilkan terkadang ada yang gosong. Kuantitas produk atau jumlah bahan yang dimasak tidak bisa maksimal karena proses pemasakan lama. Akibatnyasulit memenuhi permintaan pasar. Untuk mengatasi permasalahan ini perlu dilakukan perbaikan sistem pemasakan bahan wingko babatdengan cara mendesain ulang peralatan masaknya yaitu dengan rancang bangun alat masak bahan wingko babat.Alat ini dinamakan modified oven. Alat ini terdiri dari lima bagian utama yaitu (1) saluran pipa, (2) modified oven, (3)lubangtempat keluarnya api, (4) lubang sirkulasi udara, dan (5) penyangga. Hasil aplikasi alat ini menunjukkan peningkatan kuantitas dan kualitas produk. Kapasitas produksi meningkat 75% per harinya.Penggunaan bahan bakar untuk sekali masak menurun 50%. Omset produksi naik menjadi hampir 75% dan keuntungan UKM meningkat 2 kali lipat. Hasil pemasakan dapat seragam sehingga produk wingko yang dihasilkan tidak sampai gosong. Tekstur produk lembut dan proses pemasakan menjadi lebih cepat. Kualitas produk wingko menjadi lebih terjaga dan dapat memenuhi permintaan pasar khususnya pada musim wisatawan
Produksi dan Aplikasi Lakase pada Pembuatan Pulp: Sebuah Tinjauan
Get PDFLaccase is one of the promising enzymes in the production process of pulpmaking especially for the delignification process. This enzyme is belonging to the oxidative enzymes that can be produce mainly by white rot fungi. A large scale production of this enzyme is necessary for its availability. Production system for this enzyme has been studied both by submerged fermentation and solid state fermentation. For the applications, a pulping and a bleaching process can utilize this enzyme that can reduce the chemical consumption and pollution loading to the environment without reduce the properties of pulp produced
Peluang Pengembangan Produk Perikanan dan Kelautan
No full textMakalah ini adalah hasil presentasi dari pembicara utama SNTKK 201
Adsorpsi Ion Logam Tembaga Menggunakan Karbon Aktif dari Bahan Baku Kulit Salak
Get PDFHeavy metals contained inside water may carry negative impacts to humans and environment. The most effective treatment is adsorption using activated carbon which is obtained through chemical activation of snake fruit peel using KOH compound. The ratio of snake fruit peel to KOH (20%-w solution) used was 1:4. Snake fruit peel activated carbon with surface area of 2526 m2/g were obtained. The content of heavy metal ions (Cu2+) in the water were analyzed using spectrophotometer UV-Vis with NH3(p.a) solution which form a complex bound colored dark blue. Investigation was carried out by studying the influence of initial concentration (100, 150, 200, 250, and 300 ppm), pH (2,5; 3,5; 5), the amount of adsorbent (30, 60, 90 mg), dan temperature (25oC, 35 oC, dan 45 oC ) to obtain optimum condition with the highest %removal at initial concentration 100 ppm, pH 5, 90 mg adsorbent, and there\u27s no significant differences by varying temperature. Adsorption isotherm studies indicated that Langmuir model fit better with maximum adsorption capacity of 687 mg/g and Langmuir constant for the variation of initial concentration and the amount of adsorbent were 0.0473 L/mg and 0.0296 L/mg, respectively. The kinetics of adsorption of Cu(II) followed pseudo second order
Evaluation of Condensation Friction Pressure Loss Refrigerant 134-a in Internal Horizontal Tube Condenser by CFD
Get PDFEnergy crisis stimulates some efforts to empower low heat source. Organic Rankine Cycle is wise way that absorbs low heat gain easily. A device is horizontal condenser where two phase flow of R134a is happening in. Two phase flow is difficult to be solved due to its complexity. An annular flow regime dominates which is plotted as main assumption. It has plotted in Thome Flow Regime Map as variations of mass flux in similar vapor fraction. In CFD solver, flow is analyzed as pseudo, vapor and liquid mixed well, as consequence it will be single phase. It will be solved by SST method as viscous model that needs a multiplier numerical solver to transform from single phase into two phases. A multiplier depends on vapor fraction which is dominated of interfacial shear stress phenomenon as turbulent flow. Muller Steinhagen and Heck’s method is implemented due to its accuration. The value result of pressure loss correlates proportionally to mass flux. In similar mass flux, pressure loss increases as increasing linearly of vapor fraction due to high value of void fraction. The accuracy is within 91 %.
