Seminar Nasional Teknik Kimia Kejuangan
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Kecepatan Release Asam Salisilat dari Crosslinked Carrageenan Film : Pengaruh Konsentrasi Glutaraldehid sebagai Crosslinker
Get PDFCarrageenan which was extracted from seaweed Eucheuma cottonii has a potential to be modified into hydrogel. In this research, carrageenan was modified with a crosslinking method using glutaraldehyde as the crosslinker and the obtained film was applied to control the substance release rate, namely salicylic acid. The goal of this research was to determine the effect of glutaraldehyde concentration on the parameters of release rate of salicylic acid from the carrageenan film in buffer solution (pH=7,4). The carrageenan was crosslinked using glutaraldehyde solution (1-5%) using film immersion method and thermal curing at 110OC for 25 minutes. Salisilic acid was loaded in the film by immersing film in salisilic acid-aceton solution. The rate release of salisilic acid from crosslinked carrageenan film in buffer solution was determined by measuring the concentration of salisilic acid in various time of immersion. It was found that the mathematical model arranged could describe the mass transfer rate of salicylic acid release. The higher the concentration of glutaraldehyde, the consentration of salicylic acid in the film and the constant mass transfer rate tend to be lower, the range around 0,02/minute until 0,015/minute, while the equillibrium constant was higher, the range around 0,0842 until 0,1849 gram of solid/lite
Penentuan Oil Losses dan Faktor Koreksi Pada Jalur Pipa Pengiriman Minyak Mentah di Sumatera Selatan
Get PDFCrude oil delivery system in South Sumatra by using the same pipes for oil companies raises the problem that is the loss of oil (oil losses) between Gathering Station as a delivery point with Center Production Gathering system. At this time there has been a change in the crude oil shipping operations both in production volume and the number of business partners involved in the delivery of crude oil. Changes in crude oil shipments were caused either by the discovery of petroleum source of new, decreasing oil production, changes in the volume of oil delivered and others resulted in a correction factor of production calculated at an earlier time is not representative anymore and needed re-evaluation.Conducting a study on the factors reevaluation oil losses in some parts of the oil field consisting of several groups (Segment) to determine the correction factor based on the production of oil properties, operating conditions and delivery process are other factors that influence it. The correction factor consists of oil shrinkage,water and sediment, emulsion and evaporation
Pengolahan Limbah Jasa Pencucian Kendaraan dengan Metode Koagulasi-Flokulasi
Get PDFThe treatment of wastewater generated from washing service businees of motor vehicles (WSBMV) by using coagulation and flocculation method was presented in this paper. The purposes of this research were to obtain fresh water (recycle)through treating of wastewater from WSBMV and determine the best dose of each parameter.The wastewater used in this research was obtained from washing service businees “Shop & Drive, NMA Motor” located in Cilegon city.This research was conducted using Jar Test in Laboratory PT. Krakatau Tirta Industri, parameters measured were TSS and surfactants water. Coagulants used were Alum (Al2SO4) 1% and PAC (Poly Alumunium Chlorida) 1%. The dose of coagulantswas varied in ranging of 10 mg/l, 20 mg/l, and 30 mg/l with the conditions of waste without sedimentation and sedimentation for 30 minutes.The results showed thatThe biggest TSS (Total Suspended Solid) removal (99.408%) was obtained at PAC 30 mg/L and sedimentation 30 minutes. Whereas, the biggest surfactant removal (99.976%) was obtained at PAC 10 mg/L and without sedimentation
Penyisihan Minyak dalam Emulsi Air Bilga Menggunakan Proses Elektrokoagulasi
Get PDFElectrocoagulation is electrochemical water treatment and the simplest technology for wastewater treatment using an electrochemical cell in which the supply of DC power is applied to the electrodes made of aluminum, and the electrolyte is wastewater. The experiments were conducted using oily bilge water in an electrocoagulation batch reactor. The electrodes were aluminum with dimensions (20 cm × 8 cm × 0.2 cm) mounted at a distance of 4 cm vertically. Aluminum plate was then connected to a direct current power supply having a 220 V input and output of 10 V with electric current of 10-15 A. The total area of the effective working of the plate was 160 cm2 when was immersed at a depth of 10 cm to the solution. The deposition process was maintained constant around 30-60 minutes. The results showed that the process could reduce the turbidity from114.1 to14.3 NTU and the highest solids concentration obtained was 12.54 g/l with initial oil concentration of 50 g/l within 60 minutes. The largest oil removal of 98.75% was obtained using the initial concentration of oil 75 g/l and the lowest of 96.25% was obtained with the initial oil concentration of 150 g / l
Perbandingan Proses Esterifikasi dan Esterifikasi -Trans-esterifikasi dalam Pembuatan Biodisel dari Minyak Jelantah