Kecepatan Release Asam Salisilat dari Crosslinked Pectin Film: Pengaruh Konsentrasi CaCl2 sebagai Crosslinker
Get PDFThis research modified pectin with crosslinking method using CaCl2, so the structure could be applied as Drug Delivery System. Salicylic acid, known as an antibiotic, was added to the crosslinked pectin film. The aim of this research was to evaluate the effects of the CaCl2 concentration as a crosslinker on the release rate of salycilic acid from pectin film in the buffer medium. The research included four steps i.e crosslinking pectin film, loading salycilic acid into the crosslinked pectin film, release test of salycilic acid in the buffer medium with pH=7,4, and data analyzing. Based on the research, the higher crosslinker concentration (0.02 g/ml; 0.05 g/ml; 0.1 g/ml; and 0.15 g/ml), made the pectin structure was denser, thus the amount of salycilic acid loaded in the film was less. The derived mathematic model could describe the mass transfer of salycilic acid. The higher of CaCl2 concentration caused the equilibrium constant (H) increase in the range around 0.235 until 0.7048, while the rate constant of salycilic acid mass transfer (KCA)tended to decrease, in the range 0.016 until 0.11
Fase Deaktivasi Fermentasi Bioethanol dari Sorgum dengan Beads Biokatalis Ko-Immobilisasi Yeast dan Enzim Glukoamilase Menggunakan Anaerobic Baffled Reactor (ABR)
Get PDFBioethanol is one of many promising fuels and alternative energies because bioethanol is made from natural fermentation which can be renewed. White sorgum seed (Shorgum bicolor (L) Moench) is abundantly available in tropical area. With starch content among 70 - 80 wt%, it has the potential as a raw material of bioethanol production. This research is conducted continuously in 4 chambers of Anaerobic Baffled Reactor (ABR) with biocatalyst beads of co-immobilized glucoamylase and yeast (Saccharomycescereviceae) in Na-Alginat. Deactivation time of fermentation can be observed when the decreasing of ethanol content was detected. This time shows the dead phase which is needed in the optimization of bioethanol production by determination of some factors causes this phase. The result showed that the biocatalyst beads began to undergo deactivation in every ABR chambers after 358 hours of the fermentation. At this time, the ethanol content in each chamber is: A 1.828 g/L, B 2,319 g/L, C 2,810 g/L, dan D 3,019 g/L
Pengaruh Penambahan Filler dan Suhu Pengeringan terhadap Kandungan Antioksidan pada Daun Physalis angulata yang Diperoleh dengan Ekstraksi Menggunakan Air Subkritik
Get PDFPhysalis angulata or ceplukan is a wild plant, typically grows in rice field, forest or yard. Before the planting season, farmers typically exterminate those plants. However, it was well known in folk medicine having bioactive compounds which can cure several diseases such as asthma, hypertension, boil etc. In this research, Physalis angulata extract can be obtained by extraction using subcritical water. Subcritical water was chosen as a solvent because it is nontoxic; abundant with adjustable polarity so can replace the toxic organic solvents such as methanol, ethanol, acetone etc.The objective of this research is to study the effect of filler type and concentration along with drying temperature to the total phenol, flavonoid and IC50 in Physalis angulata leaves extract. Filler was added to absorb water and make the powder form of extract. Two kinds of fillers were used, aerosil and microcrystalline cellulose (MCC). The concentration of filler was varied from 0-30 wt% for MCC and 0-15 wt% for aerosil. The oven drying temperature was varied from 40-60 oC. The results show that an addition of filler improved the total phenol, flavonoid and antioxidant activity.The higher the concentration of filler, the better the total phenol, flavanoid and antioxidant activity.In the presence of filler, the total phenol improved by 5.5 folds for addition of 30 wt% MCC and 3.3 folds for 15 wt% aerosil at drying temperature of 60oC. Total flavonoid improved by 7.6 folds for addition of 30 wt% MCC and 7.3 folds for 15 wt% aerosil above the same drying temperature. The higherdrying temperature leaded to shorter drying time which can protect antioxidant from deterioration