Get PDFIn recent years, some researchers are exploring many new sources of energy, such as biofuels. Biodiesel attracted the attention of various researchers as an alternative fuel because it is non-toxic, biodegradable and renewable as well as contributing the minimum amount of net greenhouse gases, such as CO2, SO2 and NO emissions into the atmosphere. The use of waste cooking oil to produce biodiesel reduced the raw material cost. The acid-catalyzed process using waste cooking oil proved to be technically feasible with less complexity than the alkali-catalyzed process using waste cooking oil, thereby making it a competitive alternative to commercial biodiesel production by the alkali-catalyzed process. The main objective of this study was to compare the process of making biodiesel. Esterification process would be compared with esterification followed by a trans-esterification process. The results showed that biodiesel was produced by esterification followed by trans-esterification process and esterification process , they have met SNI for parameters such as density, acid number, pH, cloud point and flash point, but the parameters of the viscosity and water content did not meet standards. Biodiesel using esterification followed by trans-esterification) was better than esterification process due to the yield produced higher (62.667%) than the esterification process (48%
Tekno-Ekonomi Sistem Membran Terintegrasi untuk Pengolahan Air Baku Campuran Air Payau dan Efluen STP
Get PDFRecently, portable water supply is one of crucial problems in the world, including Indonesia because water is not a cheap natural resource. Saline waters such as brackish water, seawater, and wastewater have been used as alternative raw water sources to fulfil domestic and idustrial water demands. Water price higher than IDR 15,000 clearly indicate that treatment of brackish water and/or wastewater reuse is effective from cost point of view. This work is aimed to perform in-situ pilot test by involving user and investor directly. Moreover, technical and cost are analysed based on a case study, i.e. average production of 220,000 m3/year; water price of IDR 14,500/m3 that increase IDR 2,000 every two years. This water treatment plant requires capital cost of 3.5 billions rupiahs. The capital comes from bank loan with interest of 13% per annual. It is found that with contract duration of 10 years, net present value (NPV) is positive so that this investment is feasible
Polyesterification of Shellac as An Alternative Coating Material
Get PDFPolyester resin is a type of polyester that is widely used in daily life, such as for paints, coating, composite matrix and so on. However, the widely used is a synthetic resin polyester. They have durable properties and extremely difficult to be degraded. While, the natural polyesters have weakness in their mechanical properties. This research aimed to modify shellac, one of natural polyesters, with phtalic anhydride in order to improve properties of coating material. The Addition of phtalic anhydride is expected to increase the hardness so that is not easily broken. FTIR analysis indicated the presence of esters and carboxylic acid groups, whereas the hardness test showed that polyester with a ratio of COOH/OH 0.7 had a higher hardness. The hardness level for polyester with the ratio of 0.7 was also reinforced by the degree of crystallinity shown by XRD analysis. It could be expected that modification shellac might be one of an alternative way to produce a material coating which is more environmentally friendl
Pembuatan Mikrokapsul Phycocyanin Menggunakan Maltodekstrin sebagai Bahan Pelapis dengan Metode Spray Drying
Get PDFMicroalgae have been considered aspotential source of nutritional value. Phycocyanin is one of high added value compound extracted from microalgae that can be used as pharmaceutical products, coloring agent and food nutrition enhancer. Therefore, the potential of phycocyanin need to be explored and developed for its use as an active ingredient in functional food. However, the application of phycocyanin as active compounds in functional foods is eventually accompanied by a stability issue since it is vulnerable to light, moisture content and temperature resulting in the degradation of proteins. Microencapsulation is an effective and economical method to maintain the stability of phycocyanin. One common method of microencapsulation isspray drying, while maltodextrin is the common coating material for spray drying. This study aims to describe the potential of spray drying for phycocyanin encapsulation process. Furthermore, the characterization of microcapsules psychochemical properties, and evaluate the performance of the storage stability and release controls will be also described. This review discussesnumerous works about the microencapsulation of phycocyanin using maltodextrins as coating material and microencapsulation by spray dying method
Pengaruh Ukuran Partikel Bentonit dan Arang Kayu pada Pembuatan Keramik Filter
Get PDFCeramic filter is one of the alternative can be used as filter media. Ceramic filter can be made from materials such as clay, river sand mixed with some charcoal and bentonite. Charcoal and bentonite were chosen for this research, because both of them are selective adsorben, have wide surface area, and high adsorption rate. Making the ceramic filter needs material with certain particle size of (-10+30)mesh,(-50+80)mesh, (-80+100)mesh, and (-100+200)mesh. The process of making sample of the filter were done using slip casting method, which consist of mixing all of the homogenic materials with water, and then mold it as needed. Then the filter is dried for 1 day, and then burned in the furnace with 650oC for 2,5 hour, and then let it cool down inside the furnace for ± 24 hour. The sample filter will be tested in various category such as porosity, flux, and pressure test. Finally, the ceramic filter will be tested with the turbidity of the river water in Giwangan. The optimal composition in this research is -100+200 mesh with 70%:30% of bentonite and charcoal, with the result of 10,05KN pressure value, 22,742% porosity, 0,2ml/cm2 flux, and the reduction of turbidity around 50,72%